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1.
基于波纹板表面与液膜之间的表面张力作用能减薄液膜厚度而强化传热的机理,建立了竖直波纹板表面的凝结过程的数学模型.计算了波纹板对应于当量平板的凝结传热增强系数.分析了波纹的主要几何参数如波纹节距、波纹板高度、波纹角、波纹倾斜角、波纹圆角半径等对强化传热的影响效应以指导波纹结构的优化.提出了一种能兼顾强化传热效果和适当的流动截面积的双尺度波纹,其凝结传热系数可比当量平板增强1~2倍.  相似文献   

2.
Heat transfer between gas-solid multiphase flow and tubes occurs in many industry processes, such as circulating fluidized bed process, pneumatic conveying process, chemical process, drying process, etc. This paper focuses on the influence of the presence of particles on the heat transfer between a tube and gas-solid suspension. The presence of particles causes positive enhancement of heat transfer in the case of high solid loading ratio, but heat transfer reduction has been found for in the case of very low solid loading ratio (M s of less than 0.05 kg/kg). A useful correlation incorporating solid loading ratio, particle size and flow Reynolds number was derived from experimental data. In addition, thek-∈ two-equation model and the Fluctuation-Spectrum-Random-Trajectory Model (FSRT Model) are used to simulate the flow field and heat transfer of the gasphase and the solid-phase, respectively. Through coupling of the two phases the model can predict the local and total heat transfer characteristics of tube in gas-solid cross flow. For the total heat transfer enhancement due to particles loading the model predictions agreed well with experimental data. Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 50025618)  相似文献   

3.
以水一水换热为实验对象,研究了螺旋隔板单管换热器的传热与流阻性能。实验结果表明,在相同的Re值下,螺旋隔板花瓣管单管换热器的壳程传热准数Nu是螺旋隔板光滑管单管换热器的2—4倍,压降只是它的1.4—1.8倍,证明花瓣管具有十分优越的强化传热性能,其与螺旋隔板搭配构成的换热器具有良好的传热与压降性能。在实验范围内,花瓣管翅片高度的增加、翅间距的减少都有利于传热强化性能的提高。  相似文献   

4.
INTRODUCTION In recent years, the subject of free convection flow has attracted the attention of a number of scholars because of its possible applications to several geophysical problems. In view of these applications, a series of investigations were made to study the flow past a vertical wall. Transpiration cooling can very effectively pro-tect certain structural elements in turbojet and rocket engines, like combustion chamber walls, exhaust nozzles or gas turbine blades from hot gases. …  相似文献   

5.
Arrangement strategy of ground heat exchanger with groundwater   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
The orientation strategy of side pipe and the heat transfer performance of six ground heat exchangers(GHEs) were optimized by numerical simulation,with soil being treated as a porous medium.An experiment on the heat transfer of four GHEs was carried out in 2010.Results indicate that the velocity field is disturbed by GHEs.The optimal orientation strategy of side pipe is that the upward pipe is located upstream and the downward pipe downstream.The space between GHEs should be appropriately adjusted,depending on the direction and flow velocity.Groups of GHEs should be installed perpendicular to the mainstream in a single row,but if the acreage does not meet the requirements,GHEs should be installed in staggered multiple rows.Fewer GHEs parallel to the mainstream strengthen the heat transfer.Moreover,numerical results agree well with the test data,with the maximum relative error being less than 7.7%.  相似文献   

6.
An exact analytical solution is obtained for convective heat transfer in straight ducts with rectangular cross-sections for the first time. This solution is valid for both H1 and H2 boundary conditions, which are related to fully developed convective heat transfer under constant heat flux at the duct walls. The separation of variables method and various other mathematical techniques are used to find the closed form of the temperature distribution. The local and mean Nusselt numbers are also obtained as functions of the aspect ratio. A new physical constraint is presented to solve the Neumann problem in non-dimensional analysis for the H2 boundary conditions. This is one of the major innovations of the current study. The analytical results indicate a singularity occurs at a critical aspect ratio of 2.4912 when calculating the local and mean Nusselt numbers.  相似文献   

7.
Experiments of saturated water flow and heat transfer were conducted for a meter-scale model of regularly fractured granite. The fractured rock model (height 1502.5 mm, width 904 mm, and thickness 300 mm), embedded with two vertical and two horizontal fractures of pre-set apertures, was constructed using 18 pieces of intact granite. The granite was taken from a site currently being investigated for a high-level nuclear waste repository in China. The experiments involved different heat source temperatures and vertical water fluxes in the embedded fractures either open or filled with sand. A finite difference scheme and computer code for calculation of water flow and heat transfer in regularly fractured rocks was developed, verified against both the experimental data and calculations from the TOUGH2 code, and employed for parametric sensitivity analyses. The experiments revealed that, among other things, the temperature distribution was influenced by water flow in the fractures, especially the water flow in the vertical fracture adjacent to the heat source, and that the heat conduction between the neighboring rock blocks in the model with sand-filled fractures was enhanced by the sand, with larger range of influence of the heat source and longer time for approaching asymptotic steady-state than those of the model with open fractures. The temperatures from the experiments were in general slightly smaller than those from the numerical calculations, probably due to the fact that a certain amount of outward heat transfer at the model perimeter was unavoidable in the experiments. The parametric sensitivity analyses indicated that the temperature distribution was highly sensitive to water flow in the fractures, and the water temperature in the vertical fracture adjacent to the heat source was rather insensitive to water flow in other fractures.  相似文献   

8.
研究垂直管内两不互溶液体——正戊烷 -水系统的直接接触传热 ,管内易汽化的液体从管底用氮气压入形成分散泡滴 ,不易汽化的连续相液体在加热到一定温度后 ,以并流形式流过 .在考虑气泡被连续相流体破碎的情况下 ,借助于平均体积传热系数模型 ,在理论分析基础上通过实验研究建立了单个气泡的传热系数模型 ,模型参数有较好的关联性  相似文献   

9.
In this paper, we present a two-dimensional numerical analysis of the conjugate natural convection and radiation heat transfer in a double-space enclosure with two semitransparent walls. Two kinds of boundary conditions are considered, the first being the isothermal process of the opaque wall, and the other the incidence of a constant radiation flux in the left semitransparent wall. The renormalization group k – ε model is adopted to simulate the turbulent flow in the enclosure. To compute the radiation heat transfer in a semitransparent medium, the discrete ordinates model is used. We compare the behaviors of enclosures with single and double semitransparent walls and determine the difference in the results obtained for semitransparent and opaque partitions. The results indicate that a semitransparent partition facilitates a reduction in the heat loss or obtains a higher temperature distribution. The transmittance of a semitransparent wall has a great effect on the thermal and flow characteristics in an enclosure. The change of wall temperature is found to be significant when the thermal conductivity values range from 0.05 to 0.5 W/(m·K), and to be small when ranging from 0.5 to 10 W/(m·K). These conclusions are helpful for green design and energy saving in solar buildings.  相似文献   

10.
Review articles     

The Essential Grammar School. By H. A. Rée. Pp. 86. London: Harrap, 1956. 7s. 6d.

Secondary Modern. By Harold Loukes. Pp. 127. London: Harrap, 1956. 7s. 6d.

Comprehensive Education: A New Approach. By Robin Pedley. Pp. 203. London: Gollancz, 1956. 13s. 6d.

A Design for Democracy. Adult Education Association of the U.S.A., Canadian Association for Adult Education, and National Institute of Adult Education. Pp. 222. London: Max Parrish, 1956. 15s.

Adult Education in Transition: a study of institutional insecurity. By Burton R. Clarke. Pp. vi + [160]. University of California Press, 1956. 3 dollars.

Adult Reading. The 55th Year Book of the National Society for the Study of Education. Part II. Edited by Nelson B. Henry. Pp. x+279+lxxxiv. University of Chicago Press, 1956.

The Tear Book of Education 1956. Edited by Robert King Hall and J. A. Lauwerys. Pp. xii +595. London: Evans Bros., 1956. 63s.

The Imperial Intellect: A Study of Newman's Educational Ideal. By A. Dwight Culler. Pp. xiii, 327. Yale University Press; London, Cumberlege, 1956. 40s.

John Henry Newman: Autobiographical Writings. Edited by Henry Tristram. Pp. xi, 338. London: Sheed and Ward, 1956. 18s.

The Education of Toung Children. By D. E. M. Gardner. Pp. 118. London: Methuen, 1956. 7s. 6d.

Labour and Learning. By H. P. Smith. Pp. 92. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1956. 7s. 6d.

Pioneers of Popular Education, 1760–1850. By H. M. Pollard. Pp. ix+297. London: Murray, 1956. 28s.

Language and the Pursuit of Truth. By John Wilson. Pp. 105. Cambridge University Press, 1956. 8s 6d.

The Pronunciation of English. By Daniel Jones. Pp. xiv + 221. Cambridge University Press, 1956. 12s. 6d.

A Handwriting Manual. By Alfred Fairbank. Pp. 84 & 31 plates. London: Faber & Faber, 1956. 15s.

The Calligrapher's Handbook. Edited by C. M. Lamb. Pp. 252 & 50 plates. London: Faber & Faber, 1956. 30s.

The Child''s Conception of Space. By Jean Piaget and Baerbel Inhelder. Translated from the French by F. J. Langdon and J. L. Lunzer. Pp. 490. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1956.

Some Observations on American Education. By Robert M. Hutchins. Pp. xiii, 112. Cambridge University Press, 1956. 15s.

A History of American Education. By H. G. Good. Pp. vii, 570. New York and London: The Macmillan Company, 1956. 42s.  相似文献   

11.
This study investigated the heat transfer and flow characteristics of one kind of swirlgenerator in a circular heat exchanger tube through a numericalsimulation. The swirlflow induced by this type of swirlgenerator can obtain a high heat transfer rate with minimalpressure drop penalty. The simulations were carried out to understand the physicalbehavior of this kind of mesoscale heat enhancement component. By visualizing the heat transfer and flow characteristics, it is found that the swirlflow is induced by swirlgenerator in the circular tube couples with the impinging jet effect. After passing through the swirlgenerator, the localfriction factor of liquid can quickly return to lower levelmore quickly, while the localNusselt number maintains higher values for a distance; thus, the evaluation criterion of localperformance is improved. Single-factor optimization is used for three geometric parameters, i.e., the angle of swirlgenerator(25o, 45o, and 60o), the length of swirlgenerator(0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 m), and the center rod radius(1, 2, and 3 mm). The optimum parameters of the swirlgenerator for laminar flow of air in a circular tube are obtained, which should be 60o, 0.005 m, and 3 mm, respectively.  相似文献   

12.
Jiang  Feng  Jiang  Teng  Qi  Guopeng  Li  Xiulun 《天津大学学报(英文版)》2019,25(3):201-213
A circulating fluidized bed evaporator(including down-flow, horizontal, and up-flow beds) was constructed to study the effect of flow directions on multiphase flow boiling heat transfer. A range of experimental investigations were carried out by varying amount of added particles(0-2%), circulation flow rate(2.15-5.16 m~3/h) and heat flux(8-16 kW/m~2). The comparison of heat transfer performance in different vertical heights of the horizontal bed was also discussed. Results reveal that the glass bead particle can enhance heat transfer compared with vapor-liquid two-phase flow for all beds. At a low heat flux(q = 8 kW/m), the heat-transfer-enhancing factor of the horizontal bed is obviously greater than those of the up-flow and down-flow beds. With the increase in the amount of added particles, the heat-transfer-enhancing factors of the up-flow and down-flow beds increase, whereas that of the horizontal bed initially increases and then decreases. However, at a high heat flux(q=16 kW/m), the heat-transfer-enhancing factors of the three beds show an increasing tendency with the increase in the amount of added particles and become closer than those at a low heat flux. For all beds, the heat-transfer-enhancing factor generally increases with the circulation flow rate but decreases with the increase in heat flux.  相似文献   

13.
介绍了一种用于强化管壳式换热器壳侧传热和支撑管束的螺旋折流片新型结构,该结构是对换热器管子相间地套上螺旋折流片以产生旋涡流动.研究模型是在正方形布置的4个管子中的2个对角管子套上螺旋折流片后形成的通道,利用FLUENT软件对该上述四管通道模型的流场和温度分布情况进行了数值模拟;分析了四管通道模型中螺旋折流片对强化传热和流动阻力随雷诺数的变化关系的影响.算例结果显示该新型结构可比相同尺寸的光管通道中的情形传热系数提高约40%~55%,同时也将伴随较高的流动阻力.可以相信螺旋折流片式换热器将会在许多工业领域有良好的应用前景.  相似文献   

14.
We describe, discuss and illustrate a metaphoric parallel between the history of the most famous Spanish liqueur, “Anís del Mono” (Anís of the Monkey), and the evolution of living organisms in the light of Darwinian theory and other biological hypotheses published subsequent to Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species. Also, we report the use of a caricature of a simian Darwin with a positive connotation, perhaps the only one ever produced. We conclude that, like some species in the natural world, Anís of the Monkey has evolved, adapted, survived and become the fittest and most successful anís in the Spanish market and possibly the world. We hope this paper will contribute a new useful metaphor for the teaching of biological evolution.  相似文献   

15.

The Economics of Education. By J. Vaizey. Pp. 165. Faber and Faber, 1962. 21s.

Education for the Professions. Edited by Nelson B. Henry. The 61st Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Part II. Pp. xi, 312, cvii. University of Chicago Press, 1962. $4.50.

American Higher Education: A Documentary History. By Richard Hofstadter and Wilson Smith. Two vols., pp. xv+474, viii + 542. University of Chicago Press, 1962. $15.00.

Ability and Educational Opportunity. Edited by A. H. Halsey. Pp. an. London: H.M. Stationery Office (for O.E.C.D.), 1962. 15s.

Medicine—A Lifelong Study. (Proceedings of the Second World Conference on Medical Education, Chicago, 1959.) Edited by Hugh Clegg, B.M.J., London. Pp. XX+816. New York and London: World Medical Association, 1961. £6.18s.od.

Learning and Living, 1790–1960. By J. F. C. Harrison. Pp. 404. London: Routledge &; Kegan Paul, 1961. 45s.

University Adult Education. By Renee and William Petersen, and Warren Rovetch. Pp. 288. New York: Harper, 1961. $5.50.

The Inquiring Mind. By C. O. Houle. Pp. 88. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1961. $5, and (paper) $1.50.

Parent Education—an International Survey. By H. H. Stern. Pp. 164. University of Hull and Unesco Institute for Education, 1961. 6s. (paper).

The Growth of Basic Mathematical and Scientific Concepts in Children. By K. Lovell. Pp. 154. University of London Press, 1962. 15s.

On Teaching Mathematics. By B. Thwaites. Pp. 116. London: Pergamon Press, 1962. 7s. 6d.

Popular Lectures in Mathematics. Parts 2, 4, 5, 6. About 75 pp each. London: Pergamon Press, 1962. 10s. each.

Philosophy and Education. By Louis Arnaud Reid. Pp. xvi, 203. London: Heinemann, 1962. 25s.

Modern Philosophies of Education (Third Edition). By John S. Brubacher. Pp. ix, 373. New York and London: McGraw‐Hill, 1962. 52s. 6d.

An Introduction to the Sociology of Education. By Karl Mannheim and W. A. C. Stewart. Pp. xyiii, 187. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962. 21s.

Sociometry and Education. By K. M. Evans. Pp. vii, 149. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962. 18s.  相似文献   

16.
INTRODUCTION DSP-based parallel system is a kind of high- performance parallel computer which uses parallel accelerating boards based on SHARC DSP chip (Kuo and Gan, 2005) as plug-in boards and inserts them into the military reinforcing computer, military fault-tolerant computer, even the personal computer. The parallel accelerating board based on SHARC DSP is a high-performance parallel processing board-level product developed by the Wuhan Digital Engineering Institute and is su…  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT

This special issue of Learning, Media and Technology contributes to a growing need, not only for critical accounts of digital education that resist the global, but also for a more diverse representation of the multiplicitous practices of teaching and learning with technology across the globe. It builds on important work that has examined open education initiatives in the Global South [Arinto, P. B., C. Hodgkinson-Williams, and H. Trotter. 2017. "OER and OEP in the Global South: Implications and Recommendations for Social Inclusion." Adoption and Impact of OER in the Global South, 577–592] and highlighted ‘missing voices’ in educational technology development [Davis, R. 2015. The Missing Voices in EdTech: Bringing Diversity into EdTech. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press]. It is through such critical enquiry that research can continue to cut through the discursive regimes of simplistic disruption and enhancement from a pervasive education technology industry. This means aligning research in this area, less with grand narratives that portray digital education as an external and universal force capable of radical transformation, and more with accounts that acknowledge an already-present political economy of educational technology, in which specific devices and applications succumb to everyday practices of negotiation, consumption, and resistance, particular to the contexts in which they manifest.  相似文献   

18.
Gjesme, Torgrim (1971). Motive to Achieve Success and Motive to Avoid Failure in Relation to School Performance for Pupils of Different Ability Levels. Scand. J. educ. Res. 00, 81‐99. Subjective probability of success (Ps) has been a neglected factor in studies regarding the relationships between achievement‐related motives and performance. Taking this factor into account, we expected that in a traditional classroom in which ability is heterogeneous, only pupils of average ability would have their achievement‐related motives aroused. The very bright pupil would not have his motives aroused, while the dull one would have his motive to avoid failure (Mf) aroused, but not his motive to achieve success (M,). The pattern of our results was in consonance with the hypotheses for boys in 7th grade.

  相似文献   

19.
The effective exploitation of the applicable resources in the Higher Education (H.E.) Sector of the European Community has been accepted as a major factor for future economic prosperity. Member States have, however, to‐date, not obtained the optimal benefit from these resources, as, inter alia, their commercialization and marketing have not been effectively implemented. It has also been recognized that strong and efficient transnational linkages, bringing together research expertise throughout the Community, are essential if the challenges from Japan and the United States are to be met on world markets. The identification and removal of the impediments inhibiting beneficial academic technology transfer are therefore fundamental pre‐requisites for successful utilization and exploitation. Some of the perceived impediments can be categorized as: Basic ‐‐ impediments common to Member States, including the mental/attitudinal gap between the H.E. and the Industrial Sectors; Institutional ‐‐ basic impediments in academic institutions, in particular, the absence of factors needed to generate the required environment for beneficial technology transfer; Industrial ‐‐ impediments, such as the inability to identify the actual needs of Industry; Governmental ‐‐ impediments arising from a lack of assessment of governmental policies, i.e. the ownership of publicly funded research results. The removal of impediments will require empirical studies on their causes, a task which will entail the services of staff trained and experienced in all aspects of academic technology transfer. It will also necessitate cultural and organizational changes both in the H.E. and the Industrial Sectors.  相似文献   

20.
Reviews     
Year Book of Education 1966. Church and State in Education. Edited by G. Z. F. Bereday and J. A. Lauwerys. Pp. xiv, 386. London: Evans, 1966. 70s.

Education and Society in Tudor England. By Joan Simon. Pp. xi, 451. Cambridge University Press, 1966. 70s.

Problems in Education and Philosophy. By Charles J. Brauner and Robert W. Burns. Pp. 165. London: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1965. Cloth, 40s. Paper, 18s.

The Meaning of Education. By Stephen Ross. Pp. 112. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1966.

Freedom and Education. Edited by Helen Huus. Fifty‐first Annual Schoolmen's Week Proceedings. Pp. 274. University of Pennsylvania Press. London: Oxford University Press, 1965. 30s.

Christianity in Education. By F. H. Hilliard, Desmond Lee, Gordon Rupp, W. R. Niblett. The Hibbert Lectures 1965. Pp. III. London: Allen & Unwin, 1966, 18s.

Religious Education, 1944–1984. Edited by A. G. Wedderspoon. Pp. 238. London: Allen & Unwin, 1966. 12s. 6d.

The State and Boarding Education: A Factual Report. By Royston Lambert. Pp. 96. London: Methuen, 1966. 9s. 6d.

Education and the Labour Movement, 1870–1920. By Brian Simon. Pp. 387. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1965. 50s.

The Rise of the Technocrats: a Social History. By W. H. G. Armytage. Pp. viii, 448. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965. 56s.

The Manchester Grammar School, 1515–1965. Edited by J. A. Graham and B. A. Phythian. Pp. ix, 202. Manchester University Press, 1965. 21s.

Princes in the Making: A Study of Royal Education. By Morris Marples. Pp. 212. London: Faber and Faber, 1965. 28s.

Examinations: An Account of Their Evolution as Administrative Devices in England. By R. J. Montgomery. Pp. xiii, 303. London: Longmans, 1965. 35s.

Down Stream: Failure in the Grammar School. By R, R. Dale and S. Griffith.. Pp. x, 97. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966. 20s.

Education in Edinburgh in the Eighteenth Century. By Alexander Law. Pp. 239. London: University of London Press, 1965. 30s.

Education in Stirlingshire: from the Reformation to the Act of 1872. By Andrew Bain. Pp. 300. University of London Press, for the Scottish Council for Research in Education, 1965. 30s.

Education in Ireland. By T. J. McElligott. Pp. viii, 201. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 1966. 33s.

The Genius of American Education. By Lawrence A. Cremin. Pp. 122. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1965. $2.

Essays on Education in the Early Republic. Edited by Frederick Rudolph. Pp. xxv, 389. Harvard University Press. London: Oxford University Press, 1966. 56s.

The Emergence of the American University. By Laurence R. Veysey. Pp. xiv, 505. University of Chicago Press, 1966. $10.

The Superior Student in American Higher Education. By J. W. Cohen. Pp. xxiv, 299. New York: McGraw‐Hill Book Company. $7.95.

The Educated Woman in America. Selected Writings of Catherine Beecher, Margaret Fuller and M. Carey Thomas. Edited by Barbara M. Cross. Pp. viii, 175. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1965. $1.95 paperback.

Teacher Education in America: A Documentary History. Edited by Professor Merle L. Borrowman. Pp. 251. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1965. $1.95.

The Technical Institute. By Maurice Graney. Pp. 118. London: Prentice‐Hall International, 1965. 365.

John F. Kennedy on Education. Selected and edited by William T. O'Hara, with a foreword by Congressman John Brademas. Pp. xiv, 305. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1966. $6.50.

The Historian's Contribution to Anglo‐American Misunderstanding. Report of a Committee on National Bias in Anglo‐American History Text Books. By Ray Allen Billington, with the collaboration of C. P. Hill, Angus J. Johnston II, C. L. Mowat and Charles F. Mallett. Pp. xv, 118. London: Rout‐ledge & Kegan Paul, 1966. 18s.

The German Historical School in American Scholarship: A Study in the Transfer of Culture. By Jurgen Herbst. Pp. xvii, 262. Cornell University Press. London: Oxford University Press, 1965. 46s.

Festschrift zur Eröffnung der Universität Bochum. Edited by H. Wenke and J. H. Knoll. Pp. 394. Bochum: Verlag F. Kamp, 1965. Dm.38.

Education and Social Change in Ghana. By Philip J. Foster. Pp. xii, 322. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965. 36s.

Learning Through Group Experience. By A. K. C. Ottaway. Pp. viii, 168. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1966. 25s.

Experiment and Tradition in Primary Schools. By D. E. M. Gardner. Pp. 211. London: Methuen, 1966. 27s. 6d.

Introducing the Younger Woman. By W. R. Page. Pp. xii, 212. Cambridge University Press, 1965. 30s.  相似文献   

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