Building Communities: Some Experiences with IT

Broad access to information plays a crucial role for empowerment, skill building, and more active participation of different groups of society, thus making an important contribution to social development. While information technology offers almost unlimited ways to enhance information access and management and to improve organizational structures, communication and workflows, it is the interaction between people, organization, and technology that makes economic and social development possible.

In this paper the author describes some of the efforts with which she has been associated directly or vicariously. In these initiatives to enhance economic and social development, ITs enabling capacity has been harnessed imaginatively.     

基于区块链技术的社交媒体信息归档的可行性分析

[目的/意义]区块链,作为比特币的重要底层技术,在改变了全世界货币和商业运转的规则之后,为全球经济与社会发展掀起了一股“区块链风暴”,“互联网+时代”社交媒体成为时代的宠儿,自然也受到了区块链及其技术的影响。长期困扰学界的社交媒体信息归档的难点,如归档安全问题、技术问题以及用户隐私问题在区块链技术的支持下,激发了全新的发展方向。[方法/过程]本文通过观察研究、归纳梳理和文献研究的方法,详细剖析区块链技术对于解决社交媒体信息归档难点的各项技术优势,并在分析技术优势的基础上初步构建了一个基于区块链技术的社交媒体信息归档流程的模型。[结果/结论]文章在展望去中心化的美好未来的同时,认为社会应当审慎看待区块链技术参与社交媒体信息归档的有利因素,不能满足于技术带来的进步而忽视了可能发生的风险问题。     

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在阐明信息的社会功能和信息资源论的基础上，从８个方面系统地论述了信息资源对社会发展的重要影响和巨大作用，以及信息技术对社会发展的综合影响；最后，总结和归纳了信息资源与社会发展的关系的基本观点，并指出其发展的总趋势是信息的社会化和社会的信息化     

The author as agent of information policy: The relationship between economic and moral rights in copyright

A historical and theoretical analysis of the copyright environment demonstrates that both the economic rights associated with copyright and the moral rights often associated with copyright perform social functions. The latter have not been as universally embraced or adopted as the former. The lack of enthusiasm for moral rights is argued to be because the social utility of this aspect of the copyright regime has gone largely unrecognized. In fact, moral rights ensure that the information needs of the public are being met because they enhance the ability to assess the authority and reliability of information. While historically this has not been as important as enhancing the supply of information, a function performed by the economic rights of copyright, in the context of the new information environment, the role played by moral rights is becoming increasingly important. Our thesis also defines the appropriate scope of moral rights protection in copyright.     

信息资源对社会发展的影响和作用

信息资源对社会发展的影响和作用●邱均平ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＴｈｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｎｓｏｃｉａｌｄｅｖｅｌ－ｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎ８ａｓｐｅｃｔｓ：ｃｈａｎｇｅｏｆｈｕｍａｎｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ，ｓｏｃｉａｌ...     

浅谈CIS与高校图书馆形象塑造

信息技术日新月异,市场经济不断繁荣的新时期高校图书馆如何塑造一个良好的图书馆形象,以赢得读者的信赖、提高图书馆的社会地位,将是图书馆建设中一个值得重视和长久的话题。本文探索了借鉴CIS系统,塑造高校图书馆良好形象,有利于图书馆管理,既可加强对员工的激励,又可益于外部的联系,并分析了借鉴CIS应遵循的原则和塑造高校图书馆形象的策略。     

国家科技基础条件共享平台专题服务模式的研究

专题服务是国家科技基础条件共享平台为国家科技、经济和社会发展的重大创新任务提供支撑的一种服务 类型,开展专题服务模式的研究,有利于增强共享平台对国家重大创新任务的支撑服务能力和水平。文章介绍专题服 务模式的产生过程,对专题服务内涵、步骤、要素等进行分类和比较,对各类要素的特点和适用条件进行分析,并以 相关国家科技共享平台已经开展的专题服务工作为案例进行综合阐述,提出相关思考和建议,为全国各级各类科技共 享平台拓展服务模式,提高服务能力提供借鉴。     

图书馆知识共享理论兴起探因

图书馆学界知识共享理论研究兴起的原因有四：一是从经济形态看,知识经济时代,需要图书馆加强对知识管理效率,促进知识创新能力;二是从技术支撑看,信息技术突飞猛进,造成知识中心多元化格局,图书馆需要搭建先进的技术平台,应对知识中心边缘化的趋势;三是从共享实践看,制约图书馆知识共享的主客观因素依然存在,直接影响着知识共享的水平;四是从社会职能看,图书馆作为公共文化服务体系的中坚力量,承担着保障公民文化权益、推动社会文化发展的重要职责。     

加强科技基础条件建设提升科技资源共享服务水平

科研仪器设施、科学数据和信息、生物种质和实验材料等科技基础条件资源是科技创新的物质基础,也是科技创新能力的重要体现。近年来,通过科技基础条件平台工作,科技基础条件建设持续加强,科技资源开放共享水平不断提升,为我国科技创新和经济社会发展提供了有力支撑。文章系统总结“十二五”期间国家科技基础条件平台工作的成效,分析新时期平台工作面临的新形势和新要求,阐述“十三五”时期加强国家科技基础条件平台工作的重点任务。     

To talk or not to talk? From Telkom to Hellkom: A critical reflection on the current telecommunication policy in South Africa from a social justice perspective

With the development of new information and communication technologies, the right to communicate assumes new dimensions, since it is almost impossible to fully participate in the globalized world without access to modern information and communication technologies. South Africa held its first democratic elections in 1994 and has subsequently returned to the international arena. Its citizens should rightly expect to be able to participate in all that this return offers, not only politically, but also economically and socially. Telecommunications are vital to making such participation possible. In recognition of this fact, the newly elected government developed policies and enacted legislation to ensure that the telecommunications sector, and specifically the sole fixed line service provider Telkom, provides South African citizens affordable access to the telecommunications infrastructure whilst providing acceptable levels of service. However, rather than meeting its obligation to the government and the people of South Africa, Telkom has misused its monopoly. The social injustice that this situation creates is critically examined against the background of the right to communicate based on Rawls' principles of social justice and Sen's capability approach.     

RSS技术在数字图书馆中的应用

论文阐述了RSS技术规范及其优点，提出该技术在数字图书馆的门户创建、信息服务和虚拟参考咨询等方面的应用可以为用户提供新的信息获取方式，进一步提高数字图书馆的服务水平，为图书馆的发展带来新的机遇。     

澳门信息产业发展战略研究

澳门回归在即,如何使澳门在回归后继续保持繁荣并在下个世纪高速发展,是许多专家和学者共同关心的问题。２１世纪将是人类社会信息化程度进一步提高,信息产业唱主角的世纪,因此,我们认为,澳门应大力发展信息产业,同时用信息技术改革传统产业,从而使澳门经济持续繁...     

信息服务业的供应链管理模式探讨

在信息经济社会中 ,信息服务业是国民经济发展的主导产业之一。迅速发展信息服务业 ,合理配置与有效利用信息资源 ,是各国备加关注和积极攻克的重要问题。本文借助现代企业先进的管理模式———供应链管理 (SCM) ,探讨SCM应用于信息服务业的方式、运营模式等 ,以加速我国信息服务业的发展 ,提高其国际竞争力     

科技期刊增强科普功能建设面临的问题与路径思考

在新媒体时代,公众阅读兴趣与习惯发生变化,科技期刊若要进一步发展,则可以从增强科普功能的角度来探索有效路径。本文通过分析科技期刊增强科普功能的意义与优势,阐述当前科技期刊所要承担的社会责任。通过分析科技期刊在科普功能建设方面的不足,提出了相应的建设思路:突发事件时进行应急科普;对专业论著进行科普化解读;开设科普专栏;发行科普增刊;充分利用新媒体平台的功能;采用视觉化的科普方式;获取国家政策支持——以此实现科技期刊的经济效益与社会效益的双丰收。     

物联网在西藏的发展现状研究

物联网作为信息技术发展催生的一个新生概念,比目前的人与人之间通信的互联网有更大的发展潜力。对于科技生产力相对薄弱的的西藏地区来说蕴藏着巨大的发展力量。如果将物联网技术应用于西藏旅游业、环境监测,交通,农业等产业实行智能化管理,这样将极大推动西藏地区经济的发展,改变西藏落后的状况。此外物联网技术与藏族民族特色产品或藏文信息相结合会将藏文化走出中国,带向世界。本文通过物联网在西藏的发展历史的研究和对现状进行分析,阐述了物联网对西藏将来的生产生活和经济社会的发展作用．得出物联翻产业在西藏地区的发展潜力无限,对西藏的经济发展和文化的推动作用也是不可估量的结论。总之在西藏地区发展物联网有着重要的战略意义。     

Support for information technology in science: The federal role

The Federal government has supported information technology in science through mechanisms such as funding R&D in information technology, funding for purchase of information technology equipment, tax credits for purchase and donation of equipment, and funding of database development. Today government is faced with increased budget constraints at the same time that investments in information technology are more critical for scientific research. For example, potential difficulties in extending the limits of existing technology may require increased support so that scientists can have access to state-of-the-art computer and telecommunications technologies. Policymakers are faced with a need to examine various alternatives for supplying scientists with the access to data and information technology necessary for their research. In addition to problems arising from budget austerity, a number of other issues exist. These include the policy of increased reliance on the private sector, the impact of international competition in information technology, the need for access to and dissemination of domestic and foreign scientific and technical information, and the need for coordinated national policies for both scientific and technical information and information technology development.This article outlines some of the issues that could arise in a debate on the appropriate role of government in the area of information technology in science.     

中外专利信息网络检索工具的比较研究

从收录范围、检索方式、检索功能、检索结果等方面,对中华人民共和国知识产权局网站专利数据库、中国知识产权网专利数据库、中国专利信息网专利数据库、世界知识产权组织专利数据库、IBM知识产权网专利数据库等国内外9种常用的网络专利数据库进行比较,并就如何有效地利用这些网络专利信息资源提出建议。     

移动互联网环境下发表评论意愿的影响因素研究——一个整合模型的视角

移动技术与互联网技术的融合催生移动互联网的发展,在这一新技术环境下,消费者发表评论的意愿同时受到社会-心理和技术因素的影响。根据社会交换理论和技术接受模型建立一个整合的概念模型,采用问卷调查和结构方程模型进行实证研究发现,与社会-心理有关的经济回报、乐于助人对评论的意愿具有正向显著影响,执行成本具有负向影响关系;与技术有关的感知有用性对评论意愿具有正向显著影响,感知易用性的影响不显著。最后为在移动互联网环境下增加消费者评论意愿提出对策和建议。     

Foreword

With the development of new information and communication technologies, the right to communicate assumes new dimensions, since it is almost impossible to fully participate in the globalized world without access to modern information and communication technologies. South Africa held its first democratic elections in 1994 and has subsequently returned to the international arena. Its citizens should rightly expect to be able to participate in all that this return offers, not only politically, but also economically and socially. Telecommunications are vital to making such participation possible. In recognition of this fact, the newly elected government developed policies and enacted legislation to ensure that the telecommunications sector, and specifically the sole fixed line service provider Telkom, provides South African citizens affordable access to the telecommunications infrastructure whilst providing acceptable levels of service. However, rather than meeting its obligation to the government and the people of South Africa, Telkom has misused its monopoly. The social injustice that this situation creates is critically examined against the background of the right to communicate based on Rawls' principles of social justice and Sen's capability approach.     

Digital library development: identifying sources of content for developing countries with special reference to India

Digital libraries aim at unhindered access to content over computer and communication networks, and digitization may be taken as a visible proposition to enhance the shelf life of non-digital content by preservation apart from the virtue of increased and easy access, thereby furthering usage. As a fresh, lively and dynamic area with a lot of enthusiasm and activity by researchers from different disciplines, institutions and countries, digital libraries are viewed in different perspectives and the single most development that has brought about sweeping changes in the library and information discipline currently in the developed world is that of digital libraries. Advancements in computer and information technology with breakthroughs in memory technology has not only reduced the cost of infrastructure required for hosting digital libraries, but the demonstrated success of a wide variety of projects in USA and Europe also endorsed the chances of their survival even in a developing country. Though the professionals and libraries in developing countries are also experiencing the virtues of Internet, and electronic information highways, many of these libraries have not gone much farther than the computerization of in-house operations, availing databases in electronic media such as CD-ROMs, and web access of subscribed journals and various free resources. Digital library development should be taken up as an additional task to populate the web sites with valuable in-house content like the research reports, publications of in-house researchers, and so on. Digital library projects and developments in the country are so many, though a large number of them are only at an aggressively enthusiastic preliminary stage. In a country such as India so rich in content of indigenous research and development in disciplines varied from science and technology to social science, humanities and spirituality, there is tremendous need for hosting full fledged digital libraries by appropriately tagging the content with affordable information technology. However, what is lacking, especially in developing countries, is a coordinated collaborative approach to bring in institutions and identifying content valuable for digitization with sufficient monetary and infrastructure support. The digital library development in the country needs a two-pronged strategy (i) to digitize local content, and (ii) to devise options for accessing external resources. Channels for internal content include journals and serials for research, conference proceedings, theses and dissertations and preprints, research and status reports, textbooks and learning materials, government publications, spiritual/heritage sources, tourism information, traditional knowledge, etc. As far as external resources are concerned, there are electronic options from publishers and information provides such as, online access through Web of subscribed journals, CDs and floppies containing supplementary material of printed books, bibliographic/full-text databases, which can be hosted on library servers or intranet along with local content. The problems for digital library development are manifold in India such as lack of interest, non-availability of computer and IT infrastructure for library activities, copyright problems, ensuring secure access, properly selecting content from the mass available, internet bandwidth, absence of sufficient financial support, over concentration of professional time on administrative routines, acute shortage over concentration of professional time on administrative routines, acute shortage of competent manpower, etc. The software boom engulfing the country, as a result of the big leap in computer penetration, sudden rise in proficient manpower, and sizable improvement in communication infrastructure should also be treated as an asset and taken advantage of by authorities and information professionals to create and maintain digital information facilities to usher in the new information age.