Relationship of Student Grade Expectations,Selected Characteristics,and Academic Performance

Students (N=415) in three academic areas (education, engineering, and business) estimated their final grade in a course at the beginning, middle, and end of a term and completed the 16PF Questionnaire. Results indicated that the Ss initial grade estimate was most accurate. No differences were found between high (A, B) and low (C, D, F) achieving Ss. Ss with high academic averages underestimated, and Ss with low averages overestimated grades. Overestimating education Ss were less intelligent than underestimators and less assertive and mature than accurate and overestimating Ss. Underestimating business Ss were less mature than overestimators and possessed lower self-sentiment than accurate estimators.     

远程学习环境下的学生辅导对在学率的影响

以色列开放大学（OUI）是一所以远程学习及自学为主的免试入学的高等学院。对所有高等教育机构,尤其是对远程开放教育机构来说,学生的在学率问题是最被关注的。为应对这一问题,OUI决定实施一项保证在学率的项目,其目的是帮助新生解决在学习第一门课程中遇到的困难。新生和高年级的学生组成对子,由高年级的学生在第一学期作为辅导员帮助他们解决困难。本论文介绍了此项目实施情况并展示了接受辅导的学生的学习情况、就学情况、沟通情况以及他们在远程学习环境中的辅导情况。     

Faculty/Student Mentor Program: Effects on Academic Performance and Retention

A university faculty/student mentor program was evaluated for its effects on academic performance and retention. A matched pairs design was used in which 339 undergraduates assigned to mentors were paired with nonmentored students based on gender, ethnicity, GPA, and entering enrollment status. The results showed a higher GPA for mentored students (2.45 vs. 2.29), more units completed per semester (9.33 vs. 8.49), and lower dropout rate (14.5% vs. 26.3%). Amount of mentor-protege contact was positively correlated with GPA. Academic achievement and retention were unrelated to gender and ethnicity of the mentor, the protégé, or the gender and ethnic match between the two.     

Effectiveness of the Student Success Course on Persistence,Retention, Academic Achievement,and Student Engagement

ABSTRACT

Despite a great increase in the numbers of students enrolling in higher education, specifically at community colleges, the successful completion rates for these students has remained static since the 1970s. When reviewing strategies to increase student retention and successful completion, the Student Success Course (SSC) has emerged as a promising and prominent strategy for community colleges. Given that, the purpose of this sequential mixed methods study was to determine if participation in a SSC influences persistence, retention, academic achievement, and student engagement on a community college campus. Data were collected from a purposeful sample of 197 SSC participants at a middle sized community college in southeast Texas and compared to a matched sample of 235 non-SSC participants. Twelve former SSC participants were also interviewed in an attempt to build a more empirical understanding of the impact of the SSC on student engagement and, thus, the students’ decisions to remain in college. Results of this study indicate that a relationship exists between participation in the SSC and persistence, retention, academic achievement in English and mathematics, and student engagement. Additionally, participants claim that taking the SSC not only altered their perceptions of the importance of the course, but their social and study skills as well.     

The Influence of Institutional Retention Climates on Student Persistence to Degree Completion: A Multilevel Approach

Using multi-institutional data from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program’s (CIRP) annual survey of entering freshmen, the Higher Education Research Institute’s (HERI) Faculty Surveys, campus registrars’ offices, and IPEDS data, we evaluated the extent to which peer institutional retention climates and faculty perceived campus climates influenced individual 6-year retention rates. We used hierarchical generalized linear models (HGLM) to examine the extent to which institutional climate (as measured by peer institutional retention climate and faculty perceived climate), net of students’ ability, expectations, and family socioeconomic status, influence students’ persistence behavior. We found that institutional retention climate, as defined by a student body’s aggregated report of withdrawal intentions, did independently determine whether a student would persist or not. While past research has overlooked peer and faculty climates, the results from this work call for the attention of peer institutional retention climates.

Learning Communities,Academic Performance,Attrition, and Retention: A Four-Year Study

This study extends and makes unique methodological contributions to research on the impact of learning communities (LCs) on community college students. Much of the previous research was short-term, lacked adequate comparison groups, and focused on four-year college students. This four-year study controlled for instructor-related variables by comparing academic outcomes of LC students with those of non-LC students taught by the same instructor during the same semester. Differences in grades, attrition, and retention were compared between students enrolled in two pairs of linked English 101 and Psychology 101 LC classes and students enrolled in non-LC courses with the same professor. Student enrollment in the LC courses was associated with higher grade point averages, lower course attrition rates, and higher fall-to-spring semester retention rates. Reasons for the relative scarcity of LCs in community colleges is discussed, along with recommendations as to how institutions can encourage the growth of LCs on their campuses.     

分类挖掘及其在学生保持工程中的应用

随着教育市场化与信息化进程的推进,学生保持越来越受人关注了,而传统的学生资源管理方法已经很难适应新的教育环境。在此篇文章中我们简述了分类挖掘技术并分析了学生保持工程中的学生流失问题,在此基础上,我们将决策树分类模型运用到学生资源数据仓库的挖掘系统中,并取得了较好的效果。     

小学生课堂自我表现与自我概念、学业成绩的关系探析

本研究采用自编的小学生课堂自我表现量表对251名3-6年级的小学生课堂自我表现状况进行测量,并考察了课堂自我表现与学生的自我概念和学业成绩的关系。结果显示:(1)数学成绩和语文成绩与课堂自我表现的不同维度存在着不同程度的相关。(2)不同数学成绩的学生在课堂自我表现的结果认知和行为表现两个维度上,数学成绩合格的学生与成绩优秀和良好的学生差异显著;在总分上成绩优秀和合格的学生差异显著;在其他两个维度上三者之间不存在显著差异。(3)高卷入型课堂自我表现学生的数学成绩显著高于低卷入型和中度卷入型课堂自我表现的学生;高卷入型课堂自我表现学生的语文成绩显著高于低卷入型。这一结果表明,课堂自我表现行为与学业成绩之间的重要关联。     

Third-year College Retention and Transfer: Effects of Academic Performance, Motivation, and Social Connectedness

We studied the effects of academic performance, motivation, and social connectedness on third-year retention, transfer, and dropout behavior. To accommodate the three outcome categories and nesting of data within institutions, we fit a hierarchical multinomial logistic regression path model with first-year academic performance as a mediating effect. Our sample included 6,872 students representing 23 four-year universities and colleges. This work expands the current state of persistence research by (1) considering the effects of motivation and social connectedness on college persistence beyond the first year of college, (2) testing whether the effects of motivation and social connectedness on third-year retention and transfer are direct, indirect, or both, and (3) testing whether the effects of academic performance, motivation, and social connectedness are different for retention and transfer. We found that academic performance has large effects on likelihood of retention and transfer; academic self-discipline, pre-college academic performance, and pre-college educational development have indirect effects on retention and transfer; and college commitment and social connectedness have direct effects on retention. Academic self-discipline led to greater first-year academic performance, which suppressed its effect on retention and transfer. Practical and theoretical implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed. A previous version of this paper was presented at the 2nd Annual National Symposium on Student Retention, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 2006.     

Willingness to obtain Student Evaluations as a Criterion of Academic Staff Performance

In a preliminary report published in 1988 a working party of the Australian Vice‐Chancellors’ Committee and the Australian Committee of Directors and Principals in Advanced Education Limited suggested that the number of formative evaluations by students be adopted as an indicator of commitment to teaching of university departments. This study reports research into factors influencing individual staff willingness to seek such information from students. Relationships were explored among seven demographic, educational and professional background variables and between them and two criterion variables, Perceived Competence on teaching tasks and Willingness to Obtain Student Evaluations. Perceived Competence was found to be the major direct but negative influence upon Willingness to Obtain Student Evaluations, while sex, possession of a doctorate and length of teaching experience were found to have indirect effects mediated by Perceived Competence.     

Social-Economic Factors,Student Factors,Student Academic Goals and Performance of Students in Institutions of Higher Learning in Uganda

This article evaluates the relationship between social-economic factors, students’ factors, student academic goals and performance of students. The study adopts a cross-sectional survey, with largely quantitative approaches. A sample of 950 students was randomly and proportionately drawn from undergraduates in four institutions of higher learning. A response rate of 61% was recorded. We observed significant positive relationships between student factors (except competence in quantitative subjects and grades earned in high school) and student performance, as well as student learning goals and student academic performance. We did not observe a significant relationship between socio-economic factors and student performance at higher institutions. The model was significant, and explained 47% of the variation in student performance. The study recommends that higher institutions should place considerable emphasis on inculcating a reading/preparation culture among students, enforce attendance at lectures and encourage students to set learning goals, if they are to improve the performance of their students.     

Learned Resourcefulness Moderates the Relationship Between Academic Stress and Academic Performance

People high in learned resourcefulness are purported to be better than others at controlling their negative emotions and managing stressful tasks. We hypothesised that highly resourceful students would be more effective than others at protecting themselves from the adverse effects of academic stress, and not allowing that stress to impact their grades. A sample of 141 first-year undergraduate students completed measures of academic stress and learned resourcefulness. Their first-year grade point averages were obtained from university records. Analyses revealed that academic stress was negatively associated with academic performance. As expected, this negative association was moderated by learned resourcefulness. High academic stress adversely impacted the grades of low resourceful students but had no effect on high resourceful students. We discuss the implications of these findings for improving academic performance.     

学年制、学年学分制、学分制的比较分析

文章通过对高校学年制、学年学分制、学分制三种教育体制的涵义、特征、产生的背景、优缺点等几方面的比较分析，认为在高校推行学分制势在必行，并提出了实施学分制必须解决的问题及相关对策。     

协同课例研修对学生满意度和学习成绩的影响

课例研修是一种以提升教师教学设计能力和打磨优秀课例为主要目标的常见的教师研修形式.为探究课例研修活动效果,文章基于建构主义学习理论和协作学习理论,设计了一种由三轮备课、两轮研讨和两轮授课组成的教师协同课例研修活动,并以"基于AR的初中化学教学设计"为例,采用准实验研究法探究了教师协同课例研修对学生满意度和学习成绩的影响.研究发现:(1)课例研修前,不同教师执教班级的学生满意度存在显著差异,学习成绩不存在显著差异;(2)课例研修后,不同教师执教班级的学生满意度不存在显著差异,学习成绩不存在显著差异;(3)教师协同课例研修有利于提高主讲教师课堂的学生满意度和学习成绩,且课例研修前和课例研修后的学生满意度和学习成绩均存在显著差异.     

Relationship Between Opportunity to Learn and Student Performance on English and Algebra Assessments

The purpose of this study was to examine how various opportunity to learn (OTL) variables impact student outcomes and whether these effects are consistent across different subject areas. In this study, we examined the impact of OTL variables on student performance on English and algebra assessments. Despite the differences in the subject areas, 3 consistent findings emerged. First, we found a significant positive relationship between teacher expertise and student performance. Teacher expertise in this study is defined specifically as expertise and knowledge within the content areas covered in the standards and the district assessment, rather than overall expertise in the subject area. Our study also showed that content coverage was positively correlated with student performance in English and algebra. Finally, consistent with previous findings, our study indicated that the socioeconomic status of the classroom has a significant impact on student performance.     

The Relationship of Gender and Academic Performance to Motivation: Within-Ethnic-Group Variations

In contemporary psychology more within-group examinations of psychological phenomena are needed, especially in ethnic minority populations. This paper presents the findings of three separate studies of the relationship of GPA and gender to motivation, all of which are within ethnic group comparisons. One study is conducted with African-Americans, the second with Hispanic-Americans, and the third with Euro-Americans. The instruments used are the Assessment of Academic Self-Concept and Motivation and Assessment of Personal Agency Beliefs. Both measures provide a goal-focused, multidimensional, and comprehensive assessment of motivation. MANOVAs and subsequent ANOVAs are presented for each ethnic group. The findings reveal significant within-group differences that also vary from one ethnic group to another.     

美国高校学生事务与学术事务关系的新发展--加强学生事务与学术事务的合作

在强调学生学习的背景下,美国高等教育领域的研究者和管理者大力倡导加强学生事务与学术事务的合作。本文首先回顾了加强学生事务与学术事务合作的背景,其次从理论基础和具体实践两个层面论述了美国学生事务与学术事务的合作,最后提出了要正视合作的障碍、创造合作的环境和在更宽广的背景中理解合作伙伴关系的价值及内容等几点思考。     

Assessing an Online Student Orientation: Impacts on Retention,Satisfaction, and Student Learning

To help prepare students for the rigors of an online master’s degree in technical and professional communication, I created a course-embedded online student orientation (OSO) structured by the community of inquiry theory of online learning. The study researched the effect of the OSO on student satisfaction, student perceptions of online learning, and students’ program retention. The OSO was effective in helping students to reflect on their learning and demonstrated students’ interest in peer collaboration.     

教师参与学校治理能提升学生学业表现吗——基于PISA数据的实证研究

教师参与是完善学校治理结构、提升学校治理能力的重要举措,但学界关于教师参与学校治理对学生学业表现的影响讨论仍显不足。基于PISA调查数据探讨教师参与学校治理的影响效果问题,多层线性回归模型结果表明,教师参与学校治理能够显著提升学生学业表现,但教师参与不同领域的学校治理对学生学业表现的影响存在显著性差异。教师能力是影响教师参与学校治理效果的关键因素,并且教师能力能够显著调节教师参与学校治理对学生学业表现的影响。为此,首先要树立善治治理理念,鼓励教师参与学校治理;其次明晰教师参与边界,提高教师参与能力;最后要优化教师参与路径,建立教师参与保障机制。