Educational policy or practice? Traversing the conceptual divide between subject knowledge,pedagogy and teacher identity in England

This research paper is framed by concerns about recent UK Government policy regarding the training of mathematics and science teachers in England and discusses how two cohorts of pre-service teachers negotiated the development of a professional identity while undertaking subject-specific training. The data reported upon were garnered in two ways; through an evaluation survey that received quantitative and qualitative responses from 159 teacher trainees and through focus groups conducted with 40 trainees. In the paper, the authors take the concept of ‘participation in communities of practice’ as a departure point to explore how trainees demonstrate their development of professional identities as chemistry, maths or physics teachers. In the conclusion, the authors consider the implications of the findings for pre-service teachers and teacher trainers given the current education climate of financial austerity being experienced across Europe.     

谈大学生社会实践的几个问题

本文从社会实践教育是大学生教育过程中的重要组成部分这样一个基本原则出发,分析了社会实践教育的现实意义,论述了大学生社会实践的三种基本形式,阐明了社会实践活动中的组织管理与思想教育问题。     

基于学术型硕士拔尖创新人才科研能力的培养

高校学术型硕士的培养侧重于理论和学术研究,其“拔尖创新人才”是学术型人才,更要突出科研能力的培养。本文针对学术型硕士培养中存在的“有研究无能力”、“理论不结合实际”、“学位论文没有应用价值”等问题,提出了相应对策：学位论文开题实行课题导向制;学位论文撰写实行“小论文”构成制;学位论文评审实行“双向”盲审制,同时,设立学术研究分,推动研究生全方位参与科技创新。     

The communication investigator: Teaching research methods to undergraduates

This essay explores the basic communication research course for undergraduates. Discussed are several key notions for making this course valuable to the undergraduate: the attitude of the instructor, the attitude of the students, course requirements and activities, and evaluation techniques.     

Where is the engineering I applied for? A longitudinal study of students' transition into higher education engineering,and their considerations of staying or leaving

This paper presents results from a qualitative longitudinal study of students' transition into higher education engineering. The study aims at comparing upper-secondary school students' expectations of engineering with their actual experiences when encountering the engineering programme. It explores how this encounter provides a platform for students to become integrated during first year. We find that students' expectations are poorly met by their first-year study programme. In their attempt to bridge the gap between their expectations and their experiences, the students apply three strategies: some endure the gap, some constantly try out different study strategies and some compromised their expectations and identities to become more aligned with the study programme. The findings show that even when students successfully manage to bridge the gap, their strategy may turn out to be counterproductive from a learning point of view. The implications of the study are discussed.     

工科直博生培养体系的创新与思考——基于M大学工科直博生培养的调查分析简

以M大学为个案,对工科直博生的培养现状进行调查,分析目前工科直博生培养体系存在的主要问题,提出要基于创新人才的培养理念,建立以科研实践为主线的工科直博生创新能力培养体系,具体措施包括：注重选拔具有科研潜质的学生并提前培养,构建以科研学习为中心的课程体系,开展学科间交叉和渗透的科研实践,推行跨学科的导师组指导模式,强化德育教育、营造创新氛围等。     

Making sense of the development of inclusive practices

Schools in England are currently being asked to pay greater attention to the issue of educational inclusion. This paper reports some of the findings of a collaborative action research Network that was set up to address the implications of this trend. The Network involves teams of university researchers in working with practitioners in order to encourage the development of inclusive practices. As a result of this work, it is argued that the development of such practices is not about adopting ‘recipes’ of the sort described in much of the existing literature. Rather, it involves social learning processes that occur within a given workplace. The paper attempts to provide deeper understandings of what these processes involve. To assist in this analysis use is made of the idea of ‘communities of practice’, as developed by Etienne Wenger, focusing specifically on the way he sees learning as a characteristic of practice. It is argued that the development of inclusive practices involves collaborative working arrangements; that they can be encouraged by engagement with various forms of evidence that interrupt ways of thinking; and that the space that is created through such interruptions can enable those involved to recognize overlooked or, indeed, new possibilities for moving practice forward.     

研究生社会实践问题及对策探析

社会实践是提高研究生素质、培养其创新精神和实践能力的重要途径。阐述研究生社会实践的形式与特点,对其社会实践中存在的问题进行了思考,并从提高认识、加强组织、创新内容、建设基地、合理考评等五个方面提出了相应的建议,增强了研究生社会实践的针对性和实效性。     

浅谈大学生社会实践的收益

社会实践是大学生了解社会、走向社会的必修课,大学生参加社会实践是教育方针的要求,对提高学习效率、培养创新精神以及发展非智力因素有着重要作用。大学生参加社会实践时必须要注意社会实践对学习和学校的影响,把着眼点放在坚持“四个统一”上,注重及时总结不断完善提高,使大学生参加社会实践获得收益,各方面素质和能力得到提高。     

对大学生参加社会实践倾向的调查与分析

通过对部分高校进行“大学生社会实践活动问卷调查”,了解大学生参加社会实践的倾向,在分析了大学生参加社会实践活动的认同度、动机、内容、组织形式、最大收获及对社会实践的意见或建议调查结果的基础上,提出了引导大学生社会实践活动的建议和对策。