Evaluation of preanalytical and postanalytical phases in clinical biochemistry laboratory according to IFCC laboratory errors and patient safety specifications

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to determine the current state of laboratory’s extra-analytical phase performance by calculating preanalytical and postanalytical phase quality indicators (QIs) and sigma values and to compare obtained data according to desired quality specifications and sigma values reported by The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Working Group – Laboratory errors and Patient Safety.Materials and methodsPreanalytical and postanalytical phase data were obtained through laboratory information system. Rejected samples in preanalytical phase were grouped according to reasons for rejection and frequencies were calculated both monthly and for 2019. Sigma values were calculated according to “short term sigma” table.ResultsThe number of rejected samples in laboratory was 643 out of 191,831 in 2019. Total preanalytical phase rejection frequency was 0.22%. According to the reasons for rejection, QIs and sigma values were: “Samples with excessive transportation time”: 0.0036 and 5.47; “Samples collected in wrong container” 0.02 and 5.11. In December, QIs and sigma values were: “Samples with excessive transportation time”: 0.01 and 5.34; “Samples collected in wrong container”: 0.03 and 4.98. The postanalytical QIs and sigma values were: “Reports delivered outside the specified time”: 0.34 and 4.21; “Turn around time of potassium”: 56 minute and 3.84, respectively. There were no errors in “Critical values of inpatients and outpatients notified after a consensually agreed time”.ConclusionsExtra-analytical phase was evaluated by comparing it with the latest quality specifications and sigma values which will contribute to improving the quality of laboratory medicine.     

对基础研究的一些认识

2001年,中国经历了15年谈判,加入了基本上已由先入为主者制定了游戏规则的世界贸易组织,带着背水而战、志在必得的豪情,我国民族工业多么需要建立在自主知识产权基础上的支柱产业!我国自然科学多么需要对人类历史发展做出真正的创新贡献!然而,为何多年来我国自然科学基础研究在种种“重视”、“稳定”的提法下举步维艰,许多深层次的问题令人担忧!完成人类基因组1%和水稻全基因组的测序,确是值得称道的成绩。同时要清醒看到,所用的自动测序机器全系舶来,还不必提及所用原理。研制出每秒万亿次以上浮点运算的大型并行处理系统,当然是重大科研…     

科学技术创新与千年发展目标——联合国千年研究项目TF10工作简介及启示

在 2 0 0 0年 9月的联合国千年首脑会议上 ,世界各国领导人提出了千年发展目标 (MDGs)。为了实现MDGs,联合国设立了千年项目 (TheMillenniumProject) ,分析实现MDGs的政策选择 ,提出实施措施的设想。中国正式参加了其中的第十个研究组 (科学技术和创新研究组 ,TF10 )。本文详细介绍TF10的工作 ,并简要说明了其对中国科技政策研究及国际科技交流的意义     

My avatar,my self: Virtual harm and attachment

Multi-user online environments involve millions of participants world-wide. In these online communities participants can use their online personas – avatars – to chat, fight, make friends, have sex, kill monsters and even get married. Unfortunately participants can also use their avatars to stalk, kill, sexually assault, steal from and torture each other. Despite attempts to minimise the likelihood of interpersonal virtual harm, programmers cannot remove all possibility of online deviant behaviour. Participants are often greatly distressed when their avatars are harmed by other participants’ malicious actions, yet there is a tendency in the literature on this topic to dismiss such distress as evidence of too great an involvement in and identification with the online character. In this paper I argue that this dismissal of virtual harm is based on a set of false assumptions about the nature of avatar attachment and its relation to genuine moral harm. I argue that we cannot dismiss avatar attachment as morally insignificant without being forced to also dismiss other, more acceptable, forms of attachment such as attachment to possessions, people and cultural objects and communities. Arguments against according moral significance to virtual harm fail because they do not reflect participants’ and programmers’ experiences and expectations of virtual communities and they have the unintended consequence of failing to grant significance to attachments that we take for granted, morally speaking. Avatar attachment is expressive of identity and self-conception and should therefore be accorded the moral significance we give to real-life attachments that play a similar role. A shorter version of this paper was presented at the Cyberspace 2005 Conference at Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic     

关于促进我国科学事业发展的思考

建国以来,我国科学事业从小到大,培养了一支宏大的、比较齐全的科学研究队伍,取得了一系列有影响的成就。但是,由于历史的和社会的原因,中国科学水平与世界科学先进水平仍有不小的差距。在国际上颇具影响的、反映基础研究水平的检索工具《ＳＣＩ》中,我国被收录的论文数仅居世界第１５位,而被收录的我国期刊的“影响因子”也低于平均水平。目前我国正处于实施科教兴国战略和可持续发展战略,深入推进“稳住一头,放开一片”科技体制改革之际,总结导致这种差距的主观和客观因素,对于制定政策,促进我国科学事业的迅速发展,具有十分…     

关于教育目的价值取向的若干思考

在教育基本理论问题中,关于教育目的的价值取向问题一直颇有争议。个人本位、社会本位以及介于两者之间的中间形式是教育目的的三种主要的价值取向,但人们对它们的评价不一。本文从它们产生的时代背景、马克思主义哲学、孔子的中庸思想等角度对其进行梳理和评价,以期对未来教育目的的确立有所启示,为教育目的的确立提供重要的经验和教训。     

Indicators and outcomes of Canadian university research: Proxies becoming goals?

This paper analyzes Canadian Government attempts to encourage and measure commercialization of university knowledge for socio-economic improvement. Universities are regarded as major, insufficiently exploited, repositories of knowledge. Here, paths by which knowledge can be transferred across institutional boundaries, and various input and output/outcome measures are identified. Available Canadian data are evaluated and a detailed quantitative and qualitative study of one institution is presented. Three key issues emerge: (1) current proxies focus on licensing and spin-off, and do not measure several important paths of knowledge flow; (2) most readily available proxies are derived from aggregate data and are inadequate to fully reflect the idiosyncratic and path-dependent nature of innovation; (3) if the goals and incentives of the actors in the ‘triple helix’ are skewed or misinterpreted by indicators, universities and firms may engage in counterproductive activities. We propose additional indicators that might help to prevent one measurable dimension from becoming the policy driver to the detriment of the overall goals.     

测量不确定度在我区科技工作中的作用

本文主要探讨测量不确定在我区科技工作中的作用，旨在提醒大家对测量不确定度的重视，从而区分测量不确定度与误差的区别。     

科技机构转制的微观政策目标分析

本文提出了衡量科技机构运行的六个系统识别要素及要素间的依存关系，在此基础上分析了导致科技机构转制的微观政策目标和推动转制的政策演变过程，提出了在转制阶段和转制完成后新的政策着眼点和政策目标。     

刍议西藏经济社会与生态建设和谐发展

通过对西藏生态环境建设概况的分析，从加强法制建设，加大环境管理与法律法规执行的力度，加快自然保护区建设，积极进行生态示范区建设和加强野生动植物保护等方案，提出加强西藏生态环境建设与构建和谐社会的主要措施。     

高新技术产业自有技术成份测度研究

从高新技术产业自有技术成份的概念入手,在界定自有技术内涵的基础上,提出自有技术成份的测度指标,为准确反映高新技术产业中自有技术的现实情况、定量研究高新技术产业的自主创新问题提出了一种新的思路和方法.     

基于可持续发展目标的海洋资源综合立法

可持续发展作为资源开发的关键要素,已成为海洋发展战略与综合立法的重要内容;但少有基于可持续发展目标、以海洋资源开发为主题的海洋综合立法研究.本文通过拓展可持续发展理念内涵、明晰中国海洋综合立法的主要内部矛盾与外部影响因素,探索群落与可持续发展进程对海洋管理模式的影响,以及比较分析典型国家的海洋综合立法.研究发现:①基于...     

Analyzing youth digital participation: Aims,actors, contexts and intensities

Participation is often used as a blanket term that is uncritically celebrated; this is particularly true in the case of youth digital participation. In this article, we propose a youth-focused analytical framework, applicable to a wide variety of youth digital participation projects, which can help facilitate a more nuanced understanding of these participatory practices. This framework analyzes the aims envisioned for youth participation, the actors and contexts of these activities, and the variable levels of participatory intensity, in order to more accurately assess the forms and outcomes of youth digital participation. We demonstrate the value of this framework by applying it to two contemporary cases of digital youth participation: an informal online community (Nerdfighters) and a formalized educational initiative (CyberPatriot). Such analyses facilitate normative assessments of youth digital participation, which enable us to better assess what participation is good for, and for whom.     

浅析我国企业理财目标的合理选择

本文分析了当前较有代表性的利润最大化、股东财富最大化和企业价值最大化三种理财目标的不足,指出在我国构建和谐社会的进程中,企业要善于运用科学发展观确定最佳的目标,当前我国企业理财目标的合理选择应是利益相关者价值最大化。     

论国家科技发展目标影响下的科学技术活动

国家科技发展目标影响一个国家包括大学研究开发在内的科技活动。讨论改革开放以来我国科技发展的国家目标的变化,分析现代科学技术发展强调国家目标的原因和科学技术活动自身的特点对国家目标的有效性的影响,探讨国家目标对科技活动的双重影响,认为国家科技发展目标的制定和实施也要处理好政府和市场的关系。对于包括大学研究开发在内的科学技术活动来说,除了近市场的技术创新活动需要充分发挥市场的导向作用之外,不与市场接轨、具有溢出效应和公共产品特征、需要政府干预的科学领域还要处理好政府干预与科学技术自身的发展规律、大学自身特点的关系。     

关于减持国有股问题的思考

我国上市公司国有股比重过高,在一定程度上沿袭了国有企业低效率,不健全的委托代理关系,股权对公司的控制处于“双失效”状态,减持国有股,既有利于形成产权制衡机制,提高股市功能的层次,又有利于实施国有经济的战略重组,提高国民经济的整体效率,在国有股上市流通条件尚不充分的情况下,必须采用多渠道分析段的为降低国有股比重,以保持社会经济的稳定与股票市场的发展,顺利实现减持国有股的目标。