高校人力资源管理激励机制探析

目前,高校人力资源管理激励机制存在重物质激励、轻精神激励,重保健因素、轻激励因素,绩效考评体系不够健全,目标激励机制有待完善,培训激励机制作用弱化等不足。完善高校人力资源激励机制需稳抓物质激励、加强精神激励,保健因素与激励因素相结合,健全绩效考评激励机制,完善目标激励机制,强化培训激励机制,加强文化激励机制。     

教师科研绩效激励机制研究——基于新制度经济学的视角

目前许多研究试着从不同角度探索如何激励组织或者个人以提高组织绩效。本文试图将新制度经济学理论运用到社科领域的教师的科研绩效评价当中,力图通过基于知识和能力的绩效激励机制,促进教师不断提升研究能力,从而提高社会科学整体研究质量。     

我国高校教师激励机制的效果研究

高校所承载的人才培养、科学研究、社会服务等职能的实现高度依赖于教师人力资本,而教师是追求个人利益最大化的"经济人",必然权衡在不同任务间的资源配置,存在隐藏信息和隐藏行为冲动。高校与教师间存在多任务、多维度的委托—代理关系所造成的效率损失。教师是具有边际贡献率递增特征的异质性人力资本,其效率优主要取决于高校激励机制的有效性。文章以S高校为例,从代理人的角度分析高校现行教师激励的实现路径及效果,通过教师工作满意度问卷调查及教师激励、绩效相关数据搜集,对激励机制有效性进行实证检验。研究发现,案例高校科研激励与教学激励有效性存在差异,科研激励机制比较好地实现激励作用。科研激励中的显性和隐性激励对绩效的直接作用路径存在,隐性科研激励部分需通过教师满意度的传导作用对科研绩效产生影响。教学激励中的显性和隐性激励对教师满意度和教学绩效不产生影响,教师工作满意度对教学绩效产生比较微弱的影响。     

浅析我国高校人文社会科学教师科研绩效评价的变革

本文回顾了我国高校人文社会科学教师科研绩效评价的变革及其原因和特点,认为评价主体的多元化、评价方法的多样化、评价体系的科学化是其发展的主线,指出在量化考核和同行评审两种科研评价方法中寻求平衡、更好地运用约束和激励机制平衡科研的数量与质量是目前高校在对人文社会科学教师科研绩效进行评价时必须思考的主要问题。     

略论高校教学管理中人文关怀式的激励机制

利用科学有效的激励机制提高教师的发展能力,是高校应对新形势、新任务、新问题的重要课题。分析了人文关怀式的激励机制应注意的问题,提出了应人性化地设置教师外部激励,促进教学科研发展;培养教师教学能力,提高教师教学综合技术水平与绩效收益;高校要积极构建柔性的报酬制度;加强优化对教师精神的激励等完善高校教师激励机制,促进高校教学管理的策略。     

高校教师科研与教学激励机制的权衡分析

任何一个大学对教师的评价及激励机制都不可避免地会涉及到教学和科研两个方面,一个客观存在的事实是,大部分高校在评价与激励机制中都存在着“重科研”而“轻教学”的现象。因此,我们必须建立一个符合我国长远利益的、科学合理的、公正的教师评价体系,以对科研和教学活动的激励进行充分权衡。     

新常态下地方本科院校的教学质量提升策略研究——以南京信息工程大学为例

新常态下地方本科院校的教学质量提高问题亟待解决。本文基于新常态对教学质量提高影响的机理分析,指出现阶段地方本科院校尚存在重课堂授课与评估,轻学生反馈与能力训练;重惩罚教师措施,轻激励机制;重科研的单向作用,轻科研对教学的叠加能力;重国际化形式,轻约束机制等四个方面问题。最后以南京信息工程大学为例,提出加强供给侧改革、奖罚并重、以研寓于教以及提高国际化的质量等措施。     

农村中小学教师激励机制问题研究

目前,我国农村中小学教师的激励机制面临薪酬制度不合理、激励机制缺少公平性、激励方法缺乏科学性、缺乏有效的竞争机制、评价机制不完善等问题。基于原因分析,通过建立合理的薪酬制度、优化公平环境、深入研究激励理论、完善教师聘任制度和职称评定制度、教师工资与绩效相结合、个体激励与团体薪酬相结合、实行多元化评价等路径,可以调动农村中小学教师的积极性。     

高职院校科研项目结项分类绩效考核模式研究

随着高职院校内涵式发展,各高职院校科研项目经费投入越来越多。但较科研立项工作而言,科研结项的绩效考核尚待加强。按照分类观点,将科研项目的结题绩效分为纵向科技类、纵向人文社科类、横向科技类和横向人文社科类4种类型进行考核。     

高校教师绩效薪酬制度改革探析

教师绩效薪酬制度改革是当前高校人事改革的重要内容,是优化人力资源配置的关键路径。1999年以来,我国高校相继进行了岗位津贴制度的改革探索,初步形成了"以岗位为基础、以绩效为主体、以奖励为重点"的多元化的教师绩效薪酬制度,建立较为合理的激励分配机制,与此同时,也存在着薪酬结构的保障性因素减弱、薪酬的形式过于单一、量化评价易造成教师"重科研轻教学"等问题。通过对高校现行绩效薪酬制度的模式、特点的概括,分析了绩效薪酬制度实施的成效及存在的问题,提出了完善高校教师薪酬制度的对策和建议。     

科学评估高校人文社会科学教师教学水平的意义和原则

高校的人文社会科学教育教学及研究工作在繁荣社会科学、提升人文素质方面负有义不容辞的重任,高校人文社会科学教师自身人文素质如何、教学水平高低,对于提高大学生的综合素质至关重要.对高校人文社会科学教师的教学水平进行科学评估,有着十分重要的意义,在评估过程中应把握好相应的几个原则性问题.     

科学评估高校人文社会科学教师教学水平的意义和原则

高校的人文社会科学教育教学及研究工作在繁荣社会科学、提升人文素质方面负有义不容辞的重任，高校人文社会科学教师自身人文素质如何、教学水平高低，对于提高大学生的综合素质至关重要。对高校人文社会科学教师的教学；妊平进行科学评估，有着十分重要的意义，在评估过程中应把握好相应的几个原则性问题。     

Consequences of Project Organisation in Graduate Education

It is a common assumption that disciplinary differences in the organisation of research and knowledge structure have implications for graduate students' learning processes. The present study indicates, however, that even though the inclusion of master's degree students in faculty member's research projects are much more common in the natural sciences than in the humanities and the social sciences, such projects improve quality and effectiveness of graduate education in all fields of learning. Disciplinary differences imply, nevertheless, that projects should be organised differently. Graduate education in the humanities and the social sciences should be organised as research seminars and umbrella projects of individual student theses to a greater extent, rather than trying to apply a research organisation model developed in laboratory fields.     

科学精神：人文社会科学研究的必然属性

科学精神是人文社会科学研究的必然属性。从人文社会学科发展成人文社会科学有其逻辑的必然，内在动因是人文社会科学内部科学精神的成长。现代科学精神促成人文社会学科的科学化，使其具有越来越高的客观性和理性，在方法论上也越来越科学化。在科学精神的推动下，科学存在着自然科学、人文科学和社会科学融合为“一门科学”的逻辑可能。     

大学教师有效教学行为的学科差异与共性特征

基于2019年《中国本科教与学调查China College Teaching&Learning Survey(CCTL)》数据,根据学科知识特征分析不同学科教学发现:我国大学教师教学行为存在显著的学科差异,总体上人文学科与理学的学生评分高于工科、农医艺学科及社会科学;针对同类院校的学科差异分析发现,当前我国偏应用类学科的本科教学可能存在更多问题。因此,本科教学改革须重视:一是尊重应用型学科的知识特点,构建教师关注实践教学与研究的激励性制度;二是搭建产学研合作平台,提升应用型学科教师的教学能力。     

对高等教育学“危机”及发展的思考

高等教育学学科面临“危机”成为近些年热议的学术话题。然而,从建制和理智层面来分析,高等教育学建制“危机”其实并不存在。个别高校对学位点和研究机构的调整是一种正常的改革行为,并未有充分证据说明在全国范围内该学科的建制出现全局性崩溃;理智“危机”也并不存在,持“危机说”者实则是对高等教育学抱有非合理的“自然科学化”固念。从经济学、社会学、管理学等学科的经验来看,自然科学化并非解决人文社会学科所谓理智“危机”的“灵丹妙药”,人文社会学科与自然科学有所区别的知识结构和发展特点是其正常属性而非理智“危机”。故而,与其说高等教育学学科面临“危机”是一种事实判断,毋宁说是一种警示象征和推动学科再发展的话语策略。面向未来发展,高等教育学应着力于回归知识本义、聚焦中微观研究、推进技术学建设、发展特殊性理论以及构建完整学科力量,谋求新的突破。     

An Exploratory Study of Chinese University Undergraduates’ Global Competence: Effects of Internationalisation at Home and Motivation

Global competence is categorised into three dimensions: knowledge, skills/experience and attitudes. This study aims to investigate the global competence discrepancies of Chinese undergraduates in universities and regions of different development levels, as well as the effects of internationalisation efforts at home and students’ motivation on global competence. To this end, 2,695 students within nine universities (three 985 project universities, three 211 project universities and three provincial universities) in three Chinese cities (Beijing, Nanjing and Changchun) participated in this survey. The findings revealed that Chinese undergraduates have positive global attitudes, but they seem to lack sufficient global knowledge. Students from 985 project universities reported gaining higher global competence than students from 211 project and provincial universities, and students from Beijing reported higher global competence than students from Nanjing and Changchun. Competence discrepancies concerning fields of study were also found. The results of hierarchical regression analysis suggest that gender, 985 and 211 project universities, Beijing city, social sciences and humanities, experience of contact with foreigners on campus activities, enrolment in courses related to internationalisation and students’ motivation were predictive of Chinese students’ global competence.     

The Bachelor of Arts: slipping into the twilight or facing a new dawn?

Undergraduate students have historically engaged with the humanities and social sciences through the Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree programme. Recent experiences suggest that the relevance and the value of the degree to the modern world is now being challenged: populist press questions the value of the humanities to the modern knowledge economy; public funding for teaching in the social sciences and humanities in higher education has been slashed in the UK and elsewhere; humanities and social sciences schools and departments in the USA, New Zealand and Canada rationalised and restructured; BA programmes in some Australian universities closed. All seems to suggest that the sun is setting on the BA. This paper argues that, in Australia at least, these actions have been made on the basis of a flawed understanding of contemporary BA programmes. It asserts that the contemporary BA is a very different creature to that of even the recent past. The paper offers a new definition of the contemporary Australian BA degree programme developed as a result of a comparative historical analysis research study across 39 Australian institutions. It extends an argument that perhaps the time is right for a re-examination of what is meant by ‘BA’ – before we declare the degree a relic of the past.     

论中学人文课程内容的二元结构

人文科学与社会科学是人文社会科学的两个最大子学科,人文科学着重研究"人",社会科学着重研究"人的世界",因此,人文社会科学的内容具有"人与人的世界"的二元结构。中学人文课程的教学目标是:一,教育学生正确认识自我、完善自我,形成正确的人的观念,学习如何做人;二,教育学生正确认识和善处外部世界,形成正确的世界意识,学会生存和发展,学会融入社会,为社会做贡献。因此,中学人文课程的内容同样具有"人与人的世界"的二元结构。按照"人与人的世界"的二元结构,中学人文课程设置可以这样构想:中学思想政治课名称改为"人生品德"课,以人学系列(含人学、心理学、伦理学、美学、哲学等子学科)知识为其全部教学内容,而将现行《思想政治》课程中的人文世界知识剥离出去;设置"人文世界"课以替换试验区的《历史与社会》课,同时取消单科历史课与地理课,"人文世界"课的内容是全部人文世界学系列(含社会科学——社会学、历史学、经济学、法学、政治学和人文自然学——人文地理学、环境学、生态学)知识。     

Student teachers'' knowledge of literacy practices in school

Current conceptions of literacy education require reading/writing teachers who have rich internal representations of the multiplicity of text types found in the school environment.This study focused on student teachers who specialize in reading and writing. The purpose of this study was to describe the representations of discipline-specific, literacy practices. Using the research methods of self-completion questionnaires and focus-group discussions, 50 reading/writing student teachers described the literacy practices of seven school disciplines: Literature, Bible, History, Geography, Chemistry, Biology and Computers. The participants' data was analyzed qualitatively and was then analyzed for its underlying structure using a hierarchical cluster analysis technique. The results show that these student teachers have a separate representation for the literacy practices of each school discipline which includes a set of specific characteristic features and an underlying structure of similarities between school disciplines in relation to these literacy practices. In addition, an affective component was identified for these groupings of literacy practices. The underlying structure of this inner world of text types involved the broad differentiation between the sciences and the humanities. The student teachers of this study had more detailed and professional knowledge of the humanities than the sciences and they also preferred the humanities. These results indicate a bias against literacy practices in the sciences.