3—6岁幼儿家庭亲子冲突的现状及其处理策略

本研究运用问卷调查法,对广州市3—6岁幼儿家庭亲子冲突的现状及其处理策略进行考察。结果发现,幼儿家庭亲子冲突以语言冲突和情绪冲突为主,并主要集中在幼儿的学习与行为习惯上;母亲与幼儿冲突的发生水平高于父亲;男孩与父亲的身体冲突显著地多于女孩;随着幼儿年龄的增加,父母与幼儿在学习习惯上的冲突频率与强度逐渐增强。在处理策略上,父母多采用协商策略,幼儿多采用回避与妥协策略;母亲比父亲更容易采取妥协策略;父亲倾向于对女儿采取妥协和协商策略。为改善亲子互动,父母应加强对亲子冲突功能的认识,尊重幼儿合理需要和独立人格,引导幼儿自我表达,形成稳定的家庭行为与交往规则,建立有效的亲子冲突处理机制。     

Teachers' views of forgiveness for the resolution of conflicts between students in school

This study investigated teachers' views of forgiveness and institutional pardon for conflict resolution at schools. We asked, "Should teachers endorse student resolution of interpersonal conflicts at school by asking for forgiveness and forgiving?" "Considering that students' conflict led to behaviours that violated norms in the school, should schools pardon students' misconduct if students effectively used forgiveness for interpersonal conflict resolution?" Finally, "Is an internal and autonomous orientation for forgiveness related to social harmony or interpersonal ethics of care?" Fifty-three participants answered a background information questionnaire and two dilemmas. Findings showed that teachers endorse forgiveness as social expectation, a humanitarian, moral response to conflicts at conventional levels. Teachers do not endorse institutional pardon because they do not perceive forgiveness as being related to resolving social issues. Opposition to forgiveness and pardon was supported by authoritarian, discipli narian views of education.     

“狼”与“狗”之间的转化:进化还是退化?

杰克·伦敦是美国杰出的批判现实主义作家,被誉为"美国无产阶级文学之父"。但他不是一位真正的无产阶级作家,因为他在接受马克思主义的同时,也接受了达尔文的进化论、斯宾塞的社会进化论和尼采的"超人"哲学。世界观的矛盾和思想的撞击充分体现在他的两部动物小说《野性的呼唤》和《白牙》中。     

曹丕：个性和社会角色的冲突及对创作的影响

陈祚明等评论家一致认为曹丕的作品具有阴柔之美。但是，为什么会有这种风格？为什么他登基后再没有能“移人”的作品出现？人们却没有作进一步的研究。本文试图从曹丕在家庭中的处境、他的政治表现等方面，运用心理分析的方法分析个中缘由。文章认为，曹丕在本质上是一个柔弱、依顺的人，柔弱和细腻成就了他的文名。后期作品质量滑坡是因为他努力要表现性格中本来没有的粗旷、强硬和坚定一面而压抑了自己的性格。因为本身个性的被压抑，曹丕感到痛苦和焦虑。这些情绪在他的文艺思想中有所流露。     

Pity and Justice in Rousseau's Emile: Developing a Concern for the Common Good

Scholarly accounts of the training of pity in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Emile focus on how Emile's tutor activates the psychological mechanisms necessary for the feeling of pity in book 4 of the text. This account is inadequate, for it fails to show how Emile acquires the evaluative ability to make the judgment about who deserves pity as well as the willingness to adjudicate his own and others' interests. In this article, Wing Sze Leung argues that books 1 through 3 lay the foundation by developing in Emile the attitudes and dispositions that guide him in his judgment-making about which kind of life he should pursue. Books 4 and 5 then develop Emile's ability to make interpersonal judgments of pity through habituated practice. By gradually cultivating Emile's sensitivity to the potential conflict between his self-interests and others' well-being, as well as the resolution to refrain from infringing on others' interests and to pursue the common good, Rousseau's long-term educational project molds Emile's disposition to act as justice demands. The article concludes with a brief response to some criticisms about Rousseau's educational project.     

靖康内讧解析

靖康内讧是宋微宗后期皇位继承权之争的继续和发展，其要害在于皇帝与太上皇帝是否应当分割以及如何分割皇权。微宗企图另立朝延，钦宗因而钦禁微宗，以致微、钦父子双双论为金军俘虏，否则北宋王朝或许尚有延续的可能。     

基于社会网络分析的大学生现实与虚拟社会人际关系研究

文章以某研究生班级为研究对象,利用社会网络分析方法,从强情感支持和弱情感支持两个方面对学生在现实社会与虚拟社会中的人际关系进行了定量分析,结果表明在当前网络环境下,大学生的人际交往呈现了一些新的特征;虚拟社会的人际关系是现实社会人际关系的延伸;同时,强情感关系与弱情感关系之间亦具有显著相关性。     

“Eyes in the Back of Your Head”: moral themes in African American narratives of racial conflict

Abstract

This paper examines seven narratives of racial conflict elicited from African American adults and young people. Analysis focusses on the relational nature of the racial conflicts. Issues of power and authority inherent in the sociopolitical context in which racial knowledge develops and moral judgements regarding racial differences are determined are found to be likewise embedded in interracial interpersonal relationships. Adopting Brown & Gilligan's (1990) methodological approach to reading narratives of conflict and choice, the two moral themes of justice and care are explored in the constitution and resolution of the conflicts shared. Concerns specific to the psychological development of African Americans and to the transmission of race‐related morals and values in black cultures are addressed.     

基于AHP和TRIZ理想解的雪地救援担架优化设计

针对现代多功能组合型产品创新设计的问题,提出基于层次分析法AHP和TRIZ理想解的产品优化设计方法。基于TRIZ的通用流程,根据创新要求进行用户调研建立用户需求系统,对产品系统进行功能分析;引入层次分析法,解决用户需求量化的问题;运用TRIZ理想解规则,分析系统功能的理想化水平,找出其中不符合理想解的功能指标,并运用相对应的发明原理对其优化;利用理想解特征对产品概念方案进行评价并进行方案细化。通过建立集成AHP和TRIZ方法的创新设计流程模型,以雪地救援担架为设计案例,导入理想解设计流程并提出概念设计方案,验证了该设计方法的有效性和可行性。     

Childhood abuse and current interpersonal conflict: The role of shame

ObjectiveTo examine whether shame-proneness mediates the relationship between women's histories of childhood sexual abuse and their current partner and family conflict and child maltreatment. Previous research has found that women with childhood sexual abuse histories experience heightened shame and interpersonal conflict. However, research examining the relationship of shame to interpersonal conflict is lacking.MethodParticipants were 129 mothers of children enrolled in a summer camp program for at-risk children from financially disadvantaged families. Data were collected on women's childhood abuse histories, shame in daily life, and current interpersonal conflict involving family conflict, intimate partner conflict (verbal and physical aggression), and child maltreatment.ResultsConsistent with our hypothesis, the results of hierarchical regressions and logistic regression indicated that shame significantly mediated the association between childhood sexual abuse and interpersonal conflict. Women with sexual abuse histories reported more shame in their daily lives, which in turn was associated with higher levels of conflicts with intimate partners (self-verbal aggression and partner-physical aggression) and in the family. Shame did not mediate the relationship between mothers’ histories of sexual abuse and child maltreatment.ConclusionThe role of shame in the intimate partner and family conflicts of women with sexual abuse histories has not been examined. The current findings indicate that childhood sexual abuse was related to interpersonal conflicts indirectly through the emotion of shame.Practical ImplicationsThese findings highlight the importance of investigating the role of shame in the interpersonal conflicts of women with histories of childhood sexual abuse. Healthcare professionals in medical and mental health settings frequently treat women with abuse histories who are involved in family and partner conflicts. Assessing and addressing the links of abused women's shame to interpersonal conflicts could be important in clinical interventions.     

Understanding children and ourselves: Teachers' reflections on social development in the classroom

Teachers' reflections are presented on the changes occurring while fostering children's social competence and skills in an intervention program. Classroom discussion on interpersonal relationships and conflict resolution was emphasized as a constructive teaching strategy in promoting children's social growth. The curriculum themes focused on friendship, the school community, and the family. The focus is on how the teachers perceived changes in their knowledge of students' social growth and their own teaching skills and attitudes towards working on sociomoral issues in the classroom. In addition, their reflections on changes in the students' social interactions and sense of classroom community are included.     

Primarily Peaceful: Nurturing Peace in the Primary Grades

Conflict is a very real part of relationships that occur on global, national, and local scales, as well as in daily interpersonal relationships. This article details the relevance of peace studies for children in the primary grades, both in terms of current events and in classroom applications. Suggestions are presented for addressing this topic through an ecological approach that includes the establishment of a peaceful learning environment and the development of a diversified, literature-rich curriculum. Readers are invited to explore developmentally appropriate approaches for teaching conflict resolution strategies, as a venue for helping students to cultivate the skills and dispositions to live and learn peacefully with one another.     

农村留守幼儿人际冲突初探

人际冲突在幼儿人际交往中很常见,然而对于留守幼儿而言,由于留守的特殊性,留守幼儿的人际冲突有其特点,主要包括冲突中带有负面情绪、肢体冲突频率较高、冲突解决消极被动等.其形成既有情感缺失、家庭教育失位、隔代抚养等直接原因,又有留守幼儿自身的心理和人格特征的深层原因.     

‘If your only tool is a hammer,any issue will look like a nail’: building conflict resolution and mediation capacity in South African universities

This article commences with an explanation of some of the technical terms in the field of conflict resolution. It then examines the common ways which parties to a conflict use in an effort to deal with it and concludes that, on a number of criteria, collaborative conflict resolution is the superior method. Using some representative examples of conflicts, estimates are made of the direct and indirect costs of typical conflicts in South African universities. Given the magnitude of these costs, a conflict resolution and mediation service is proposed to build a culture of resolving conflict in each university. A cost benefit analysis demonstrates that the benefits of such a service—which result from reduced duration of conflicts and reduced likelihood of escalation of conflicts to more expensive levels—may be three times greater than its costs, making it a highly desirable investment for universities to undertake.     

Withdrawal Threshold in Interpersonal Conflict Among Adolescents of Divorced Parents

ABSTRACT The present study examines one possible explanation for the intergenerational transmission of divorce: a long‐term effect of learned lower withdrawal threshold. The underlying assumption here is that people differ in their readiness to struggle in a relationship before reaching the point at which they withdraw and that this withdrawal threshold is modelled and learned in the family. More specifically, the study tests the hypothesis that adolescents of divorced parents exhibit a lower withdrawal threshold in various depicted interpersonal conflict situations. The study's sample consisted 215 adolescents, including 58 (25 boys and 33 girls) of divorced parents and 157 (74 boys and 83 girls) of married parents. Two questionnaires were specially constructed to test the present study's research question: the Adolescents’ Withdrawal Threshold in Interpersonal Conflicts Questionnaire, which depicted 30 different interpersonal conflict situations, and the Adolescents’ Perception of Divorce as Indicator of Withdrawal Threshold. The results do not support the study's main hypothesis. That is, adolescents with divorced parents do not respond to depicted interpersonal conflict situations with a lower withdrawal threshold than those from intact families. However, the results do show that adolescents from intact families are more likely than those with divorced parents to judge divorce as indicating a low withdrawal threshold. These and other results are discussed within the framework of the behavioural‐modelling theory and in terms of the generalisability of divorce as a kind of withdrawal response to other types of conflict.     

论余华部分作品中的“弑父”情节

古希腊神话《俄狄浦斯王》讲述的是俄狄浦斯杀父娶母的故事,这也是心理学中俄狄浦斯的原型。俄狄浦斯情结又称弑父恋母情结,是精神分析术语。而在余华的大部分作品中,亲情乃至爱情是其主要内容,如《兄弟》和《在细雨中呼喊》之中,在描写父子关系时,虽鲜有关于父子冲突的描写,但其对＂父亲＂的塑造却超越了传统,并对＂父亲＂形象进行残酷的解构和颠覆,在文学史上这虽不是创举,但是这种写作手法却有很大的研究价值。     

让生物教材为学生的发展服务——以“探索生命”一章的教学为案例

在新课改的过程中,教师不应该被教材所累,而是应把教材当作教学设计的素材,让教材为学生的发展服务。因此,要根据新课程标准的理念,整合所选用教材及其他教学资源,进行适合本校学生情况和现有条件的教学。文章以“探索生命”这一章的教学为案例,揭示了一个一线生物教师在进行新课改过程中形成的新教材观。     

高职学生宿舍人际关系和谐影响因素探析

宿舍人际关系的质量是影响大学生心理健康水平的重要因素。部分高职学生宿舍人际关系不和谐,经常发生内部矛盾。调研结果显示,对宿舍的心理定义、生活作息习惯、公共支出、集体活动、矛盾处理、心理交谈等与高职学生宿舍人际关系质量有密切联系。高职院校可以从思想教育、双重教学模式、集体活动、制度规范、心理健康服务等方面着手,促进学生构建和谐的宿舍人际关系。     

论塞尚对绘画新的形式美感探索

塞尚坚持把表现他独特的艺术真实性作为毕生的追求目标,为了达到这一真实.运用了一系列的绘画语言,它打破传统三维透视对画面的约束力,在画面上创造出新的空间强调绘画色彩相互之间的对比产生出永恒色彩的魅力.轮廓线与色彩的重新组合,增强了绘画语言之间的张力冲突.从而创造出一种全新的绘画体系,继而开创了现代艺术的先河,被誉为现代绘画之父.     

《只争朝夕》中父子矛盾的文化内涵探析

本文对贝娄作品《只争朝夕》中的艾德勒与威尔赫姆父子关系进行了探析。故事中这对父子之间的种种矛盾蕴涵着丰富的文化内涵,揭示了犹太人在现代美国社会的生存境遇,折射出犹太文化与美国文化的冲突和变迁,同时也体现了他们所恪守的犹太性。