产业聚集与环境污染-基于中国城市数据的空间计量分析

本文用中国2003-2012年285个地级及以上城市的数据,运用空间计量模型实证分析了产业聚集对环境污染的影响。空间自相关性检验表明,中国城市环境污染存在显著的全局空间自相关性和局部空间集聚效应。空间计量回归结果显示,产业聚集显著加剧了环境污染,表明当前中国产业聚集带来的环境负外部性大于环境正外部性;经济发展水平与环境污染之间存在“倒U”型曲线关系,验证了环境库兹涅茨曲线的存在。最后,提出聚集区改善环境污染的政策建议。     

基于不同层级排污单元的水污染负荷分配方法

如何体现不同层级排污单元主导分配原则的差异性,一直是污染负荷分配方法的研究热点。本文在行政单元–排污企业间建立了一种水污染负荷分配模型：采用熵值加权基尼系数法体现行政单元层面的公平性分配原则;采用排污绩效法体现排污企业层面的效率性分配原则。这种负荷分配方法,既体现了排污企业对环境资源公平使用和高效利用的特点,又兼顾了行政单元在环境保护与社会经济发展上的协调性。结合陕西省区域统计年鉴及西安市污染普查数据,针对渭河流域西安市人口众多、工业污染源集中、水资源严重短缺、水污染严重超标的现状,应用该模型进行负荷分配,取得现实可行的结果。该方法可为不同层级排污单元的水污染负荷分配问题提供参考。     

技术监测在科研管理中的应用—纳米技术监测

本文首先对技术监测方法进行了概述,进而分析了纳米技术相关信息的特点,指明技术监测方法可以很好的解决纳米技术管理问题,然后详细论述了纳米技术监测过程,并概要给出监测分析结果。     

The chemistry of the stratosphere and its pollution

In recent years, there has been growing concern about the possible consequences—for health and climate—of the depletion of the ozone in the atmosphere by the cumulative effects of aerosol propellents and the exhaust fumes of supersonic aircraft. This review shows that while the basic chemical reactions involved are relatively simple, the assessment of their consequences demands fuller knowledge of atmospheric processes and of the biological effects of prolonged exposure to intensified ultraviolet radiation.     

矿井主通风机在线监测监控系统研究

叙述了矿井主通风机在线监控系统的设计依据、原则及功能。     

Anthropogenic monoterpenes aggravating ozone pollution

Monoterpenes have been known to have a critical influence on air quality and climate change through their impact on the formation of fine particles. Here we present field evidence that monoterpene oxidations largely enhanced local ozone production in a regional site in eastern China. The observed monoterpene was most likely from biomass burning rather than biogenic emissions, as indicated by the high correlation with CO at night-time, and the observed ratio of these two species was consistent with previously determined values from biomass burning experiments. Fast monoterpene oxidations were determined experimentally based on direct radical measurements, leading to a daily ozone enhancement of 4–18 parts per billion by volume (ppb), which was 6%–16% of the total ozone production, depending on the speciation of monoterpenes. It demonstrates that the previously overlooked anthropogenic monoterpenes make an important contribution to O₃ production in eastern China. The role could possibly be important at similar locations across China and other parts of the world that are characterized by massive emissions, especially where there are high NO_x levels. Our results highlight that anthropogenic monoterpenes should be taken into account when proceeding with the coordinated mitigation of O₃ and particulate matter pollution.     

废电池的环境污染及防治

随着我国经济的高速发展和生活水平的迅速提高,各种类型电池的使用量和废弃量急剧增加。废电池是一种既具有一定资源化价值,又对生态环境和人体健康具有潜在威胁的、复杂的复合固体废物,其环境无害化管理和资源回收问题是国内外广泛关注的一个热点问题。但是,废电池种类很多,其对生态环境和人体健康的危害。以及再生利用的价值和可能性具有明显差别,     

化验室等场所汞污染的防治措施

目前还没有发现关于汞对实验室污染的实际性关注,为了防治使用汞或者是测汞等造成化验宣等类似场所被汞污染,提出实用的防治措施.     

财政分权、环境保护支出与雾霾污染

中国式分权带来经济增长奇迹的同时,带来的雾霾污染问题也引发利益相关者的高度关注,考究中国式分权、环境保护支出对雾霾污染的作用机理,可以为中国城市雾霾治理提供决策参考。本文利用2008—2015年中国73个重点监测城市的面板数据,使用静态模型和动态模型实证检验财政分权、环境保护支出对雾霾污染的影响,研究发现：①无论是财政支出分权、还是收入分权亦或是财政自由度均与雾霾污染呈显著正相关,环境保护支出与雾霾污染呈显著负相关;②财政分权与环境保护支出交互项与雾霾污染呈显著负相关,交互项系数远小于财政分权系数;③经济发展程度与雾霾污染并未呈现出“倒U型”关系,外商直接投资与雾霾污染呈显著正相关。基于此提出：完善地方政府环境考核体系,建立官员终身追责制度;规范地方政府间竞争,改革环境预算软约束问题;推进财政分权体制改革,加快产业结构升级的政策建议。     

农用地膜对土壤的污染及其防治

随着地膜覆盖栽培年限的延长,农用地膜大量残留于土壤中,地膜分解速度非常慢,加上残膜的回收率低,土壤中残膜不断增加,造成土壤的污染,导致农作物的产量下降。本文通过对农用地膜污染现状、存在问题的分析,指出残膜对环境和农作物产生的危害,提出了回收残膜、治理污染对策和措施。     

Research project supports water pollution control

Coordinated by the CAS Institute of Hydrobiology(IHB) in Wuhan, a research consortium has completed a key project on remediation of polluted water bodies.