语言模糊因素综探

物质世界和经验世界具有多样性和发展的连续性;范畴（概念）是人类使这两个世界进入语言的接口,但这个接口并不能使二者与语言严格对接;范畴内部各成员之间地位并非一律平等,而是呈现出一个隶属的梯度现象;范畴与范畴之间的边界是模糊的,而非清晰的;范畴化受文化的影响,进而影响语言;语言本身的特点和语境也会使语言模糊;人脑的思维具有模糊的特性。所有这一切外部因素和内部因素是造成语言模糊的重要原因。     

范畴化、原型范畴理论与“笔”的汉英互译认知

范畴化、原型范畴理论是人类认知世界规律的概括。人们在对世界万事万物的认知命名的过程中,总在遵循着这种规律。然而,不同语言、不同文化的人秽世间事物命名的范畴化过程、视角或侧重点是不相同的,因而即使是最简单的翻译也是不同语言、不同文化之间的范畴认知转换。英汉语“笔”概念的范畴认知转换就足以说明问题。     

影响范畴与典型认知的因素

认知语言学是在反对传统语言学派的基础上建立起来的,它是在以经验主义哲学基础和假设的前提下形成的新兴语言学派。范畴化和典型性理论是认知语言学研究的主要课题之一。本文就范畴和其典型成员的关系以及不同区域,通过真实问卷调查,对不同文化背景下的人们对同一范畴的典型成员的不同认识加以分析。初步从文化、儿童语言认知习得、经验观等方面探究影响不同群体的典型认知的主要因素。     

基于原型范畴理论的中英方位词“上”和over的对比研究

方位词是人类语言中的基本词汇。本文运用原型范畴理论,对汉语方位词"上"和英语方位词over进行了语义对比研究,发现两者在语义范畴的体系、原型语义成员和边缘语义成员上既有相似又有不同,这些异同点是中西方民族的认知体验和文化思维的特点决定的,体现了英汉方位词的不同特点。     

英语语言的文化概念化研究

文化概念化,是指文化群体成员在交际中所形成的概念知识单位,如图式、范畴和概念隐喻等。随着英语日益成为一种国际语言,英语融入了越来越多的异质文化概念。在英语作为国际语言的形势下,交流双方应该最大限度地降低文化概念共享的假定,英语语言水平、英语本族语者和英语教学模式等概念的界定也随之变化。     

文化认知视角下的民族博物馆馆藏物品名翻译研究

文化认知是一种社会现象、语言现象和心理现象。文化认知观从生态、社会和文化的维度去研究人类的认知过程,包括意象在认知模式中的文化重构,语言象征性的图式化过程及语义概念的范畴化机制。民族博物馆馆藏物品蕴含着浓厚的文化色彩,对其物品名称的翻译,文化认知观为我们提供了新的视角。     

从认知角度看一词多义的拓展机制——以"head"和"头"为例

一词多义现象在语言中普遍存在。它是指一个词语有多种不同却又互相关联的意义。一个词语不同的义项构成这一词语的语义范畴。在同一范畴中,各成员并不是具有相同的地位,代表该范畴的程度也是不一样的,有中心的、典型的成员和边缘的、非典型的成员之分。隐喻理论、转喻理论和意象图式理论对英汉语中语义的典型成员到非典型成员的拓展机制有较强的解释力。     

认知中的突显观对翻译过程的启示

图形/背景理论起源于心理学,后来主要用于对语言结构的研究,是语言组织概念内容的一个基本认知原则。图形,背景的特性,反映了语言在空间和时间上所遵循的规律。由于认知思维模式,观察和描述事件时间角度的不同,影响到图形背景的选择和图形背景的位置顺序。本文着重以认知语言学中的图形,背景理论为视角,探讨翻译的过程,力图通过这个视角对翻译的过程有更明确的认识。     

评价话语的语用学研究:行为、标准与语境

评价是指说话者或作者对其谈论的事物或命题表明自己的态度、立场和观点,因此评价及评价语言是语言主体性和主体间性的重要体现。本文首先简要概述了评价研究的两种主要研究视角,然后从语用学视角对评价话语进行重新审视,分析了评价话语如何作为言语行为来表达说话者的言外之意,及其与经典言语行为理论框架内原有范畴之间的关系。最后,本文着重从评价的标准出发,探讨了评价行为与特定社会文化语境之间的关联性。     

负迁移因素在英语写作中的影响和克服

写作作为用语言表达思维活动的一种方式,反映着某种文化所特有的语言结构模式和文化思维模式,而这种特有的语言组织和安排模式是该文化内适合社会交往的成员所共同认可的,他们对此有着某种默契。迥异的历史和文化背景蕴藏着不同的民族特征,即不同的生活方式、     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.