论世界银行政策贷款条件性的概念及其发展

世界银行,是当今世界最大的国际金融开发组织和首要的国际发展组织。作为世界银行的两大信贷工具之一,政策贷款是用于帮助借款国恢复国际收支平衡、填补政策改革和制度建设方面的资金缺口,旨在实现借款国宏观发展目标的非项目贷款。发展中成员国取得政策贷款往往以满足特定条件,例如经济改革、行政改革、司法改革等为前提,习惯上我们把这些条件合称为“条件性”。条件性可谓世界银行在经济全球化的大时代背景下,向国际社会提供的一项公共产品,它以减少贫困、实现全球普遍发展为终极目标。     

论世界银行对中国市场取向大学自主政策的影响

中国和发达国家政府分权尽管都是以“市场化”为取向,可两者的起点是不一样的,市场化的含义具有质的不同。但中国的大学自主政策在取向和具体的制度设计方面却表现出与发达国家极大的相似和一致性,这令我们将研究视点投向了外来因素———世界银行的影响与作用。     

World Bank policy on education: A personal account

Based on the author's over two decades of association with the World Bank, this paper reviews the institution's policies and practice on education. It describes why education policy, as revealed by operations, shifted dramatically since the early Bank projects on education and identifies the reasons for such a shift. The paper argues that the multi-agency Education for All initiative is unrealistic and unlikely to be reached in this century. Also, the paper discusses the Bank's lack of concrete policies and priorities, especially regarding the trade-off between primary and tertiary education.     

Training policies in the World Bank

Taught at the Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, the Vargas Foundation, the University of Chicago, the University of Brasilia, the University of Geneva and the University of Burgundy (Dijon). Was the Technical Co-ordinator of the research project on education in the framework of the Programme of Joint Studies on Latin American Economic Integration (ECIEL), was the director of CAPES (Brazilian Agency for Postgraduate Education) and was the Executive Secretary of CNRH (the Brazilian social policy institute of the Planning Secretariat). At present is the Chief of the Training Policies Branch of the International Labour Office (Geneva). Has published over twenty books and over 150 scholarly articles.     

Distance education and the World Bank

This article is based on a study undertaken for the Education and Training Department at the World Bank which reviewed 32 Bank projects 1963–1985 that included education via broadcasting (television and/or radio) and by correspondence. It is clear that Bank investments in distance education were most beneficial when the borrowing country and the Bank agreed on the educational objectives of the distance education component. It is also clear that distance education was most effective when it was sharply focussed on improving the quality of teaching available, when it was used to offer non-formal education to students who were without teachers and classrooms, and/ or when it met social demands and answered urgent needs for formation of human capital through education and training.     

民主、发展与世界银行

民主与发展存在相互联系的关系,但也并不能得出这样的结论：“民主”和“发展”这两个过程中,其中的某一个过程就一定必须先于另一个过程展开。这两者都要经历持续努力的过程,都要依赖所在国人民自己的努力。世界银行旨在通过贷款等活动促进成员国的经济发展。世界银行的章程禁止世界银行参与政治活动,在作出有关决定时,只能考虑“纯经济因素”,排除提供所谓“政治援助”的任何可能性。     

The global politics of education: Brazil and the World Bank

This paper questions the cultural neutrality of modernizationand globalization policies that are imposed by major internationalmonetary agencies. The authors propose that the structuraladjustment policies imposed by the World Bank and InternationalMonetary Fund are predominantly guided by the concept of developmentalassociation. Guided by this concept, the dominant countries andagencies perceive all developing countries to be merely culturalvariations of the same problem that assumes all countries requirethe same solutions. Through an analysis of the failures of WorldBank programs in Brazil and other developing countries, the authorsargue for greater recognition of the problems inherent in imposingcosmopolitan and global solutions on local contexts. The authorsconclude that globalized solutions for local contexts areinappropriate when they are formulated out of ignorance of thelocal culture and context.     

浅谈乌鲁木齐职业大学申报世界银行贷款项目存在的问题和经验

文章介绍了乌鲁木齐职业大学申请“世界银行支持新疆职业教育贷款项目”的基本情况,从三个方面深刻剖析了项目申报时存在的问题,针对问题从五个方面总结了一些经验,希望能对计划申请世界银行贷款的单位提供一些参考和借鉴.     

世界银行对中国的教育贷款研究

改革开放以来,我国经济已取得了飞速发展,世界银行作为促进我国发展的一个重要的外部资金来源也相应地改变了它的贷款重点。从历史的线索考察这种改变以及世界银行现行的政策和以后的趋势,对我国教育取得世界银行的进一步贷款尤为重要。