双语教育在中国

双语教育对21世纪中国人才的培养将起到至关重要的作用。如何进行成功的双语教学，是每一个外语教育工作者面临和思考的问题。笔者在此探讨了双语教学的可行性和必要性。     

Bilingual education in Nicaragua

Specialist in social anthropology. Founder and director of the Atlantic Coast Research and Documentation Centre (CIDCA) and member of the National Autonomy Commission, a body that discusses the autonomy laws on the different regions of Nicaragua. Author of numerous articles on subjects related to social anthropology.     

高校C语言课程开展双语教学模式的若干思考

双语教学模式在理工科专业课程中开展已成为主流,本文旨在指出C语言程序设计课程纯母语教学模式的不足之处,分析双语教学模式的现状及其与C语言课程结合的优势,探讨此模式的理论基础和教学方法等问题,尝试为高校计算机专业课程开展双语教学提供一些新的思路。     

Bilingual education policy and social justice

This paper examines the Australian government’s Indigenous policy by interrogating the concept of partnership between governments and Indigenous communities through three examples. Increasingly, the Australian federal government is focusing attention on the poor literacy and numeracy outcomes for Indigenous children in remote and very remote locations. The three examples examined in this paper occurred between 2002 and 2007 during the development of the government’s policies about partnership accountability. A case study methodological approach evolved into a policy ethnography which was adopted to investigate the central question examined in this paper about the strengths and limitations of partnering as a policy concept. The strongest theme to arise from analysis was that parents and caregivers, and indeed their broader families and communities, had a distinctly different expectation of partnership to that of the government policy. Drawing on social exchange theories, the differences identified were concerned with the asymmetry and reciprocity. Indigenous communities are asserting the right to negotiated agreements that are accountable ‘both ways’ and governments seem to be more focussed on a ‘one way’ process of making Indigenous people accountable for education failure.     

新疆双语教育语言政策研究

本文以新疆双语教育为研究对象,阐述了新疆双语教育的研究现状,并从语言政策角度对新疆双语教育政策进行了梳理。     

Initiatives and resistances in english-speaking African countries

In 1989, there were 10 English-speaking African countries, plus Mozambique, with on-going population education programs within the school system. 7 other countries had programs in the planning stages. School programs were preceded after out-of-school and informal programs of the 1970s. Countries have designed population education in their own terms. The generalized goals of population education for the region were to expand awareness of population-related issues and problems; to develop skills, values, and attitudes which will enable people to make rational and timely decisions; and to behave in meaningful and socially desirable ways and improve the quality of human life. Population education has been accepted in most education curriculum in African countries, but fertility regulation in an action program is limited to a few countries. Although attention has been directed to mortality, teen pregnancy, drug use, and AIDS, there has been little discussion of the status of women, child labor, and female circumcision. Family-life education and population have been linked because of the acceptability of the term and the reality that the family is the basic unit of society. Anglophone African strategies have encompassed a central location for the population program within government, a pilot phase, an integration into other subjects, a life-long approach, and community participation; each of the aforementioned topics is discussed. Constraints in program design and implementation were identified as the lack of political support; the absence of a firm and consistent policy; the perceived conflict between population education and cultural values; the limited, sporadic financial support; the shortage of resources; poor attention to the importance of horizontal and vertical information transmission; and lack of coordination between agencies with population education programs. Future needs are for program expansion and a focus on groups at-risk, prominent policy support at the decision-making level, and teacher-training. Curriculum must be renewed periodically with a focus on its appropriateness for adolescents. Adolescent sexuality, contraception, and the spread of AIDS must be addressed, both formally and informally for those who are illiterate. Sustainability requires institutionalizing population education within the ministry of education with a stable budget and staff.     

双语教学在医学教学中的应用

双语教学非常适合在医学教学中运用。它是通过英语教授医学专业知识,用英语进行课堂学习之间的交流和互动的一种教学模式。教学过程中,与单纯的英语教学相比,用汉语介绍一些相关的背景知识,可以帮助学生理解教学内容,以降低学生在英语理解上的难度。另一方面,在每节课结束时让学生用英语对所学的内容进行总结发言更能激发他们学习的主动性,进而提高他们用英语来表达和交流医学专业知识的兴趣和水平。     

Bilingual education and student performance in Guatemala

Bilingual education is often seen as one means of improving the educational attainment of indigenous children in developing countries. This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the National Bilingual Education Program serving approximately one-third of the indigenous primary school students in Guatemala. Findings show that program inputs of teacher training and instructional materials have had a significant effect on student achievement and a slight positive effect on promotion, repetition and drop-out rates. The superior performance of boys over girls and a teacher-centered approach to instructional delivery suggest that improvements should be made before expansion of the program.     

Bilingual curriculum construction in business education for non-key universities in China

Weak effectiveness of bilingual education is an especially obvious phenomenon in non-key universities of China where students have poorer English ground and bilingual curriculums are unconstructive designed partly because of the scarcity of teaching resources. This paper discusses failures of these unconstructive curriculum systems from the view of cognitive learning and points out that just because of the lags in BICS and CALP of students in non-key universities, metacognitive process should be substantially considered and completely integrated in construction of bilingual curriculum system including aspects of bilingual allocation, subject design, bilingual arrangement and prepostive training. This paper takes International Business Specialty in non-key universities as an example and highly involves writer＇s teaching experiences.     

Bilingual education: A policy-based research agenda for the 1980s

This paper proposes a policy-based research agenda in the area of bilingual education. It is an agenda that is longitudinal in perspective, seeking to move beyond the short-term, ad hoc responses that have guided so much of what has been passed off as policy research. In posing this agenda, five criteria are offered as the framework within which policy research ought to be conducted. These are geographically bound versus dispersed populations, the time the population has been within the national boundaries, group politicization, the permanence or impermanence of the language minority group, and the perspective of the language minority group on assimilation versus pluralism. Having established the framework, the paper provides five policy areas where work might be accomplished that could directly bear on the policy process.The views expressed here are those of the author. No endorsement by the General Accounting Office or the U.S. Congress is intended or should be inferred.     

French immersion: Bilingual education and unilingual administration

By virtue of their organization, growth, and continued success, French immersion programs represent more than a second-language learning methodology; they are and ought to be recognized as programs of bilingual education. This means that their effectiveness ought to be measured by generally accepted criteria of educational effectiveness. These include, among other things, the degree of staff integration in the school culture and the quality of leadership provided by the school principal. But the majority of schools offering bilingual education programs are administered by unilingual or by theoretically bilingual administrators; this can deprive the French component of much needed leadership and create situations in which the level of ambiguity is high and the possibility of integration into the school culture is low. An effort to gradually ensure that bilingual education benefits from bilingual administration would be a step in the direction of recognizing the maturity of French immersion.     

Bilingual education in Ontario: Issues and directions

Conclusions The impact of the immersion phenomenon in Ontario has been striking and complex. This brief review of research on bilingual education and its relationship to a variety of language teaching settings has shown that the immersion experiment has produced several constructive side effects. First, it has caused the re-examination of first language teaching in regular English classrooms and it is now sparking a move toward increased contact between educators of French as a first language and French as a second language. Second, it has heightened parental interest and led to the increased involvement of parents in their children's education. Canadian Parents for French, a national association formed in 1977, grew directly out of the excitement and interest created by bilingual education programs in Canada. Along with increased parental involvement has come the realization that the school — whether it is francophone or anglophone — cannot be expected to go it alone, that support for French must be generated in the media and in the community.Two recent conferences have resulted in part from this realization:Apprenons en français/Learning in French held at Glendon College in June, 1978, and the OISE Conference on French Language Instruction, the proceedings of which make up this issue ofInterchange. These were landmark events, since never before in Ontario had educators and parents involved in French as a first language and French as a second language come together to share their problems, ideas and hopes. Such meetings could and should represent the beginning of a continuing dialogue.     

高校C语言课程开展双语教学模式的若干思考

双语教学模式在理工科专业课程中开展已成为主流,本文旨在指出C语言程序设计课程纯母语教学模式的不足之处,分析双语教学模式的现状及其与C语言课程结合的优势,探讨此模式的理论基础和教学方法等问题,尝试为高校计算机专业课程开展双语教学提供一些新的思路.     

双语教学与大学英语教学改革

我国高校的双语教学是以提高外语(主要是英语)水平为主的教育,其目标是培养大批能同时使用母语和英语进行交际的复合型专业人才。高校双语教学为打破大学英语教学的严重的应试倾向开辟了道路。要搞好双语教学,必须借鉴国外的成功经验,采用依托式教学模式。教师能用全英语讲授专业课,学生达到中等以上英语水平,是搞好双语教学必备的条件。     

学龄前聋儿双语教学评估报告

双语教学是近年来欧美一些国家兴起的聋儿教育新模式 ,我国也进行了该种模式的实验。目前对一所聋儿康复中心的双语实验班教学进行了评估。该评估立足于健听儿童的评估标准 ,采用质性与量化分析相结合 ,非正式过程性评估以及情境化和多元化的评估方式 ,在教育活动、儿童发展水平、教师教学水平等方面与某聋儿教育机构中相同背景的口语训练聋儿进行了比较性评估。评估结果表明 ,双语教学促进了聋儿交流能力的提高 ;教学活动效果突出 ;能使聋儿发展水平接近同龄健听儿童 ;聋人家庭聋儿的发展超过同龄健听家庭的聋儿。