Primary Telesoftware

The Telesoftware and Education Project, which was set up in 1980 by the BBC, the IBA and Brighton Polytechnic, demonstrated the feasibility of using broadcast transmissions to distribute computer programs as teletext pages, to be downloaded (i.e. recorded) onto a microcomputer in school. The success of the project led to the setting up of a Telesoftware and Primary Education Project, to distribute software to the area of education in which programming expertise is least often available. Telesoftware is not only a means of distributing stand‐alone software but can also be coupled with schools’ broadcasts and can read relevant information from any page of teletext, providing an educational television ‘package’. The project provides a link between schools and programmers and functions as a pre‐ and post‐broadcast evaluation team. The initial feedback from schools has been very positive and it is hoped that the broadcasting of high quality, relevant telesoftware will be a useful TV service in the future.     

Pilot evaluation of the Whole Inclusive School Empowerment (WISE) project in kindergartens in Hong Kong: A mixed method approach

This pilot study used a quasiexperimental design to evaluate the Whole Inclusive School Empowerment (WISE) project providing educational psychology services to kindergartens to support students with diverse learning needs. There were eight intervention kindergartens that received WISE educational psychology services and eight control kindergartens without the service. The intervention kindergartens were provided with a 0.125 educational psychologist and 0.7 teacher coordinator. In January and June 2017, teachers in intervention and control kindergartens completed questionnaires assessing student behavior, school readiness, and their own teaching efficacy. Focus group sessions involving teachers and school principals were conducted in July 2017. The results indicated a greater improvement in prosocial behavior and school readiness in intervention kindergartens compared with control kindergartens. Teachers and principals reported that they were better equipped in supporting diverse learning needs. The results provided initial evidence supporting the effectiveness of educational psychology services for kindergartens in improving student outcomes.     

论教育电视属性与发展道路

改革开放以来，各级教育电视台为实施科教兴国战略，推进教育信息化、现代化做出了重要贡献。教育电视既是教育机构，又是广电媒体；既有教育教学工作，又有宣传任务，但本质属性是教育，是教育系统开办的远程教育的基础设施，是整个教育工作中一条极其重要的战线。教育电视面临着严峻考验与挑战，要做大做强教育电视必须积极探索发展新路，     

VIDEO IN EDUCATION: THE NEXT FIVE YEARS?

The paper considers the vast range of educational conditions under development, and the potential of video technology within them. Trends in the application of AV media in the industrial world and developing countries are examined, and essential questions in relation to the educational media's future development are isolated. Use of the term ‘video’ signifies the electronic image outside of normal broadcasting networks‐‐non‐broadcast, and not TV     

再认识电视媒体在教育教学中的优势地位

通过论述教育电视的发展和它作为媒体在教学中的优势地位，说明了教育电视无论是从它诞生之日起，还是在新世纪都是最佳的教学媒体。     

Factors of Programme Choice in Public Television: a national survey

The differing audience objectives of public and commercial television in the United States pose significant issues relative to how programmes are chosen for broadcast. Factors which influence the selection of programmes on public television (the chief broadcast outlet of educational programmes in America) warrant the scrutiny of media scholars, for such factors may prove influential in determining the nature of broadcast educational programmes. A survey of US public television programmers, conducted to examine factors perceived as important in making programme decisions, identified 11 factors, but about 70% of the total variance was explained by the first five factors: (1) audience measures, (2) personal feedback, (3) programme strategy, (4) station resources and (5) intuition. The audience measure factor explained the largest proportion of the variance (30%). Several factors were comparable with those used in an earlier study of commercial TV programme decision‐making. The findings suggest that perhaps internal constraints (station budget) cause public and commercial programmers to be similar in their perceptions about factors regarded as influential in programme selection     

Academic development units and the improvement of teaching

A survey of those educational development practices which directors of educational (academic) development units in Australia found most effective in their institutions for the improvement of teaching was conducted in late 1983. The responses are presented and discussed.Academic staff are one of the targets of educational development. A series of interviews with 100 academic staff of the University of Queensland at about the same time confirmed that the approaches taken by units for improving teaching are approved of by staff. In particular staff recognised and valued the connection between evaluation and development.The staff development programme at the University of Queensland responded to the expressed needs of staff for specific developmental activities. It is described as one example of a systematic approach to staff development with emphasis on formal workshops/seminar sessions and evaluation of teaching. Practicalities and problems are discussed.This article is derived from an invited paper to the conference, Tertiary Teaching. Techniques for Improvement - The Australian Experience, University of Western Australia, 18 May 1984.     

CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND BEHAVIOUR ACROSS FIVE YEARS OF BROADCAST TELEVISION: A NATURALISTIC STUDY IN A REMOTE COMMUNITY

3‐ to 8‐year‐olds’ free‐play behaviour was video‐recorded in two playgrounds before broadcast TV's availability in the South Atlantic island of St. Helena. Similar aged children's behaviour in the same playgrounds was recorded five years after television's arrival. Recorded behaviours were then coded for pro‐social and anti‐social acts. Out of sixty‐four pre‐lpost‐TV comparisons only nine significant shifts were found. Five revealed decreases in pro‐social behaviour (boys and girls), two showed increases in pro‐social behaviour (boys only), and the remaining two showed decreases in anti‐social behaviour (for boys only). In the discussion, particular environmental factors are highlighted which may help determine whether learned aggression (from TV and elsewhere) is enacted.     

广播媒介的经营与管理

作为人类社会出现的第一种大众化电子媒介的广播媒介,面对来自电视等传统媒介和网络等新媒介的挑战,广播媒介必须切实转变观念,强化经营和管理。在节目管理方面,广播媒介需要逐步实行主持人中心制和制作人中心制,提高节目质量。同时,通过搭建交易平台、制定市场标准和完善监督机制进行有效的广播节目市场管理。广播媒介可以以节目品牌、创意策划和资源整合来促进广告经营,提高经济效益。广播媒介应根据自身特点和条件,采取频道专业化、管理频率化、广告代理制、重品牌开发和跨媒介联合等策略,才能不断提高竞争力。     

开放教育模式下法学教师应具备的基本素质探析

中央电大的“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”，对法学专业人才培养的目标有了更高的要求，并且在教育手段、教育技术上与传统的电大教学有了很大不同，相对应的是对我们广大法学教师在综合素质上有了更高的要求。本文主要运用教育学、心理学的有关原理，重点对开放教育模式下法学教师的实践素质、驾驭网络技术进行导学的素质等进行了分析。     

Videodisc: should broadcasters be interested?

The optical videodisc was developed as a domestic and educational video source, but Maryland Interactive Technologies is investigating several unexpected but promising applications in broadcast television practice and is designing a pilot videodisc to put those applications to the test     

电视转播对奥运会经济提升的价值

电视转播历来是奥运会收入的主要来源,历届奥运会得以成功举办,电视转播权收益给予了坚实的资金保障,并有力地支持了全球奥林匹克事业的飞速发展。文章分析了电视转播权收益对推动奥林匹克运动发展的意义和演变过程,剖析了电视机构的营运策略及对企业的影响,进而预测了电视转播的未来发展之路。     

英语电视新闻在英语教学中的作用及其选择

电视新闻以其覆盖面广、内容新颖、时效性强等优势吸引大众。英语电视新闻具有内容丰富、传播的时效性强、图像与声音共同传播和语言形式的现代性等优势,因而在英语教学中有不可替代的作用。应注意从内容和形式两方面选择英语电视新闻。     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE META‐AFFECTIVE TRAIT SCALE

The purpose of this study was to develop a Meta‐Affective Trait Scale (MATS) to measure the meta‐affective inclinations related to emotions that students have while they are studying for their classes. First, a pilot study was performed with 380 10th‐grade students. Results of the exploratory factor analysis supported a two‐factor structure of the MATS, with 17 items and two dimensions (affective awareness and affective regulation). Second, in the validation study, the confirmatory factor analysis was carried out using data from 359 11th‐grade students. Satisfactory fit indices were obtained, providing evidence for the reliability and validity of the scale. Finally, for further evidence, a correlational analysis was run. Results indicated positive and significant correlations between learning strategies and self‐efficacy and the dimensions of the MATS. Consequently, the MATS can be employed by both researchers and teachers to assess students’ meta‐affective inclinations.     

Reconstructed task orientation and local time governance in compulsory schools: the Swedish case

Recently, a five‐year trial period without a set timetable for compulsory school education in 79 municipalities was concluded in Sweden. The overall idea of the trial was to facilitate local participation, local time governance and flexible learning. Within the pilot trial, each individual pupil’s school activities were supposed to be designed to suit his/her needs, interests and prerequisites. This article examines how teachers, principals and students describe students’ schoolwork as being located in the intersection between school/home, work/leisure, time/task and individual/collective spheres. Three empirical studies indicate that the essential part of new temporal habits of school concerns a reconstructed task orientation. Time has been taken into the service of tasks and clock‐time is not always a taken for granted regulator in educational settings. Potential disadvantages with a more task‐oriented education are also discussed.     

Analyzing the curricula of doctor of philosophy in educational technology-related programs in the United States

The purpose of this study was to analyze on-campus and online PhD programs in educational technology-related fields in the United States. In particular, it sought to evaluate the most common program titles; core, elective, and research courses based on program curricula. The research design was quantitative content analysis and data were collected from six different sources. The study found 44 institutions offered campus-based degree programs and four offered online degree programs in educational technology-related fields with 27 different program titles. In addition, 324 core courses, 157 elective courses, and 260 research courses were further analyzed. The results revealed that the most common program titles were Curriculum and Instruction, Learning Design and Technology, Instructional Technology, Learning Technologies, Instructional Design and Technology, and Educational Technology. The most common core courses were Instructional Design, Advanced Instructional Design, Curriculum Theory, Needs Assessment, Internship in Instructional Technology, Instructional Systems Design, and Theories of Learning and Instruction. The most common elective courses were Multicultural Education, Foundations of Distance Learning, Educational Foundations, and Message Design. The most common research courses were Quantitative Methods, Qualitative Methods, Qualitative Research, Educational Research Methods, Multivariate Analysis, Introduction to Qualitative Research in Education, and Mixed Methods. Furthermore, this study provided discussion and implications for current study as well as recommendations for future research.     

COSTING ETV OPERATIONS: A METHODOLOGY

The paper is presented as a case‐study in the costing of activities at the fictitious University of Barchester TV and Media Resources Centre.     

On becoming a civic‐minded instructional designer: An ethnographic study of an instructional design experience

This ethnographic study took place in a graduate course at a large research university in the Midwestern United States. It presents an in‐depth examination of the experiences and challenges of a group of four students learning to be Instructional Design and Technology professionals who are concerned with the well‐being of all members of a society, and wish to utilize their knowledge and skills to help solve social problems and improve people's lives. Building on the results of previous research, findings indicate that the course, designed using the Civic‐Minded Instructional Designers (CMID) framework, succeeded in enhancing students' civic‐minded agency, the group's purposeful and reflective acts that aim at addressing the educational needs of community members. The course was designed to mimic a small, multiteam Instructional Design and Technology consulting company offering professional‐level services free of charge. Community partners consisted of four real‐world clients to whom students addressed an instructional issue. Data were collected from observations, focus groups, individual interviews with students and community partners, and analyses of course artifacts and students' reflections. Students were found to diligently address community members' needs, give voice to their community partners, address sustainability of their projects, be sensitive to their community partners' perspectives and acknowledge their community partners as design partners. Challenges encountered include reconfiguring students' roles and building trustful relationships with their community partners. This study contributes a deeper understanding of the roles of instructional design professionals within larger social contexts. Lessons learned can inform the implementation of the CMID framework in other educational programs.