3.0T磁敏感加权成像与弥散成像对兔颅脑爆震伤的实验研究

目的:建立可靠、稳定的颅脑爆震伤模型,探讨磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI)及弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)序列对颅脑爆震伤早期出血灶及非出血灶的诊断价值及预后评估作用,旨在为临床治疗提供合理依据.方法:对30只新西兰大白兔执行兔颅脑爆震,炸后执行常规断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)、核磁共振成像(nuclear magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)、SWI及DWI扫描,SWI、DWI图像及数据处理通过SWI、DWI后处理软件自动得到,对病灶进行量化分析;采用functool 2软件对感兴趣区进行量化分析得到其表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC);解剖兔颅脑,进行病理学检查,与其同一层面SWI及DWI图像对照分析.结果:30只实验兔中,6只兔的CT、T1WI、T2WI序列显示脑内未见任何异常信号影.SWI序列显示点状(315/42.7％)、片状(218/29.5％)及线样(205/27.8％)低信号影,比其他序列检出出血灶多(x2=10.00,P＜0.01).DWI显示非出血灶呈点状(102/54.0％)、片样(33/17.5％)高信号影,边缘清晰.DWI序列检出非出血灶数目多于常规T1WI、T2WI序列(x2=10.01,P＜0.01),ADC值降低程度与生存时间呈线性相关(分别为:r=0.53,P=0.05).结论:SWI能够检出较多隐匿出血灶,DWI明显提高对非出血灶检出率,尤其小片状非出血灶检出率,并且通过测定ADC值降低程度对预后评估具有作用,因此为临床诊治提供指导依据.     

索拉菲尼通过下调ELK-3抑制肝纤维化的进展

目的:探讨索拉菲尼与ELK-3和上皮-间质转化以及肝纤维化的关系及其作用机制。方法:Western blot检测索拉菲尼对TGF-β1诱导的肝细胞EMT细胞模型中EMT标志蛋白、ELK-3蛋白表达以及p38 MAPK蛋白的表达的影响。Masson′s trichrome染色检测索拉菲尼对肝纤维化动物组织中胶原沉积水平以及对EMT标志蛋白、α-SMA和ELK-3蛋白表达的影响。结果:索拉菲尼组处理的EMT组与EMT组相比,E-cadherin的表达水平显著升高(P0.05),Vimentin、ELK-3蛋白表达和p38磷酸化水平均显著降低(P0.05)。索拉菲尼灌胃的肝纤维化组与肝纤维化组相比,E-cadherin的表达水平显著升高(P0.05),Vimentin、α-SMA和ELK-3蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P0.05)。结论:索拉菲尼通过下调p38MAPK/ELK-3抑制肝细胞的上皮-间质转化进而抑制肝纤维化的进展。     

磁共振弥散成像技术在肝脏疾病诊断中的新进展

MR I自应用于临床以来,因其具有良好的软组织分辨力以及多参数成像的优势而得到广泛采用。常规MR I序列主要包括:自旋回波(spin echo,SE)序列的T1W I、T2W I以及钆喷葡替胺酸(Gd-DTPA)增强,所显示的是病变的含水量、血流的流空现象和对比剂透过毛细血管进入病灶等情况,弥散加权成像(d iffusion-weighted imaging,DW l)是磁共振功能成像方法之一,通过对水分子的弥散运动的研究,能在早期提供准确的病理生理状态下,组织成份之间水交换的功能状况,和组织空间组成的相关信息。磁共振功能成像(functional magnetic resonance ima-ging,fMR l)主要包括弥散加权成像DW I与灌注加权成像(perfusion-weighted imaging,PW I),其中DW I对超早期脑缺血的定性与定量诊断价值已得到验证,在确定中枢神经系统、骨骼系统肿瘤性质及范围中也得到一定程度的应用。近年来,DW I尝试用于肝脏疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断,开拓并丰富了肝脏疾病诊断的方法,补充了常规MR I的不足,以往肝脏弥散加权成像受呼吸、心跳及化学位移等因素影响,成像...     

索拉菲尼通过调控ELK-3抑制人肝癌细胞的上皮-间质转化

目的:探讨索拉菲尼与ELK-3以及上皮-间质转化的关系及其作用机制.方法:将Hu H7细胞分为对照组和索拉菲尼处理组.显微镜观察细胞的形态变化,Western blot检测ELK-3、ELK-3靶基因EGR-1、EMT相关分子钙黏附素E(E-cadherin)、波形蛋白(vimentin)的表达和MAPK信号通路蛋白p38的表达.结果:与对照组比较,索拉菲尼处理肝癌细胞后其ELK-3和ELK-3的靶基因EGR-1的蛋白表达均显著降低(P0.01),E-cadherin表达水平升高(P0.01),vimentin的表达及p38磷酸化水平均降低(P0.01).结论:索拉菲尼通过调控ELK-3/p38抑制人肝癌细胞的上皮-间质转化.     

CT、MRI诊断超急性期脑梗死和急性期脑出血的临床价值分析

分别采用CT和MRI诊断超急性期脑梗死和急性期脑出血患者,分析两种影像,以判断两种诊断方法的准确率.结果显示,超急性期脑梗死磁共振弥散加权像(DWI)上呈明显异常高信号,CT未见明显异常显像;急性脑出血CT有明确诊断,MRI信号复杂,需与CT对比分析做出判断.得出结论,CT对急性期脑出血检查可明确诊断,但对超急性期脑梗死患者诊断并不理想;MRI常规序列检查对急性期脑出血患者均表现为等信号或稍低信号、或不敏感,而建立在MRI基础上的磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)对超急性期脑梗死患者的检出率高达100%.因此,一般认为,MRI在超急性期脑梗死与急性期脑出血中的诊断率均明显高于CT,尤其对超急性期脑梗死的诊断更具有优势.     

磁共振成像技术在宫颈癌中的临床应用进展

宫颈癌是妇科常见恶性肿瘤,在发达国家中发病率排名第三,在发展中国家高居首位。近年来,随着宫颈癌早期筛查项目的不断开展,宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率已大大降低。然而,宫颈癌发病越来趋年轻化,早期诊断和早期治疗尤为重要。宫颈癌的临床治疗主要是基于临床分期,磁共振是宫颈癌的首选影像学评估手段。随着高场强设备的不断推新和扫描序列的不断优化,常规磁共振检查技术,功能磁成像技术如弥散加权成像、动态增强扫描技术等对宫颈癌的术前诊断备受关注,可为宫颈癌诊断与治疗疗效评估提供有力保障,辅助临床医师做出规范化、个体化的治疗方案。文章就弥散加权成像技术、动态增强扫描技术在宫颈癌的诊断及疗效评价等应用方面进行综述。     

肢体远隔缺血后适应对SD大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的：研究肢体远隔缺血后适应（limbremoteisehemiepostconditioning,RIP）对脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法：建造大脑中动脉闭塞模型,予以双下肢远隔缺血后适应,采用Bederson评分法对雄性SD大鼠脑缺血后12、24、72h进行评分,运用磁共振T2加权像（T2-WeightedImaging,T2WI）计算梗死体积。结果：RIP组大鼠24h后Bederson评分较再灌注模型组评分减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,据T2WI算得RIP组脑梗死体积在12、24、72h均较再灌注模型组减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：RIP减少缺血后24h神经功能评分,减少梗死体积,具有减轻再灌注损伤作用。     

失读症儿童磁共振脑成像研究——优化体素形态学分析

使用3.0T磁共振扫描仪对15位失读症儿童和15位正常儿童进行脑部T1加权成像,在Matlab和SPM8环境下运用优化体素形态学方法对两组受试脑灰质和脑白质容量进行对比分析,结果显示:失读症儿童和正常儿童的整体脑容量没有显著性差异(灰质p=0.664,白质p=0.598,脑脊液p=0.145,脑总容量p=0.447);但与正常儿童相比,失读症儿童左脑额中回(left middle frontal gyrus)灰质和左脑颞中回(left middle temporal gyrus)白质脑容量低于正常儿童(puncorr<0.001)。研究表明,儿童失读症可能与左脑语言区灰质、白质容量降低有关。     

失读症儿童磁共振脑成像VBM DARTEL研究

使用3.0TGE磁共振扫描仪对16位失读症儿童和16位对照组儿童进行脑部T1加权成像,运用体素形态学DARTEL方法对两组受试脑图像进行预处理.VBM8工具箱分析结果显示,失读症儿童与正常儿童灰质(p=0.432)、白质(p=0.413)、整体脑容量(p=0.238)没有显著性差异.SPM8对两组受试脑灰质和脑白质分别做双样本T-test检验.结果显示,失读症儿童左脑额下回灰质(Voxel=355)低于正常儿童(p0.05).失读症儿童语言阅读障碍可能与大脑语言区灰质密度下降有关.     

一项基于肿瘤基因数据库关于综合分析缺氧导致的肝细胞癌的蛋白预测标志物miR-210变化的研究（英文）

目的:研究肝癌细胞缺氧微环境导致mi R-210表达变化与肿瘤进展、预后等相关性。创新点:首次阐明了mi R-210表达与肝癌预后及缺氧相关基因的关系。方法:选取肿瘤基因数据库(TCGA)中424位肝癌患者的mi R-210表达水平、临床病理参数及缺氧相关基因(HIF1α、HIF3α、PTPN1和BNIP3)表达量,研究mi R-210与肝癌预后及缺氧基因之间的相关性。结论:mi R-210的表达与肝细胞癌进展分期呈正相关,它的高表达预示更低的无瘤生存率。因此,推测mi R-210可能与肿瘤细胞缺氧相关性死亡有关。     

Endostatin inhibits hypertrophic scarring in a rabbit ear model

Objective:The present study was designed to use an in vivo rabbit ear scar model to investigate the efficacy of systemic administration of endostatin in inhibiting scar formation.Methods:Eight male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups.Scar model was established by making six full skin defect wounds in each ear.For the intervention group,intraperitoneal injection of endostatin was performed each day after the wound healed(about 15 d post wounding).For the control group,equal volume of saline was injected.Thickness of scars in each group was measured by sliding caliper and the scar microcirculatory perfusion was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry on Days 15,21,28,and 35 post wounding.Rabbits were euthanatized and their scars were harvested for histological and proteomic analyses on Day 35 post wounding.Results:Macroscopically,scars of the control group were thicker than those of the intervention group.Significant differences between the two groups were observed on Days 21 and 35(p<0.05).Scar thickness,measured by scar elevation index(SEI) at Day 35 post wounding,was significantly reduced in the intervention group(1.09±0.19) compared with the controls(1.36±0.28).Microvessel density(MVD) observed in the intervention group(1.73±0.94) was significantly lower than that of the control group(5.63±1.78) on Day 35.The distribution of collagen fibers in scars treated with endostatin was relatively regular,while collagen fibers in untreated controls were thicker and showed disordered alignment.Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of type I collagen and Bcl-2 were depressed by injection of endostatin.Conclusions:Our results from the rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model indicate that systemic application of endostatin could inhibit local hypertrophic scar formation,possibly through reducing scar vascularization and angiogenesis.Our results indicated that endostatin may promote the apoptosis of endothelial cells and block their release of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor(FGF),thereby controlling collagen production by fibroblasts.Blood vessel-targeted treatment may be a promising strategy for scar therapy.     

Anethum graveolens Linn. (dill) extract enhances the mounting frequency and level of testicular tyrosine protein phosphorylation in rats

Objective:To investigate the effect of Anethum graveolens(AG) extracts on the mounting frequency,histology of testis and epididymis,and sperm physiology.Methods:Male rats induced by cold immobilization before treating with vehicle or AG extracts [50,150,and 450 mg/kg body weight(BW)] via gastric tube for consecutive 1,7,and 14 d were examined for mounting frequency,testicular phosphorylation level by immunoblotting,sperm concentration,sperm acrosome reaction,and histological structures of testis and epididymis,respectively.Results:AG(50 mg/kg BW) significantly increased the mounting frequency on Days 1 and 7 compared to the control group.Additionally,rat testis treated with 50 mg/kg BW AG showed high levels of phosphorylated proteins as compared with the control group.In histological analyses,AG extract did not affect the sperm concentration,acrosome reaction,and histological structures of testis and epididymis.Conclusions:AG extract enhances the aphrodisiac activity and is not harmful to sperm and male reproductive organs.     

In vivo application of poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate as peripheral nerve graft

Objective

This study aims to investigate the degree of biocompatibility and neuroregeneration of a polymer tube, poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate (PHO) in nerve gap repair.

Methods

Forty Wistar Albino male rats were randomized into two groups: autologous nerve gap repair group and PHO tube repair group. In each group, a 10-mm right sciatic nerve defect was created and reconstructed accordingly. Neuroregeneration was studied by sciatic function index (SFI), electromyography, and immunohistochemical studies on Days 7, 21, 45 and 60 of implantation. Biocompatibility was analyzed by the capsule formation around the conduit. Biodegradation was analyzed by the molecular weight loss in vivo.

Results

Electrophysiological and histomorphometric assessments demonstrated neuroregeneration in both groups over time. In the experimental group, a straight alignment of the Schwann cells parallel to the axons was detected. However, autologous nerve graft seems to have a superior neuroregeneration compared to PHO grafts. Minor biodegradation was observed in PHO conduit at the end of 60 d.

Conclusions

Although neuroregeneration is detected in PHO grafts with minor degradation in 60 d, autologous nerve graft is found to be superior in axonal regeneration compared to PHO nerve tube grafts. PHO conduits were found to create minor inflammatory reaction in vivo, resulting in good soft tissue response.     

Antioxidant activity and protective effect of Clitoria ternatea flower extract on testicular damage induced by ketoconazole in rats

Background

Ketoconazole (KET), an antifungal drug, has adverse effects on the male reproductive system. Pre-treatments with antioxidant plant against testicular damage induced by KET are required. The flowers of Clitoria ternatea (CT) are proven to have hepatoprotective potential. However, the protective effect on KET-induced testicular damage has not been reported.

Objective

To investigate the protective effect of CT flower extracts with antioxidant activity on male reproductive parameters including sperm concentration, serum testosterone level, histopathology of the testis, and testicular tyrosine phosphorylation levels in rats induced with KET.

Methods

The antioxidant activity of CT flower extracts was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Male rats were treated with CT flower extracts (10, 50, or 100 mg/kg BW) or distilled water via a gastric tube for 28 d (preventive period: Days 1–21) and induced by KET (100 mg/kg BW) via intraperitoneal injection for 7 d (induction period: Days 22–28). After the experiment, all animals were examined for the weights of the testis, epididymis plus vas deferens and seminal vesicle, serum testosterone levels, sperm concentration, histological structures and diameter of testis, and testicular tyrosine phosphorylation levels by immunoblotting.

Results

The CT flower extracts had capabilities for DPPH scavenging and high reducing power. At 100 mg/kg BW, the extract had no toxic effects on the male reproductive system. Significantly, in CT+KET groups, CT flower extracts (50 and 100 mg/kg BW) alleviated the reduction of reproductive organ weight parameters, testosterone levels, and sperm concentration. In addition, CT flower extracts gave protection from testicular damage in KET-induced rats. Moreover, in the CT100+KET group, CT flower extracts significantly enhanced the expression of a testicular 50-kDa tyrosine phosphorylated protein compared with that of other groups.

Conclusions

C. ternatea flower extracts possessing antioxidant activity are not harmful to the male reproductive system and can protect against testicular damage in KET-induced rats.     

Delivering MC3T3-E1 cells into injectable calcium phosphate cement through alginate-chitosan microcapsules for bone tissue engineering

研究目的：本研究应用海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微囊保护成骨细胞,接种到β-磷酸三钙/磷酸钙骨水泥（β-TCP/CPC）浆料中,使β-TCP/CPC骨修复材料具有一定的细胞活性,同时提高固化后材料的孔隙率和孔径,以最终实现提高β-TCP/CPC骨水泥的降解速度,加快成骨和骨修复。创新要点：本研究首次应用海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微胶囊包封成骨细胞与CPC浆料复合,复合后实现自动细胞释放,释放出的细胞具有良好的生物学活性。研究方法：（1）高压静电成囊法制备载小鼠成骨前体细胞（MC3T3-E1）的海藻酸钙和海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微胶囊;（2）微囊化MC3T3-E1细胞,进行体外培养,使用细胞计数试剂盒（CCK-8）检测细胞活性,并用钙黄绿素-AM（Calcein-AM）和碘化丙啶（PI）进行活死细胞双重染色;（3）微囊化MC3T3-E1细胞与β-TCP/CPC浆料复合培养后,激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和环境扫描电子显微镜观测细胞在材料上的释放、粘附,CCK-8法检测材料上细胞的活力,碱性磷酸酶（ALP）检测观察细胞的分化状况,茜素红染色观察释放细胞的矿化能力。重要结论：海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微胶囊可作为可注射磷酸钙骨水泥内部接种成骨细胞并实现细胞释放的良好载体,释放出的成骨细胞具有良好的生物学活性。     

Protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline on ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat skin flap

Objective

Skin damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a multifactorial process that often occurs in plastic surgery. The mechanisms of I/R injury include hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative damage. Hydrogen gas has been reported to alleviate cerebral I/R injury by acting as a free radical scavenger. Here, we assessed the protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) on skin flap I/R injury.

Methods

Abdominal skin flaps of rats were elevated and ischemia was induced for 3 h; subsequently, HRS or physiological saline was administered intraperitoneally 10 min before reperfusion. On postoperative Day 5, flap survival, blood perfusion, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and levels of cytokines were evaluated. Histological examinations were performed to assess inflammatory cell infiltration.

Results

Skin flap survival and blood flow perfusion were improved by HRS relative to the controls. The production of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation, was markedly reduced. A multiplex cytokine assay revealed that HRS reduced the elevation in the levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, with the exception of RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) growth factor. HRS treatment also reduced inflammatory cell infiltration induced by I/R injury.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that HRS mitigates I/R injury by decreasing inflammation and, therefore, has the potential for application as a therapy for improving skin flap survival.     

β-receptor blocker influences return of spontaneous circulation and chemical examination in rats during cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Objective

We investigated the influence of β-receptor blocker metoprolol on return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rats with induced myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham-operated group, the MI group without metoprolol, which was fed the vehicle, and the MI+metoprolol group receiving intragastric metoprolol. Each group was further divided randomly into three subgroups, depending on the dosage of epinephrine administered during subsequent CPR applied after the induction of asphyxial cardiac arrest.

Results

The ROSC rate was significantly decreased in the low dose subgroup of MI group, unchanged in the medium dose subgroup of MI group, and significantly decreased in the high dose subgroup of MI group, compared with the same dose subgroup of sham-operated group. MI+metoprolol group had a lower ROSC rate than MI group in the medium dose subgroup, and a higher ROSC rate than MI group in the high dose subgroup. There was no difference in blood K⁺ values of successful rats between MI group and MI+metoprolol group. The rats with successful CPR had lower blood K⁺ values than rats with unsuccessful CPR in each of the three treatment groups.

Conclusions

Metoprolol administered to MI rats over a long period significantly improved ROSC rates under an appropriate dose of epinephrine during CPR. An increasing high blood K⁺ value would attenuate the rate of a successful CPR.     

Effects of Huangqi and bear bile on recurrent parotitis in children: a new clinical approach

Objective:To evaluate the pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicine,bear bile capsule and Huangqi granule,on recurrent parotitis in children.Methods:In this prospective,controlled,and randomized study,a total of 151 young children were divided into three groups:Group A included massaging the children’s parotid region and melting vitamin C in their mouth daily;Group B included swallowing bear bile capsule and Huangqi granule daily;and Group C included massages and vitamin C as prescribed in Group A,and traditional Chinese medicine as prescribed in Group B.Children were treated individually for one month and then a follow-up study was conducted for 1 to 3.5 years.Analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Ridit analysis were employed for statistical analysis.Results:The recurrence rate decreased in every group,but was significantly more in Groups B and C when compared to Group A.The recurrences significantly decreased(P<0.01) in Group B and their recovery rate was as high as 63%,significantly better than those of the other groups(P<0.01).Conclusions:Huangqi and bear bile could be a novel clinical approach for treating recurrent parotitis in children.     

Propolis modulates vitronectin, laminin, and heparan sulfate/heparin expression during experimental burn healing

Objective

This study was aimed at assessing the dynamics of vitronectin (VN), laminin (LN), and heparan sulfate/heparin (HS/HP) content changes during experimental burn healing.

Methods

VN, LN, and HS/HP were isolated and purified from normal and injured skin of domestic pigs, on the 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, and 21st days following thermal damage. The wounds were treated with apitherapeutic agent (propolis), silver sulfadiazine (SSD), physiological salt solution, and propolis vehicle. VN and LN were quantified using an immunoenzymatic assay and HS/HP was estimated by densitometric analysis.

Results

Propolis treatment stimulated significant increases in VN, LN, and HS/HP contents during the initial phase of study, followed by a reduction in the estimated extracellular matrix molecules. Similar patterns, although less extreme, were observed after treatment with SSD.

Conclusions

The beneficial effects of propolis on experimental wounds make it a potential apitherapeutic agent in topical burn management.     

Comparison of laparoscopic hepatectomy,percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and open hepatectomy in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective

Three mainstream techniques—laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH), percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (pRFA), and open hepatectomy (OH)—were compared in this study, in terms of their efficacies in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

A comparative study was performed within a total of 94 patients diagnosed with small HCC in our hospital from 2005 to 2010, who underwent LH (28), RFA (33), or OH (33). They had either a single tumor lesion of less than 5 cm or up to three nodules with diameters of less than 3 cm each. Outcomes were carefully evaluated throughout a 3-year follow-up interval and statistically interpreted.

Results

The pRFA group had a significantly lower disease-free survival rate compared with the two surgical groups (P=0.001) and significantly shorter overall survival (P=0.005), while the LH group and the OH group had no difference in survival results. For patients younger than 60 years old, surgical approaches offered a better long-term overall survival prognosis (P=0.008). There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in overall survival for elderly patients (P=0.104).

Conclusions

Among patients with small HCC, LH may provide better curative effects than pRFA without increasing complication rates. pRFA leads to faster recurrence than surgical resections. LH has similar therapeutic effects to OH and causes less trauma. For patients younger than 60 years old, LH may be the best curative treatment. Elderly patients may choose either surgery or pRFA.