联盟企业失败知识协同创新的动态决策模型

针对联盟企业失败知识协同创新的决策问题,运用微分博弈,动态分析主导企业和跟随企业在不同情况下的最佳收益,得出联盟企业失败知识协同创新的帕累托最优成立的条件,并引入失败知识扩散难度系数,分析失败知识协同创新的独特性,得出失败知识扩散难度系数对企业收益的影响呈递减的凹函数。     

产学研协同创新系统的技术扩散与资源配置关系研究——基于内资与在华外资高技术企业的比较

产学研协同创新系统的技术扩散与其内部资源配置效率密切相关,且两者的关系在异质性协同网络中具有显著差异。搜集内资企业如华为、中兴通讯和比亚迪以及外资研发密集企业如艾默生网络能源、三星电子和辉瑞制药的资料。应用扎根理论比较分析两类异质性创新主体产学研协同创新中的技术汇聚和扩散模式;进而构建了多种群状态下产学研协同创新系统技术扩散与资源配置的关系模型,揭示了技术扩散影响资源配置的机理及差异性。     

产学研协同创新系统的技术扩散与资源配置关系——基于内资与在华外资高技术企业的比较

应用扎根理论构建产学研协同创新系统技术扩散与资源配置的关系模型,比较分析系统内部内资与外资两类异质性创新主体的技术汇聚和扩散模式,揭示其产学研协同中技术扩散影响资源配置的机理及差异性。研究认为:(1)内资创新主体技术扩散受政府主导和产业拉动的双重影响,技术积累和传承依赖于内部化,呈现网络特征;外资创新主体技术扩散路径和方向不确定性高,技术传承受本地市场需求的线性驱动明显;(2)显性技术倾向占据市场优势的创新主体配置,隐性技术倾向占据基础研究优势的创新主体配置,创新系统在内资与外资的交互、融合中实现边界突破。     

后发企业技术发展与其协同创新模式的演化

在技术层级化的背景下,后发企业的技术发展是协同创新内涵的直接体现．在已有文献的基础上,结合创新A-U模型和模块化理论,发现后发企业的技术发展呈现出以辅助技术先发、主导技术跃升的特征．然后,通过对协同创新资源共享和企业组织模式重新整合的分析,将后发企业的协同创新模式分为契约型协同、组织型协同和战略型协同,再将后发企业的技术发展与不同阶段协同创新模式的演化相结合,提出了两者协同演化的理论模型．对东方汽轮机有限公司与四川绵竹鑫坤机械制造有限责任公司的技术发展与协同创新模式进行分析,验证了后发企业的技术发展过程中存在着协同创新模式的共同演进．研究结果显示,与技术发展相适应的协同创新模式的演化和主动选择能提高合作稳定性,加强协同伙伴的文化沟通有利于形成有效的协同创新模式,并且提高协同效率与技术进步速率．     

集聚区中小企业技术吸收与扩散效果——生产结构迂回视角

深入明晰集聚区内中小企业的技术转移持续动力机制,为其提升技术吸收与扩散能力进而提升创新绩效提供参考。基于迂回生产理论,从生产结构迂回变动视角构建包含外部市场竞争、内在发展动力、区域战略协同、生产结构迂回变动、技术吸收、技术扩散和企业绩效等变量的模型,利用长三角地区中小企业的411份有效问卷检验研究假设。结果表明：集聚区内中小企业的技术吸收与技术扩散显著影响企业绩效;生产结构迂回性变动显著正向影响中小企业的技术吸收与技术扩散,并受到外部市场竞争、内在发展动力与区域战略协同3个因素的显著正向作用。因此,中小企业应该重视生产结构的迂回变动状态,增强技术吸收与扩散能力、市场竞争力和应变力,加强业务创新,从而促进企业稳健发展。     

中原城市群产业技术扩散机制与创新协同效应研究

为促进和发挥中原城市群创新协同效应,打造高水平城市群,基于产业复杂网络视角提出赋权区域产业技术流树(RITFT)模型,并基于RITFT对中原地区的产业技术扩散结构机制与创新协同效应进行研究.首先提出区域产业技术相关度测量系数,在产业技术流网络(ITFN)基础上提出RITFT建模原理及方法,构建中原地区RITFT,并从干流、支流等产业技术流分布特征上揭示中原城市群产业技术创新与扩散的核心结构机制;进一步基于对个体产业承载、中介与扩散的基础效应和技术外溢、吸收强度与乘数效应等方面的分析,对中原城市群创新协同效应进行评价.研究发现:中原城市整体技术扩散协作效率较高,产业创新存在省内大协同、区域内小协同及空间支撑互补性强等特征.最后提出中原城市群应不断强化区域创新政策供给、完善产业协同创新体系,以综合科技服务平台为支撑建立新型的产业创新治理体系,打造区域高效的创新生态系统.     

通信设备巨头技术创新布局与扩散比较研究

专利引文是衡量技术创新的重要指标。以著名的德温特(DII)创新系统的数据,对通信设备行业两家重要企业思科与华为的专利引文进行分析。结果显示,一些中国高技术企业经过多年的技术创新,其研发效率已经追上世界一流的跨国企业;中国企业的技术扩散主要是在国内,国际间技术扩散刚刚起步,影响力较小;而跨国企业技术扩散是全球性的,影响力处于龙头地位;追赶型企业技术创新是力求突破的锥型布局,领先企业是平衡型的哑铃布局;企业的技术创新布局主导着它们的技术扩散方向,中国企业技术创新与扩散的宽度大,但是优势技术少,技术深度低。而跨国企业优势技术多,技术扩散的深度高,技术专业化程度比较高。     

复杂网络视角下的BIM技术扩散研究

结合TOE框架理论与创新决策过程,探讨基于Agent的创新扩散模型与Bass模型的内在联系,系统归类及分析BBIM扩散影响因素,研究并构建以技术、组织和环境因素为变量,个体采纳为结果的BIM技术扩散模型.利用Netlogo软件对BIM技术扩散进行动态仿真,分析复杂网络上的BIM技术扩散特征及扩散趋势.研究结果表明,BIM技术初始成熟度显著影响扩散速度,但并不能扩大扩散范围;BIM技术进步系数、网络平均度对BIM扩散起着积极稳定的影响;在一定条件下,BIM技术初始成熟度能够削弱建筑企业需求差异.     

社会关系网络与新产品创新绩效——基于知识技术协同的调节效应模型

基于社会关系网络、知识技术协同和新产品创新绩效的相关文献,提出了将三者整合的分析框架,分析了社会关系网络和知识技术协同对企业新产品创新绩效的影响,尤其探讨了知识技术协同在社会关系网络与新产品创新绩效关系中的调节作用;并通过长三角地区316家中小型企业的问卷调查数据,运用层次回归法得出以下实证结果:(1)社会关系网络对企业新产品创新绩效具有显著的正向影响;(2)协同双方的知识技术协同程度能够提高企业的新产品创新绩效;(3)知识技术协同在社会关系网络与新产品创新绩效关系中起到调节作用。     

高技术船舶产业共性技术协同创新模式研究

高技术船舶产业共性技术的协同创新发展是克服各种研发失灵问题的关键所在，也是国家实现海洋强国目标的基石和重要支柱。鉴于此，从技术链视角引入技术弹性、扩散度和成功率等参数，概括出政府主导、市场主导和政府-市场结合3种情形，建立高技术船舶产业共性技术研发的Stackelberg主从博弈模型，并对不同模式下的投入程度和最佳收益进行求解。结果表明：市场主导模式下船舶研究院、船企的投入水平和效益远不及政府主导、政府-市场结合模式，不应该采纳；当某项产业共性技术弹性低、横向和纵向扩散难度大、船舶研究院获益少时，运用政府主导模式更加合理，反之则选择政府-市场结合模式。最后，从政府清晰定位角色、产业共性技术分类等方面提出管理对策，为高技术船舶产业的进步提供指导。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence