Ethical concerns in rescue robotics: a scoping review

Ethics and Information Technology - Rescue operations taking place in disaster settings can be fraught with ethical challenges. Further ethical challenges will likely be introduced by the use of...     

Integrating robot ethics and machine morality: the study and design of moral competence in robots

Robot ethics encompasses ethical questions about how humans should design, deploy, and treat robots; machine morality encompasses questions about what moral capacities a robot should have and how these capacities could be computationally implemented. Publications on both of these topics have doubled twice in the past 10 years but have often remained separate from one another. In an attempt to better integrate the two, I offer a framework for what a morally competent robot would look like (normally considered machine morality) and discuss a number of ethical questions about the design, use, and treatment of such moral robots in society (normally considered robot ethics). Instead of searching for a fixed set of criteria of a robot’s moral competence I identify the multiple elements that make up human moral competence and probe the possibility of designing robots that have one or more of these human elements, which include: moral vocabulary; a system of norms; moral cognition and affect; moral decision making and action; moral communication. Juxtaposing empirical research, philosophical debates, and computational challenges, this article adopts an optimistic perspective: if robotic design truly commits to building morally competent robots, then those robots could be trustworthy and productive partners, caretakers, educators, and members of the human community. Moral competence does not resolve all ethical concerns over robots in society, but it may be a prerequisite to resolve at least some of them.     

浅谈基于Web的CAI课件制作和设计

随着多媒体技术和计算机网络技术的发展,网络教学已成为一种新型的教学方式。本文论述了网络环境下CAI课件的特点、系统设计和实现技术。     

电子商务平台中供应商产品质量的选择

针对电子商务平台上消费者关于产品质量问题的投诉越来越多的情况,研究了平台如何对供应商收取保证金、交易费等,对供应商提供的产品质量进行控制。设计了平台对供应商产品质量控制的一种契约,确定平台对供应商收取的保证金的返还额度,以此激励供应商提供优质品。另外,引入用户投诉,为平台获取供应商产品质量信息提供途径。结果表明,该质量控制契约既可以使平台的收益大幅上升、供应商的收益平稳增长,又可以有效提高平台上优质品的比率,对于平台、供应商和消费者而言是共赢的。     

From dignity to security protocols: a scientometric analysis of digital ethics

Our lives are increasingly intertwined with the digital realm, and with new technology, new ethical problems emerge. The academic field that addresses these problems—which we tentatively call ‘digital ethics’—can be an important intellectual resource for policy making and regulation. This is why it is important to understand how the new ethical challenges of a digital society are being met by academic research. We have undertaken a scientometric analysis to arrive at a better understanding of the nature, scope and dynamics of the field of digital ethics. Our approach in this paper shows how the field of digital ethics is distributed over various academic disciplines. By first having experts select a collection of keywords central to digital ethics, we have generated a dataset of articles discussing these issues. This approach allows us to generate a scientometric visualisation of the field of digital ethics, without being constrained by any preconceived definitions of academic disciplines. We have first of all found that the number of publications pertaining to digital ethics is exponentially increasing. We furthermore established that whereas one may expect digital ethics to be a species of ethics, we in fact found that the various questions pertaining to digital ethics are predominantly being discussed in computer science, law and biomedical science. It is in these fields, more than in the independent field of ethics, that ethical discourse is being developed around concrete and often technical issues. Moreover, it appears that some important ethical values are very prominent in one field (e.g., autonomy in medical science), while being almost absent in others. We conclude that to get a thorough understanding of, and grip on, all the hard ethical questions of a digital society, ethicists, policy makers and legal scholars will need to familiarize themselves with the concrete and practical work that is being done across a range of different scientific fields to deal with these questions.     

学会负责终生有用--浅谈学生责任心的培养

针对我校当前普遍存在的学生责任心弱化问题，分析了其现象产生的原因，并提出了相应的对策。     

基于网络的药理学问题式学习教学平台的实现

从2002年开始就有人探讨在网络环境下进行PBL教学的可行性,但是实际上使用网络进行PBL(Problem-Based Learning,简称PBL,也称作问题式学习)教学的实例并不多见.随着网络环境日新月异的发展和编程技术的不断提高,实现网络PBL已变成一种趋势.为了实现网络环境药理学PBL教学,开发了这个药理学基于网络的PBL教学平台.这个平台具有较强的实用性.     

高等级公路坡面防护设计的几点思考

文章初步分析了高等级公路坡面防护设计中存在的一些问题,并提出几点防护措施。     

空空导弹导引头新型视线稳定平台综述

导弹在拦截目标过程中,弹体姿态的变化会影响光轴视线指向,必须采用稳定平台保持光轴惯性空间稳定。论文首先从框架结构对国内外新型视线稳定平台进行划分,阐述了各自的特点;其次对新型稳定平台的视线稳定技术和控制方法作了分析;最后介绍了新型视线稳定平台在国外近距空空导弹上的应用状况,以便我们国家借鉴和学习。     

从"孵化"到"自发"的跨越--析大学科技园公共创业平台的建设

通过对大学科技园内高新技术企业培育的两种方式———孵化和自发创业机制的比较分析,总结出大学科技园建设公共创业平台的重要性,并在此基础上提出了有效公共创业平台的基本框架。     

Discourses on information ethics: The claim to universality

An important question one can ask of ethical theories is whether and how they aim to raise claims to universality. This refers to the subject area that they intend to describe or govern and also to the question whether they claim to be binding for all (moral) agents. This paper discusses the question of universality of Luciano Floridi’s information ethics (IE). This is done by introducing the theory and discussing its conceptual foundations and applications. The emphasis will be placed on the ontological grounding of IE. IE’s claims to universality will be contrasted with those raised by discourse ethics. This comparison of two pertinent ethical theories allows for a critical discussion of areas where IE currently has room for elaboration and development.     

When a robot is social: spatial arrangements and multimodal semiotic engagement in the practice of social robotics

Social roboticists design their robots to function as social agents in interaction with humans and other robots. Although we do not deny that the robot's design features are crucial for attaining this aim, we point to the relevance of spatial organization and coordination between the robot and the humans who interact with it. We recover these interactions through an observational study of a social robotics laboratory and examine them by applying a multimodal interactional analysis to two moments of robotics practice. We describe the vital role of roboticists and of the group of preverbal infants, who are involved in a robot's design activity, and we argue that the robot's social character is intrinsically related to the subtleties of human interactional moves in laboratories of social robotics. This human involvement in the robot's social agency is not simply controlled by individual will. Instead, the human-machine couplings are demanded by the situational dynamics in which the robot is lodged.