浅谈高校图书馆随书光盘的科学管理与有效利用

随着计算机技术的广泛应用,随书光盘已成为高校图书馆馆藏资源的重要组成部分,但在其管理与利用方面仍存在诸多问题。本文简要介绍了随书光盘的作用与特征,分析了随书光盘传统管理模式的优点与不足,并结合工作实际,探讨了网络时代随书光盘的科学管理和深度开发,以期不断提高随书光盘的利用率。     

多媒体投影教学在课堂互动中的问题及对策

本文基于建构主义学习理论,探讨了多媒体投影在促进大学英语课堂互动方面的优劣势,着重指出大学英语教师利用多媒体投影在课堂互动方面容易出现的问题,并提出了相应的教学对策。     

‘Eye-candy’ in ‘Interactive Books’– a Wholesome Diet?

CD-ROMs are becoming more widely used now and one particular genre seems to have a good deal to offer as a medium for the development of reading. These so-called ‘interactive books’ have not yet been investigated in terms of their usefulness in teaching reading and Clare Burrell and John Trushell make a useful beginning to this. They are particularly concerned with whether the eye catching graphics of these books helps or hinders children’s reading of them and their report raises many interesting issues.     

From promises to practices: the fate of educational software in the home

Abstract

Thirty-two families were given six market-leading, educational CDROMs each, and usage of them was logged over 11 weeks. These children and their parents were also interviewed on three occasions. Although parents and children were enthusiastic upon receipt of the software and envisaged that it would be a useful learning tool, children's use of these titles rapidly declined to an average of between only 10 and 25 minutes a week. Children spent most of their time using these products alone; collaboration with other family members was minimal. This is compared with parents' examples of other learning activities that take place as a whole family. Parents and children were asked to discuss the perceived qualities of the CD-ROMs. Parents had limited insight into how this home computer experience might relate to their children's experience in classrooms and they made little reference to informal theories of learning and teaching in judging the quality and impact of the software. This was classified as ‘good’ mainly in terms of features that could promote recreational enjoyment. It is concluded that the purchase/provision of a PC and of educational CD-ROMs is not enough, by itself, to foster lively learning practices in the home. Parents and schools need to work more closely together if this is to be achieved.     

Sign language vocabulary development practices and internet use among educational interpreters

Sign language interpreters working in schools often face isolation in terms of their sign language vocabulary development opportunities. The purposes of this study were to determine the key demographic characteristics of educational interpreters in British Columbia, to identify the resources they use to learn new vocabulary, and to shed light on their Internet use and access levels, with a view to exploring the viability of this resource as a tool for vocabulary development for interpreters working in educational settings. Key demographics associated with interpreters' access to time and materials in advance of a lesson were job title and graduation from an interpreter training program. Interpreters with job titles that reflected their status as interpreters had more preparatory time each week than interpreters who had job titles focused on their roles as educational assistants. Interpreters overwhelmingly expressed the need for continuing professional development with respect to vocabulary development. In terms of the resources currently used, human resources (colleagues, deaf adults) were used significantly more often than nonhuman (books, videotapes, Internet). The resource use results showed that convenience was more important than quality. Books were used more often than videotapes, CD-ROMs, and the Internet, although the latter three had higher percentages of very satisfied users than did books. The design and content of online vocabulary resources and limited interpreter preparation time were identified as current issues keeping the Internet from reaching its potential as an easily accessible visual resource. Recommendations aimed at enhancing the viability of the Internet as a vocabulary development tool for educational interpreters are discussed.     

The teacher's role when pupils work on task using ICT in project work

The present study examined possible changes in the computer experience and attitudes of 11-12-year-old and 15-16-year-old students following a period in which ICT has become much more widely used in the school curriculum. In comparison with findings from a similar study undertaken in the early 1990s, there was some evidence of a reduced gender gap, particularly in the use of computers for applications such as word-processing, graphics, programming and maths. In addition, more recently introduced applications such as e-mail, accessing the internet and using CD-ROMs showed no overall gender difference in frequency of use. However, some gender differences remained, particularly in attitudes. Boys still liked computers more, were more self-confident in their use and, unlike previously, sex-typed them less than girls. They also used computers more frequently out of school, particularly for playing games. There was some evidence that, as found previously, older girls held the least positive attitudes, and it is suggested that their approach to computers may be influenced by the cultural pressures of gender stereotyping. More general age differences in use and attitudes were also found, and these may result from the different computing applications used by Year 7 and Year 11 pupils at school. In summary, although we found evidence of some change since the early 1990s, increased exposure to computes has not closed the gender gap.     

Director环境下面向对象的英语课件开发初探

当前,高校学生利用与英语教材配套发行的教学辅助光盘(英语课件)进行自主学习已成为英语教学中一个重要的环节。本文通过比较现有一些大学英语课件的开发过程,分析其在开发过程存在问题。针对存在问题,作者依托已经出版发行的《大学英语(第三版)》的开发过程,对在Director环境下面向对象的程序设计与实现进行了探讨,以期为同类课程课件的开发和应用提供借鉴和思路。     

Multimodal Children’s E-Books Help Young Learners in Reading

Many children struggle with reading and are seldom engaged in this process when teachers assign them to read. Young learners may lack motivation to read an dislike this activity because they have had frequently have unpleasant experiences with reading. If educators fail to provide support for struggling readers, these pupils will likely experience academic problems in later years. One strategy that instructors can implement to provide help for students who perform poorly in reading is to teach reading with multimodal e-books. Multimodal e-books are interactive electronic resources that combine text with sound, animation, and images and often include text that is read aloud and highlighted. The purpose of this article is to discuss how teachers can use multimodal e-books to help children make academic gains in reading and to provide guidelines for selecting good interactive e-books. Also included in this article is an annotated bibliography of CD-ROMs and e-book apps for children.     

The emerging role of CD-ROMs in teaching chemistry

Learning chemistry requires students to relate chemical equations and other symbolic notation both to molecular or atomic events and to macroscopic laboratory observations and data. Traditionally, textbooks have provided symbolic notation with minimal pictures of either microscopic events or macroscopic events leaving the teacher and student to conjure these pictures from words. This paper describes the design of several CD-ROMs with very different strategies and focus for teaching general chemistry with large databases of visual information. Teacher tools for preparation facilitate the planning of more hands-on laboratory experiences and live demonstrations to develop laboratory observation skills. Presentation materials provide animations of abstract microscopic events and concepts to help teachers explain these molecular and atomic events. Students improve observation skills in laboratories with supplemental computer tutorials that mimic the decision making required for laboratory tasks in a virtual laboratory, but students reinforce the experience and learn techniques with practice in a real laboratory. New college textbooks on CD-ROM, that integrate the molecular animations and laboratory experiments with the introduction of new terms and symbolic representations, portend large changes in all textbooks.     

侯方域的"悔"与"忆"

侯方域分别以"壮悔堂"和"四忆堂"命名他的文集和诗集,有其深刻寓意。但对于"悔"与"忆"的真正内涵以及二者之间的关系,作者并没有十分确切的文字说明,而这些问题对于我们解读侯方域的作品和评定他的名节至关重要。因此对这些问题的探讨,成为后代研究者的兴趣所在。虽然前代研究者做了不少努力,但主要着力于侯方域名节的争论,在文本解读方面做的不够。通过对《壮悔堂文集》和《四忆堂诗集》的文本解读,对文献资料的搜集和整理,以及对侯方域故居的走访,从多元化的文化视角进行分析,希望为这些问题找到一个更客观、更公正、更合理的诠释。     

从"文化帝国主义"到"跨文化传播"

“文化帝国主义”和“跨文化传播”是两种不同的对文化传播的认知与分析模式。两种文化传播理论都有其产生的现实语境,“文化帝国主义”是后殖民主义语境下具有良知的文化批判,但随着全球化程度的日益加深和成熟,各文化形态的触碰日益频繁,联系日益紧密,依赖日益加强,相互的了解和尊重日益增多,“文化帝国主义”也必然的受到了批判;“跨文化传播”就是在重新把握现实的基础上,强调各文化形态要自觉地以更理性和宽容的态度审视他人,反思自身,以自由和平等作为人类共同的文化发展目标。     

通识教育与全人发展理念的建立——独立学院学生的综合素质培养

独立学院是我国高等教育办学机制与模式创新的产物,是更好更快扩大高等教育资源的一种有效途径。文章论述了要在目前高等教育激烈竞争中生存和发展,必须培养通识教育与全人发展理念,并以此形成办学特色。     

从“叙事探究”到“叙事行动研究”

本专题除了对主题的介绍性论文,还收录了三篇一线教师的叙事,均来自北京教科院德育中心举办的、为期一年的第三期教育行动研究工作坊中的叙事行动研究班。作为指导教师,笔者目睹了一大批教师在做叙事行动研究中的专业成长,这三篇文章就是其中的代表。本文意在介绍为什么将叙事探究转换为叙事行动研究,这两种路径有什么区别,教师们在叙事行动研究中获得了什么成长以及这种成长的发生需要什么条件。通过分析教师的参与过程和研究结果发现,相比叙事探究,叙事行动研究在教师公开发声、改变心智模式的基础之上,还需要触及学校场域中人们惯习的改变,其风险和挑战更大。通过本次工作坊的初步尝试,教师对叙事主题的认识更加准确,对主题的反思更加深刻,减少了自己的自责和内疚感,而且能够采取行动改变现状。促使教师如此成长的条件包括教师敢于暴露自己的"顽症",创设安全、开放的学习氛围,及时分享相关理论,形成相互支持的学习共同体以及获得学校的理解和支持。教育行政部门和教育研究者应关注教师的专业成长,为诸如叙事行动研究之类的教师专业发展活动提供更加有力的支持。     

从"现实的个人"到"自由个性"--试论马克思哲学的终极关怀观

人生存的有限性决定了人总是要寻求某种终极的眷顾,哲学是人对自己的终级命运进行自觉的和理论上的关怀。马克思哲学的终极关怀观以“现实的个人”为关怀的主体,代替了黑格尔的“绝对精神”和费尔巴哈的“类”,以“人的全面发展”、“自由个性”代替了“最高的善”、“爱的宗教”,具有了真实性和可实现性。同时,将“人的全面发展”作为一种最高的价值指向,在现代社会具有更加突出的意义。     

青少年“粉丝”的现状及引导策略

近年来,青少年“粉丝”作为泛娱乐化时代下新崛起的一个群体受到越来越多的关注。一方面,面对大众质疑和批判的眼光,他们事实上并非人们想象中的那么极端狂热,相反,他们中的大多数正日趋理性;另一方面,青少年“粉丝”在娱乐化浪潮和消费主义的双重驱动下表现出的过度沉迷及盲目消费的倾向,也亟需相关的社会力量予以矫正。为此,学校、家庭及媒体都应积极采取措施,对青少年“粉丝”的心理和行为加以引导,从而保证其健康成长。     

论文学研究中的"平常心"

文学研究需要做大量严谨细腻的工作,也需要作科学合理的理论化阐述,而当下的文学教学及研究分明体现出一种过度阐释的特征:大量的学术文章使用越来越多的抽象概念,越来越多的学术性话语,已经使得文学让人看不懂,而文学研究更使人如坠云雾,怎么都不明白。文学研究呼唤"平常心",期待重视"常识",体现"常情",回归文学和人的本身。     

论"两个必然"的现实进程

本认为,发达资本主义国家的繁荣和国际社会主义运动的挫折表面上与“两个必然”渐行渐远,实际上加快了“两个必然”的进程。科技革命、资本扩张和自我调节一方面促进了资本主义的发展。同时也为社会主义准备了更加成熟的条件,社会主义在探索中走上了更加健康的发展道路。但社会主义代替资本主义是一个长期曲折的历史过程。     

谈"囧"

"囧"作为汉字中的一员,以象形为构字法,具有相对稳定的意义。网络文化中的"囧"已不再是普通意义上的汉字,它具有独特的风格,与表情符号相比也有许多差异。"囧"是出现在网络语言交际中的一个奇特的符号,关于它的许多问题还值得继续深思与探讨。     

"死灰"面对"大块"——《庄子》对现实的正确意会及采取的行动

庄子哲学要比人们通常所认为的现实得多。对庄子来说,知与行是不可分割的。知之源于行丝毫不亚于行之遵循知。只有“有用”的知识才有价值,而知识要有用,就必须像变动不居的现实一样,灵动如流水。此外,个体的“知”的层次也在变,这一点直接关乎“行”是否奏效。对一个处于“知”的较高层次的人而言是恰当的行动路线,对处于“知”的较低层次的人则有可能是灾难性的。当代有关实践知识和专门技能的研究可以补证许多传统的神秘主义的解释,帮助我们正确理解庄子的无意识、直觉以及与变化为一的知行理想。