Parallel Classes: Differences and Similarities. Teacher Effects and School Effects in Secondary Schools

Results from school effectiveness studies that took into account differences among teachers or departments within schools indicate that these teacher or department differences outweigh the differences between schools. The present study shows that differences in student achievement between parallel classes taught by different teachers may be very small. Coordination efforts among teachers relate primarily to the content and goals of instruction. With respect to classroom instruction large differences between teachers may still be detected. School effectiveness differences usually found across grades and subjects may be due only in part to loose internal coordination. The fact that it is extremely difficult for teachers to compare the results of teaching across grades and subjects may be equally important.     

Exploring School Improvement in Hong Kong Secondary Schools

Scholars have increasingly sought to understand how the process of school improvement differs among schools operating in different school levels, conditions, and contexts. Using Rosenholtz's (1985 Rosenholtz, S. 1985. Effective schools: Interpreting the evidence. American Journal of Education, 93: 352–388. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) conception of “moving” and “stuck” schools as a framework for thinking about school improvement, this study examines the learning outcomes of 39 Hong Kong secondary schools over a 3-year period. We examine whether features of leadership and school capacity differed with respect to these learning outcomes within the sample of moving and stuck schools. This research in Hong Kong has identified several factors that appear to synergistically contribute to differences in patterns of improvement in learning across different subjects in both moving and stuck schools. These factors include resource management of principals and school capacity in terms of professional learning community; workload of teachers; alignment, coherence, and structure; and resource capacity. This study extends the research on leadership and capacity building as a means of school improvement, in the process elaborating on their impact within a non-Western society.     

The High School Schedule in Midwestern Secondary Schools

Abstract

The role of sensory feedback factors in determining learning and memory was investigated in terms of the effects of four different modes of movement control of sensory input on memory of stimulus patterns-i.e., (1) visual tracking of the pattern without manual control, (2) parallel pursuit tracking of the pattern with a hand-con- trolled visual cursor, (3) opposed pursuit tracking of the stimulus pattern with a hand-controlled visual cursor, and (4) compensatory negative feedback tracking in which the subject observed only the error of tracking the stimulus pattern. Results indicated that mode of sensory feedback control of sensed input of stimulus patterns during learning determined immediate memory, and that memory was superior for modes of feedback control in which the pattern of stimulation and of movement could be compared. The main conclusion was that the processes of active and passive learning and their role in determining learning and memory are specifiable and predictable as variable forms of movement-controlled sensory feedback.     

中等职业学校的学校文化建设

目前中等职业学校在发展过程中面临着许许多多的难题。原因之一就在于许多中职学校忽略建设具有自身特色的学校文化,从而缺乏一种应对外在压力的办学理念和积极进取的团结精神。从对学校文化的实质、功能、形式及途径等方面的探讨中找到一些能促进中等职业技术教育发展的思路。     

Quality of School Life: Development and Preliminary Standardisation of an Instrument Based on Performance Indicators in Scottish Secondary Schools

Improvement of the services offered by secondary schools in the UK has been a major concern for the educational authorities. One of the most widely accepted ways to test the quality of school services is the performance indicators approach. Performance indicators, as they stand, are quite complicated to use. Many of them could be criticised for not considering pupils views about their school but rather gathering adult-centred information, since it is teachers and not pupils who do the assessment. Therefore, a new student scale has been developed, based on performance indicators, and its properties are described as follows. The new Quality of School Life scale has shown good psychometric properties and it has proven easy to use and administer. It has been shown to reliably and validly measure pupils views about their quality of school life and school satisfaction. Results are discussed in relation to potential future use of the scale by educationalists.     

示范性高中与农村高中学校教育的发展

高中教育作为我国基础教育的高级阶段,在整个教育体系中起着承上启下的作用。示范性高中与非示范性高中在升学率、提高学生学业成绩方面存在比较显著的差异。对高中学校进行有效管理和资源配置是地方政府加强高中管理的重点工作。真正的示范性学校一定是实现了有效管理的学校,而不是资源的绝对集中或者享有特权的学校。     

谈中小学校歌创作

一首好的校歌必将给师生留下美好的回忆和难忘的记忆。由本校教师创作学校校歌。对学校和教师本人都有积极的意义。校歌的创作要符合歌曲创作的一般规律,同时校歌的创作因有明确的演唱者、创作目的也对创作者提出了进一步的要求。     

中学数学中的证明

证明是检验方案的一种类型,证明有构造性证明与非构造性证明之分。信息时代的中学生需要熟悉各种不同类型的检验方案,目前的中学数学中涉及到的大多数证明都是构造性的。在很多情况下,许多检验方案与古典类型的构造性证明相比更有效,概率论方法就这样的检验方案之一。将一些不同于经典证明的检验方案应用到中学数学教学中去,用以培养学生新的数学观是十分必要的。     

改进的mean shift算法及其在彩色图像分割中的应用

针对mean shift算法中带宽参数的选择不易确定的问题,提出了一种改进的自适应mean shift算法,并将其运用于彩色图像分割中。仿真结果表明,该算法对于不同类型的图像,均可以获得令人满意的分割结果。     

中小学数字化校园建设问题研究

随着教育信息化的深入发展,许多中小学校纷纷启动数字化校园工程,这是一项复杂的系统工程。通过对中小学数字化校园建设现状的分析,提出中小学数字化校园建设的解决方案,希望能为中小学数字化校园建设提供一些参考。     

Secondary Education: The School Development Program at Work in Three High Schools

This article brings together stories of how the School Development Program (SDP) is working at three different high schools. West Mecklenburg and Myers Park in Charlotte, North Carolina, and Timberland High School in Berkeley County, South Carolina, all had to reexamine their educational programs as well as the entire school environment when new groups of at-risk students transferred into the schools. The SDP provided a means of bringing all members of the various school communities together--parents, students, teachers, and administrators--to manage appropriate changes. The processes of team formation, committee work, and collaboration with the community are described as well as the various scheduling changes and new academic programs that were created to address student needs. The cumulative growth of experience with the SDP through personal contacts, national training events, and interdistrict consultation is also emphasized.     

Differences in Effectiveness Between Primary Schools and their Impact on Secondary School Recommendations

In school effectiveness research differences between schools are mainly expressed in percentages of the variance in cognitive test scores. This article focuses on the impact these differences in effectiveness have on the school career of pupils. The analyses were executed on the data of a school effectiveness study carried out in 1987 and 1988. Two groups of outlier primary schools were selected. The pupils were divided into four categories based on their IQ-score, and into four categories based on their SES-score. Four dependent variables were used: test scores on language, test scores on mathematics, expectations for the follow-up secondary school type based on these test scores, and the actual secondary school recommendation given by the teacher. For all groups of pupils the average scores on mathematics, language and the total standard test score differ significantly for both low- and high-effective schools. The actual recommendation for type of secondary education does not differ significantly. This leads to the conclusion that the recommendations given to the other pupils in the same grade seem to be important; schools tend to recommend a secondary school type according to a normal distribution. High-effective schools tend to recommend beneath, while low-effective schools tend to advise above the expectations.     

Head Teachers' Perspectives on School Drop-Out in Secondary Schools in Rural Punjab,Pakistan

This study investigates head teachers' perspectives of the school dropout problem at public secondary schools in rural Punjab, Pakistan. The study is based on qualitative methods and included interviews to collect primary data. Sixteen districts of the Punjab where secondary school dropout rate is above 20% were purposively selected for the study. The findings indicate that—other than some socioeconomic and individual factors—different exam patterns at primary, elementary, and secondary levels; easy promotion policy in early classes; English medium syllabus; substandard educational background of students; high failure rate in class 9; and top-down pressures on teachers to perform nonacademic duties are major causes of children dropping out from school. The findings of the study suggest that only through implementation of a socio-culturally compatible syllabus—a corresponding examination system for all levels—allowing students to repeat class 9 in case they fail, setting teachers free from nonteaching duties and providing extra financial support to economically underprivileged students can significantly prevent school dropout at secondary level. The study further argues that easy promotion policy in early classes may retain more children at school but it causes high rates of dropout from secondary classes.     

美国中小学校车政策体系及其启示

美国中小学校车政策经历了漫长的发展过程,校车使用正进入一个加速普及的阶段。其完善的校车政策体系和先进的校车营运管理模式为我国校车发展提供了重要启示。破解国内当前校车使用的混乱状况需从更新校车使用观念,完善校车政策体系以及建立教育界、政府和汽车企业三方联动的校车发展模式入手。     

School Subject Preferences of Pupils in Single Sex and Co‐educational Secondary Schools

Rankings of school subject preferences were obtained from 321 male and 327 female pupils aged 11‐12 years, and 245 male and 240 female pupils aged 15‐16 years, from both single sex and co‐educational secondary schools. Overall rank orders showed an effect of school type for younger pupils only, in which evidence for less gender stereotyping of school subjects in single sex schools was found. The rankings of the older pupils, while not affected by school type, did show a clear effect of gender, with higher rankings being given to mathematics, science and physical education by boys and to art by girls.     

Secondary School Choice as a Window on Jewish Faith Schools in Contemporary British Society

ABSTRACT

Research into school choice has generally explored both the processes by which choices are made and the considerations that parents explore when making this important decision on behalf of their children. This article examines the secondary school choices of Jewish parents in the United Kingdom. It explores parents’ reasons for choosing to select Jewish faith secondary schools. We frame our arguments against the backdrop of the wider faith-school phenomenon in the UK, and as with the Christian communities, we find a disconnect between the small number of Jewish adults attending places of worship regularly and the growing number of Jewish children attending Jewish faith schools. We show that for many parents, schooling is synonymous with Jewish socialization, or enculturation; developing networks of Jewish friends, providing sufficient cultural resources to enable participation in Jewish life, and nurturing distinctive values. We show how Jewish schools have become more than places for academic advancement for these families; they have become the primary locus of Jewish community.     

关于加强中专学校德育工作实效性的探讨

作为直接为社会经济发展培养和输送实用人才的中专学校,如何根据中等职业教育的特点,遵循德育工作规律,增强学校德育工作的实效性呢?笔者试图对这一问题作些思考和探讨。一、全方位渗透德育,寓德育于各种活动之中中专学校德育工作必须以培养“四有”中等专业技术人才为总目标,以学生的素质发展为根本,与时俱进,把德育工作放在核心地位,全方位渗透德育,并寓德育于各种活动之中。坚持把德育放在核心地位。我们应坚持把德育放在核心地位,通过政治理论与思想品德课教学乃至基础课和专业课教学,引导学生坚持党的基本路线,正确认识我国国情,树立爱…