A quantitative analysis of physics textbooks for scientific literacy themes

The purpose of this study was to examine the content of textbooks used in the Victorian Physics course between 1967 and 1997 for curriculum balance and emphasis on the following aspects of scientific literacy: (a) science as a body of knowledge, (b) science as a way of investigating, (c) science as a way of thinking, and (d) the interaction between science, technology and society. These themes were chosen because they are reflected in the aims of the current Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) Physics course. The textbook is an important teaching aid in senior school physics in Victoria since it conveys some of the information that students receive and influences how students perceive the subject. The majority of the textbooks analysed stress science as a body of knowledge, place some emphasis on science as a way of investigating, and have little emphasis on science as a way of thinking. Texts produced for the new VCE Physics course (post 1990) were found to place more emphasis on the theme science, technology and society than texts produced prior to 1990.     

The paradigmatic change in mechanics: Implications of historical processes for physics education

Analysing the paradigmatic shift from Peripatetic to Galilean physics can help to understand students' difficulties in learning Newtonian mechanics. This article promotes the use of historical texts in physics teaching as a means to support students in becoming aware of the structural differences between everyday life and scientific views of the world. The question is: Does conceptual change require paradigmatic change?     

The notion of style in physics textbooks

In what sense can a work of nonfiction be said to have a style? Is there such a thing as “textbook” style? The language of science textbooks has often been characterized as difficult and formal, yet those terms have never been carefully defined outside of readability demands. This article makes a first attempt at generating workable criteria for assessing the stylistic character of textbooks. This is done using passages from current physics textbooks, which are analyzed for prose structure, word choice, and literary characteristics.     

中国百年教师教育政策的演变及特点

回顾与反思我国教师教育政策的演变并揭示其特点.具有重要的理论价值、现实意义和战略意义.我国教师教育政策发展的百年历程中,历经了清末民初独立封闭的师范教育体系的确立、南京国民政府时期开放性师范教育体系的形成和发展、新中国成立后至1995年独立封闭师范教育体系的重建和新的发展、1996年以来中国特色的开放性教师教育体系的确立等四个时期.     

20世纪初乡村教育思想形成的历史回顾与思考

在我国近现代教育史上，乡村教育运动对我国近现代教育思想与实践产生过重大的影响，特别是对农村、对平民的教育影响尤甚。时隔半个多世纪之后，重新回顾乡村教育思想的形成，对于当今的教育改革、教育创新及农村教育的发展有着有益的启示与借鉴。     

National identity in moral education textbooks for high school students in the Philippines: A content analysis

The past two consecutive administrations in the Philippines saw the need for developing a greater sense of national identity among Filipinos. In response, the Education Sector strengthened the teaching of values on national ideals and Filipino heritage. One reform was the offering of Moral Education as an independent subject in the secondary education curriculum. In support of this, publishing companies developed textbooks on Moral Education, which teachers used, aside from the prescribed textbooks. To determine the extent and nature of the inclusion of national identity in these textbooks, this study analyzed the content of 12 sample textbooks. Findings suggest the need to improve the content of textbooks in terms of the values relevant in developing citizens with a strong sense of national identity needed for national development.     

A quantitative analysis of moral exemplars presented in moral education textbooks in Korea and Japan

This study is a comparative analysis of the characteristics of moral exemplars presented in moral education textbooks in Korea and Japan. The purpose of the study is to examine and compare moral values presented through the lives and stories of moral exemplars in the two countries that have moral education as an independent and separate subject based on the national curriculum. To this end, the study uses analytical criteria such as gender, nationality, social roles, historical backgrounds, and specific moral values in order to investigate characteristics of 307 moral exemplars in Korea’s and Japan’s most used moral education textbooks. The results show significant similarities and differences in moral exemplars between the two nations. In the case of the similarities, both countries emphasize moral autonomy and respect for human life. In the case of the differences, while Korea presents more historic figures as moral exemplars, Japan presents more students and ordinary people as moral exemplars.     

职业教育国家规划教材:比较分析与发展思考

基于对"十二五"和"十三五"时期职业教育国家规划教材的数据比较分析,剖析职业教育教材建设现状、特征和发展态势,为推进职业教育教材建设提供参考。研究发现,职业教育国家规划教材建设总体平稳,但省份之间发展极不平衡,东部地区国家规划教材建设的成效和优势明显,教材主编多元格局逐渐形成,企业参与职业教育教材建设展现良好势头。立足职业教育发展新起点,思考职业教育教材建设,需要在多方协同联动上下功夫,体现职教特色;在创新内容形式上下功夫,坚持与时俱进;在打造专业队伍上下功夫,提升教材质量。     

高中物理新旧教材力学实验比较分析——以人教版教材为例

力学是高中物理课程的重点和难点,新编写的人教版教材在力学实验上与旧教材相比有所不同。对新、旧教材力学实验的内容进行比较分析,有利于教师对该部分内容的掌握。比较新、旧教材中的力学实验后发现,新教材对实验进行了增、删、改,在内容编排和呈现方式上都进行了调整。从整体上来看,新教材更重视培养学生的科学思维及科学探究能力。     

Special education reform in Brazil: an historical analysis of educational policies

ABSTRACT

This paper describes an histprical view of the legal and political aspects related to special education. It analyses the current and future perspectives that public and private educational institutions utilize to provide school services to individuals with disabilities in Brazil. Although Brazil has developed laws and provisions to guarantee the integration of students with disabilities into regular schools, this is not happening in most cases. In fact, Brazil does not yet have schools that consider the diversification of students’ capabilities as beneficial to the intellectual development of deficient and non‐deficient students. Poor teacher training and institutional conservatism constitute the obstacles to the implementation of innovation in this area. Most of the innovations seen today are the fruit of individual initiatives, such as the Project for Training Teachers to Integrate the Disabled into Schools (PROEDEM) and the Project for Using Computers in Special Education, that we describe. We believe that these new proposals will have a great impact on the education of students with deficiencies. This will raise the consciousness of educators and will help to transform the current conceptions and actions related to the education of people with disabilities, making possible the implementation of special education reforms.     

Networked texts: discourse,power and gender neutrality in Ugandan physics textbooks

Research within science textbooks has dominantly focused on examining explicit representations of women and men using quantitative methodology. The assumption that gendered arrangements are necessarily explicit and therefore visible and countable, overlooks how power works explicitly and implicitly through discourse to produce specific gendered subjectivities. In taking up feminist post-structuralisms, this study contributes to textbook studies within sciences by illuminating both explicit and implicit representations of gender. Using discourse analysis, ‘gender-neutral’ and/or disembodied subjects and objects were ‘unmasked,’ revealing a generic male and/or masculine subject. Gender-neutrality, which is pervasive within the physics textbooks, was thus exposed as a mask for generic maleness/masculinity. I argue that this objectivist science, which remains compatible with a narrow range of student gendered identities, forecloses possibilities for a wide range of scientist subjectivities, to produce a more inclusive physics curriculum, with a greater possibility of developing physics using diverse subjectivities.     

21世纪体育专业教育的理性分析

人类社会已迈入21世纪，在新的世纪里，必须以正确的教育思想为指导，树立科学的教育观．致力培养学生的智能，发展学生的个性才能和创造能力，造就符合新世纪需要的体育教师。     

A content analysis of lesbian,gay, bisexual,and transgender topics in multicultural education textbooks

This research examines the treatment of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) topics in 12 popular multicultural education textbooks. Following a line‐by‐line analysis of each textbook, the findings report the extent to which LGBT topics were included in each text and the themes that became apparent in how LGBT topics were treated. The authors conclude with a discussion of the texts’ contents and the suggestion that texts do more to include LGBT topics and provide more complex and complete representations of LGBT identities. This analysis sets a basis for comparison for future studies to gauge how levels of LGBT inclusion have changed both quantitatively and qualitatively.     

新世纪农民职业教育需求的调查与分析

农民职业教育制度安排体现了典型的需求诱致型制度变迁路径。农民对职业教育的认识与理解,是基于他们不断地应对外部环境的变化与压力和反省与克服内部的冲突与矛盾。通过对杨凌示范区94个农户的抽样调查资料分析,可以发现新世纪农民职业教育的总需求状况,满足农民职业教育需求的方式、内容与结构,以及农民对职业教育的认识与理解。     

略论全球化对我国高等教育的影响

全球化对我国高等教育将产生正负两个方面的影响 ,尤其是高等教育国际化的影响更为直接。必须对全球化有正确而清醒的认识 ,以便有效地制定我国高等教育发展的措施和对策。     

Beyond the dichotomy of teacher- versus student-focused education: A survey study on physics teachers' beliefs about the goals and pedagogy of physics education

This study explored the content and structure of physics teachers' beliefs on teaching and learning in general in relation to their domain-specific beliefs. A questionnaire was administered to secondary school teachers in physics (N = 126) in the Netherlands. The results showed that beliefs about the general and domain-specific goals of physics education formed an interrelated belief system consisting of content-oriented and student-oriented beliefs. Moreover, teachers agreed with the importance of both teacher-regulated and student-regulated learning. Therefore, research on teachers' beliefs should go beyond the often used dichotomy between ‘teacher-focused’ versus ‘student-focused’ education by focusing on the rationale behind ‘appropriate’ teaching behavior.     

教育公平实践的历史检视

教育公平是人发展的公平,一部教育制度史见证了教育公平的实践历程。教育公平实践的历史是教育公平不断贴近正义和公平的历史,历经权力公平对原始平等的超越、起点公平演进到过程和结果公平的相互博弈,最终在全民教育质量公平中找到了契合点。     

Drugs in the classroom: A historical approach to drug education

This article suggests various techniques and strategies for integrating historical research methods into the drug education classroom. While most criminal justice programs offer courses on drug education, instruction has typically concentrated on policy issues. With little historical perspective on the roots of the drug problem, students are too often left with a one-dimensional perspective: that all illegal drug use should be criminalized. Like many recent historical events, the roots of the drug problem remain a distant abstraction to the current generation of criminal justice students. A historical approach to this subject using historiographic methods can lead to a better understanding of the cyclic nature of the U. S. drug problem and policies over the past century.