国外技术成熟度评价方法及其应用

技术成熟度评价是技术转化过程中需要进行的一项重要工作。本文简要介绍了国外技术成熟度评价的方法,重点分析了九级技术成熟度评价标准及其在国防采办中的要求与应用,为建立国内技术成熟度评价方法提供参考。     

档案学科有关“成熟度”研究的文献综述

档案界“成熟度”研究起步虽然晚,但涉及档案学学科成熟度、软件成熟度、数字化的成熟度、技术成熟度、服务成熟度、客户关系成熟度、市场成熟度、标准化成熟度、行业成熟度、应急预案成熟度等多个方面.但提及各种“成熟度”概念的多,进行专门和系统论述的少,实施应用更少.但这些有限成果为日后研究奠定了基础,并为今后的应用提供借鉴与帮助.     

基于专利价值的技术成熟度测度与分析方法研究

本文从专利价值视角研究技术领域发展成熟度测度分析方法,以提升方法普适性、评价多维性以及分析结果客观性。基于专利价值构建出四个维度的技术成熟度指标体系,并采用主成分分析法对指标进行自动赋权,进而通过曲线拟合和发展阶段分界点计算,分析该领域技术发展成熟现状及未来发展趋势。运用本文模型对缓控释肥技术领域(由5299条专利数据构成)进行多维度技术成熟度评价分析,结果表明:该技术领域正处于快速成长阶段,预计在2024年进入技术发展成熟阶段。基于专利价值的技术成熟度分析方法一定程度上克服了单一指标评价和单一维度分析的片面性,相对客观全面地揭示了特定领域技术发展现状。     

国外数字资源长期保存成熟度模型及其分析与评价

[目的/意义] 介绍能力成熟度模型原理,研究和分析成熟度模型在长期保存中的应用,为国内长期保存系统的建设和发展提供参考。[方法/过程] 通过对成熟度模型的概念、原理和应用介绍,详细介绍长期保存领域具有代表性的3个能力成熟度模型,从适用性、可行性和可持续性的角度分析模型的优劣势。[结果/结论] 通过对比分析给出相关模型的评述以及对成熟度模型的实践思考,总结当前数字资源长期保存成熟度模型的发展现状及趋势,提出构建符合我国长期保存发展需求的成熟度模型的必要性和重要意义。     

数据管理能力成熟度模型比较研究与启示

[目的/意义]对比分析数据管理能力成熟度模型,为图书馆选择与应用数据管理能力成熟度模型提供参考方案。[方法/过程]通过模型文本的研究,介绍各模型的结构。采用比较分析法从评价维度(功能域)的设置、模型的组织体系、评价标准与规则、可操作性、公开度等5个方面对7个数据管理能力成熟度模型进行评析。[结果/结论]每个模型具有其特色功能。CMMI、DMM、DCAM和中国DCMM的评价维度较为全面,中国DCMM即中国-数据中心服务能力成熟度模型具有较强的操作性,且其定量与定性相结合的评价方法值得借鉴。研究数据管理的能力成熟度模型(雪城大学秦健教授团队)和研究数据管理能力成熟度模型(澳大利亚ANDS)考虑图书馆数据管理的实际情况,可作为首选模型。基于各模型的对比与评析结果,形成3种适应不同情境的图书馆选择与应用数据管理能力成熟度模型的方案。     

政府部门电子政务的成熟度评估与实证研究

本文研究面向政府部门的电子政务成熟度评估体系.以国际电子政务成熟度模型的思路精髓为评估指标体系的总体依据,设计了该评估体系的具体指标细项,计算各级指标体系的权重,提出了成熟度评估的计算模型.进而,选择上海市的八个政府部门为实证分析的评估样本,对评估指标中的各个维度的成熟度分别进行实证数据分析,得出评估样本在每个维度的成熟度水平.然后,以八个评估样本为分析对象,计算电子政务的总体成熟度.本文的目的是利用成熟度指标体系来诊断、考核和引导政府部门电子政务的建设,推进其向健康的方向发展.     

领导生命周期理论在图书馆管理中的应用

本文探讨了领导生命周期理论的概念及其在图书馆管理中的应用和意义,并对如何确定图书馆馆员的成熟度,如何根据馆员成熟度进行管理,如何提高馆员成熟度提出了自己的观点,最后阐述了领导生命周期理论应用于图书馆管理中应注意的问题。     

基于成熟度视角的知识管理绩效评价研究

知识管理绩效评价是衡量企业知识管理实施效果,促进知识管理活动持续改进的重要手段。在简评我国知识管理绩效评价研究现状的基础上,提出从知识管理成熟度的角度进行知识管理绩效评价,分析知识管理成熟度模型的理论基础、概念以及其对知识管理绩效评价的意义。在此基础上,比较分析Siemens、KPQM、KMCA等三个知识管理成熟度模型并提出若干建议。     

“技术–市场成熟度”视角下颠覆性技术分类与特征：基于扎根理论的多案例分析

[目的/意义]为了弄清楚技术-市场成熟度视角下颠覆性技术的特征,从全新视角、有针对性地对颠覆性技术开展研究和管理,为政府对不同类别颠覆性技术的支持方案提出建议。[方法/过程]根据技术成熟度—市场成熟度工具对颠覆性技术开展分类研究,并基于扎根理论,选取互联网技术、基因编辑技术、增材制造技术和GPS技术这四种典型颠覆性技术开展案例分析。[局限]在案例选取、概念编码、译码归纳与分析方面还有一定的局限。[结果/结论]从“技术—市场成熟度”视角将颠覆性技术分为双成式颠覆性技术、双新式颠覆性技术、传统式颠覆性技术和新应用式颠覆性技术四类。发现不同类别的颠覆性技术特征是差异化的,双成式颠覆性技术有较强的跨领域技术融合能力,双新式颠覆性技术主要来自于重大的科技突破,新应用式颠覆性技术影响力较大,传统式的颠覆性技术基数大,进而提出了政府和企业对颠覆性技术创新发展的支持方案与措施。     

科技计划项目知识产权的动态管理研究——基于美国的经验借鉴

本文参考技术成熟度方法首次提出了知识产权实现水平的概念,并定义了相应的知识产权实现水平度量 表。然后结合工作分解结构提出一个科技计划项目知识产权管理动态管理的方法,并制定监测指标和实施方式,用于 监督和管理科技计划项目的知识产权实施进度和应用状况。     

The footprint and the stepping foot: archival records, evidence, and time

This paper provides an analysis of the archival concepts of “record” and “evidence” as socio-cultural constructs arising out of a particular view of time. Archival records are usually characterized as having certain relationships to evidence in its temporal aspects—specifically, the requirement for a temporal disconnect between creation and use. This disconnect also necessitates a break between knowledge and the knower in which the record must be externalized and set aside from its creator in order to have “recordness”. This paper explores how Western concepts of time impact concepts of records and archival evidences and proposes an alternative framing. Since records have such power in our lives and societies, practitioners must begin to work with an expanded concept of record and sensitivity to differing time frames and worldviews. The paper proposes a new definition of “record” as an intentional, stable, semantic structure, which is used to identify three broad categories of record types, based on event-orientation or object-orientation, that are flexible enough to account for differing cultural and spiritual understandings of time.     

利用词语共现进行Ontology的概念获取

作为大规模的语义知识资源库，Ontology在信息处理中具有重要的作用。但是，如何有效地构建Ontology却是一个重要的问题。对于自动构建Ontology的过程来说，首要的问题就是如何获取领域概念。本文尝试了一种利用词语共现获取领域概念的方法，用于支持领域Ontology的构建。该方法首先通过人工领域分析，获得起始领域概念，然后利用起始概念从语料库中抽取共现的概念，从而获取相关的概念知识。同时，本文以1998年1月份的人民日报语料库为语料，针对外交和体育两个领域，尝试从中提取相关的概念，从而检验利用词语共现获取领域概念的实际效果。     

Discrete and continuous conceptualizations of science: Implications for knowledge domain visualization

Visual depiction of the structure and evolution of science has been proposed as a key strategy for dealing with the large, complex, and increasingly interdisciplinary records of scientific communication. While every such visualization assumes the existence of spatial structures within the system of science, new methods and tools are rarely linked to thorough reflection on the underlying spatial concepts. Meanwhile, geographic information science has adopted a view of geographic space as conceptualized through the duality of discrete objects and continuous fields. This paper argues that conceptualization of science has been dominated by a view of its constituent elements (e.g., authors, articles, journals, disciplines) as discrete objects. It is proposed that, like in geographic information science, alternative concepts could be used for the same phenomenon. For example, one could view an author as either a discrete object at a specific location or as a continuous field occupying all of a discipline. It is further proposed that this duality of spatial concepts can extend to the methods by which low-dimensional geometric models of high-dimensional scientific spaces are created and used. This can result in new methods revealing different kinds of insights. This is demonstrated by a juxtaposition of two visualizations of an author's intellectual evolution on the basis of either a discrete or continuous conceptualization.     

论知识营销与竞争情报

阐述知识营销与竞争情报的基本内涵,重点探讨两者之间的关系。     

Information and Information Communication

The inextricably linked concepts of “information” and “information communication” are discussed. Information about some entity is defined as details about its properties reflected in material processes and objects or in the response of systems with purposeful activity. It is asserted that information is manifested only in the process of information communication. The steps of this process are considered. In particular, the processes of information transfer studied by C. Shannon are presented as elements of the stage of reflection of information communication. The aspects of “information support” of typical processes of activity, inherent in a particular subject domain, that must be recognized and studied, are determined. The list of the basic concepts connected with the concept of “information” is given.     

我国科普场馆电影节品牌建设创新实践与思考:以北京国际电影节“科技单元”为例

本文从普及科学知识入手,着重介绍了“时间”概念的特征要素,从“标准时间”起源和定义谈起,全面阐述了国家标准时间的来源和确定,结合国际现状解析了相关政府管理、法律规章、技术体系、科学教育和安全战略等的正确认识,在基于正确认知相关概念、定义、约定及关联关系的基础上,分析并纠正我国当前存在的语言运用误区,探讨了总体发展思路     

概念地图在知识表示与知识评价中的应用(Ⅱ)——概念地图作为知识评价的工具及其研究框架

概念地图构建方法关心概念选取、概念分类、中心概念定位、连接概念和交叉概念等几个主要问题。概念地图分析法集中在:分析概念地图组成成分,比较概念地图和基准概念地图的相似度,以及两者的综合。概念地图构建方法、分析方法、分析指标的信度和效度,三者密不可分,共同构成概念地图作为知识评价工具的研究框架。图2。表1。参考文献28。     

Librarians’ perceptions of knowledge management in developing countries: A case with Indian academic libraries

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine librarians' perceptions of knowledge management, including its concept, potential applications, benefits and major challenges of its applications in Indian academic libraries. A structured questionnaire, containing both open and close-ended questions, was sent by postal mail to 30 librarians of academic libraries in India of which 15 questionnaires were returned. Respondents were asked to define knowledge management and answer questions on its potential applications, benefits and major challenges of implementation in academic libraries. Respondents were also allowed to specify their own views on the subject. The findings of the study show that the levels of understanding of KM concepts among librarians are varied and most of them view KM as the management of information resources, services and systems using technology or specific processes for the capture and use of explicit knowledge, rather sharing and using tacit knowledge. They have positive attitudes towards the applications of knowledge management into academic library practice, and not only because this can bring academic libraries closer to their parent organization, but also because it may help them to survive in an increasingly challenging environment. Although, librarians in the present study acknowledged that they are involved in the practices of knowledge management but these were perceived as basic information management activities. Lack of understanding of knowledge management concepts and its benefits, knowledge sharing culture, top management commitment, incentives and rewards, financial resources and information technology infrastructure are perceived as the major barriers for incorporating knowledge management into academic library practice.