构件强度校核试验微型化问题的探索与研究

提出运用相似理论实现结构试验微型化，较好的解决了常规试验误差较大，和实际零部件试验耗费太高的问题，并借助实例给出了确定实验载荷的理论依据、具体方法和实施步骤。     

生物医学范畴的知情同意-人性尊严的实证分析

在整个价值对立的演绎过程中,知情同意应是最具历史而攸关人权的原则,也同样是具有最多伦理法律实践经验的课题.生物医学时代的知情同意并非单纯的定义、标准、解释或管制问题,而必须分别自哲学与政策思考、治理架构与组织的建构以及特定规范之解释、调适与问题之处理来同时切入.至于常态性的建立一套生物咨询(Genetic Counseling)体制更是在反映地区性的文化差异上有其重大意义.     

Informed consent in research

The relationship between physician and patient, as generally delineated by the Hippocratic Oath and the American Medical Association's 1994 Principles of Medical Ethics, is one between a fiduciary and a principal. In such a relationship, the duties of loyalty and trust run from the fiduciary to the principal. The fiduciary (physician) is the person to whom the relevant interests of the principal (patient) are entrusted. It is the medical best interests of the patient, not the physician, that are in trust. The relationship, while usually gratifying and financially rewarding, is essentially one of professional altruism. Nevertheless, the satisfaction of this fiduciary obligation requires the performance of general duties at levels dictated by the nature and scope of medical intervention.     

论医疗患者的知情同意

知情同意是调整医患关系的基本准则。2009年颁布的《侵权责任法》在医疗损害责任中重点规定了知情同意制度。但因为我国整体医疗立法不足及传统观念的影响,人们尚未认识到知情同意在医患关系中的重要作用。分析知情同意权与知情权的区别,论述其在医患关系中的重要作用,以期促进知情同意制度的法律适用。     

Development of a Metric to Test Group Differences in Ecological Knowledge as One Component of Environmental Literacy

Abstract

Environmental literacy has been defined in numerous ways and attempts have been made to measure how environmentally literate people are. Many attempts to measure literacy have instead measured people's knowledge about pollution and their attitudes toward the environment. According to many environmental education experts, knowledge and attitudes are important components of environmental literacy, especially if the goal of environmental education is to change behavior. However, the experts also indicate that, to change an individual's behavior, knowledge about the environment must be associated with environmental sensitivity, personal beliefs, and decisionmaking and problem-solving skills. The research presented in this article contributes to environmental literacy research by offering a tested, valid survey instrument to measure ecological knowledge—one component of environmental literacy. In this article, we provide an example of how this instrument can be applied by comparing knowledge levels among diverse groups of Ohio citizens.     

Using Weighting Adjustments to Compensate for Survey Nonresponse

Weighting adjustments are used in some studies to compensate for biased estimators produced by survey nonresponse. Using data from the 2004 National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) and the NSSE poststratification weighting algorithm, this study found that weighting adjustments were needed for some, but not all institutions. Unfortunately, no simple criterion for determining when weighting adjustments were needed could be identified. In addition, weighting adjustments reduced the precision of estimators for a majority of the institutions. Based on these findings, institutions and researchers concerned about compensating for nonresponse would be well advised to carefully evaluate the need for, and consequences of, weighting before employing weighting adjustments.     

Redesigning Informed Consent Tools for Specific Research

Consent tools for health research generally are designed without contextual or linguistic factors in mind. This is especially true of university-based research. This case history details our design team's efforts to transform one generic consent form into a set of multimodal tools that will increase patients’ understanding of and participation in a medical study.     

论知情同意的若干法律问题

知情同意义务是一种特殊的同意义务.医疗机构和医务人员进行医疗行为时要对患者进行充分的告知并取得患者的同意,以保障患者自我决定权的实现.基于对惠者自主权的尊重,医师在实施医疗干预措施前必须向患者尽充分的披露义务,向患者披露作为一位理性的患者意欲了解的对患者的医疗决定具有实质性影响的风险和信息,除非存在紧急情形、医疗特权和权利放弃的例外情形.建议我国应该通过立法尽快弥补关于知情同意的条件及其例外的处理、医疗信息的披露内容及尺度等方面规定的缺失.     

k道路连通空间

本文给出k连续映射和k道路连通性的定义．讨论^连续映射等价刻画和性质,证明了k连续满映射保持k连通性和k道路连通性,进而研究k道路连通性的基本性质,证明了k道路连通性是k连通的．k道路连通性是同胚不变性和有限可积;最后讨论k道路连通分支。     

综采工作面老顶周期来压比初次来压时顶板压力显现强烈的原因分析

相邻矿井在开采同一煤层时,易发生工作面液压支架压坐垫(压死架)、局部冒顶的事故。通过研究顶板运动规律,对老顶来压进行观测、记录、分析,进而掌握老顶来压的规律,对其采取一定措施,可以有效减少事故的发生。     

Meeting Student Needs Through the Levels Program and Grade Weighting

Action research is often included in teacher education programs to improve teacher reflection and practice; however, there is little indication of its impact on students. In this article, the authors examine action research conducted by 114 experienced teachers enrolled in a masters of education program. The teachers came from a range of disciplines and grade levels. Based on their investigation, the authors determined that action research provided a vehicle for teachers to (a) establish more personal relationships with students, (b) develop a better understanding of students as learners, and (c) give students a voice in the classroom. The authors illustrate these themes with three portraits of exemplar teachers.     

称重传感器蠕变补偿算法研究

为提高称重传感器的蠕变补偿精度.分析了双指数曲线衰减补偿法,并在此基础上提出了一种基于BP神经网络的称重传感器的蠕变补偿方法.该方法可实现传感器蠕变误差的高精度补偿,且不受环境温度与传感器栽荷等影响,具有很高的推广应用价值,为传感器的蠕变误差补偿提供一种新方法.     

加权的布尔型文本匹配算法研究

本文分析了传统的布尔型文本匹配算法的弊端和缺陷,结合图书文本信息的快速、高效的检索匹配要求,提出了加权的布尔型文本匹配算法。该算法对传统的文本匹配算法中漏检、误检和模糊查询等方面的问题进行了加权处理和结果校正,既保证查询算法的高效与全面性,同时又有效地控制了匹配的准确度,为图书信息查询系统的建立提供一种更好的解决方法。     

关于嵌入式构件模型研究

构件是复用程度很高的软件成分,被认为是现阶段解决软件危机的有效方法.为了提高嵌入式系统的开发效率,时嵌入式构建模型的时间和空间因素做了深入的研究.分析了嵌入式软件模型结构,并提出了基于Java平台的嵌入式构件模型,为Java实践提供有力指导.     

Estimating High School GPA Weighting Parameters With a Graded Response Model

The high school grade point average (GPA) is often adjusted to account for nominal indicators of course rigor, such as “honors” or “advanced placement.” Adjusted GPAs—also known as weighted GPAs—are frequently used for computing students’ rank in class and in the college admission process. Despite the high stakes attached to GPA, weighting policies vary considerably across states and high schools. Previous methods of estimating weighting parameters have used regression models with college course performance as the dependent variable. We discuss and demonstrate the suitability of the graded response model for estimating GPA weighting parameters and evaluating traditional weighting schemes. In our sample, which was limited to self‐reported performance in high school mathematics courses, we found that commonly used policies award more than twice the bonus points necessary to create parity for standard and advanced courses.     

一类具有年龄和加权的半线性种群系统的解

文中应用特征线法证明了一类具有年龄和加权的半线性实变种群系统解的具体形式,所得结果可为种群边界控制问题的实际研究奠定理论基础,并推进了种群系统最优控制等问题的研究.     

基于改进的TF-IDF特征权重算法的网页自动分类

TF-IDF是文档特征权重表示常用方法,但不能真正地反映特征词对区分每个类的贡献。故针对网页分类中特征选择方法存在的问题,加入网页标签特征权重改进TF-IDF公式,提出了一种比较有效的网页分类算法,实验结果表明该方法具有较好的特征选择效果,能够有效地提高分类精度。     

隐私权与知情权刍议

隐私权与知情权作为公民的一项基本人权,已得到了我国宪法的间接保护.但是知情权与隐私权的立法目的和本质的固有矛盾,造成知情权与公共官员隐私权的冲突、公众人物隐私权与公众知情权的冲突.同时我国当前有关公民隐私权与知情权方面基本法律的缺乏,导致现实中知情权与隐私权的冲突调节无标准可循,无法可依.协调和解决隐私权与知情权的冲突,应该确立权利协调一致、实际恶意等原则.同时加强理论研究,完善隐私权与知情权相关法律制度.     

我国人体试验知情同意之立法完善

知情同意是人体试验的关键问题,对于受试者利益的保护具有重要意义。在规范人体试验时,我国法律对知情同意有相关规定,但存在一定的缺失和不足。在研究者告知义务方面,对于研究者的说明事项规范有待改进。在受试者同意方面,将行为能力制度运用于受试者的同意能力不适当,有建立＂医事上同意能力制度＂的必要,且受试者的同意能力应当依据个案判断。知情同意实践中,弱势群体之一孕妇参与人体试验在我国存在立法缺失,应予以补充和完善。