三种反馈模式下英语专业学生二语写作效果研究

近几十年,写作反馈模式研究受到国内外语言教学研究者的关注,研究集中于反馈在二语写作教学中的有效性与影响力。文章通过写作教学实践对机评、互评、师评三种反馈模式进行对比分析,探讨不同反馈模式的有效性并探索更适合英语写作教学的反馈机制。结果显示,“以同伴反馈和教师反馈为主、以机器反馈为辅的‘机评—互评—师评’”层级式反馈体系或许是一条值得尝试的写作反馈模式。     

远程英语写作书面反馈模式与生态链构建

写作反馈是读者向作者的输入,其目的是为作者修改文章提供信息,它具有评价、知识传递、促进学习的功能。写作反馈的理论基础主要包括语言输出假设、语言输入假设和二语习得整合理论。纵观国内近20年二语写作反馈研究成果,主要集中在书面反馈模式、反馈效果、影响反馈效果的因素三个方面。反馈模式主要有教师反馈、同伴反馈、教师与同伴反馈相结合模式、电子智能反馈模式四种。制约和影响反馈效果的因素主要有反馈接收者、反馈发出者和反馈方式三个方面。反馈效果是反馈研究最为关注的核心问题,反馈的最终目的在于使学生能够内化反馈的知识点。在远程教学中,由于教与学时空分离、学生基础薄弱、师生比例太大,这给远程写作教学带来新的挑战。构建一种"写作-反馈-内化"的写作反馈生态链是应对这一挑战的新思路。生态链中的"写作"不断输出学习者对语言知识的假设,"反馈"不断发现和修正学习者在语言学习过程中的错误假设,"内化"则不断地运用已有知识吸收语言知识的正确假设。通过不断循环,能够保证远程学习者语言学能和写作能力的不断提高。     

英语写作教学中整合反馈模式的实验研究

本实验研究探讨了融教师反馈、同级反馈、会谈式反馈为一体的整合反馈模式在英语写作教学中的有效性。研究表明:整合反馈模式能提高学生写作的主观能动性,能提供多角度的即时反馈,能提高反馈利用率。因此,其比单一教师反馈更能促进学生在作文语言形式和语篇层面能力的提升,其中在语篇层面表现得更为突出。本研究能为教师从单一反馈方式朝多角度多次反馈模式转变的教学改革提供实验支持和建议。     

大学英语写作反馈教学策略

作为英语教学中的重点和难点．写作教学的发展受到传统作文评改模式的制约。本文分析了英语教师在写作教学中反馈的现状,提出教师应转变写作教学观念．采取多样化的写作反馈策略．构建一个教师和同伴互评相结合的英语写作教学反馈模式。以期对提高英语写作教学质量有所启示．培养学生写作的自我评估和修改能力。     

英语写作中互补型反馈模式探究

写作评改即反馈是写作中的重要环节。传统的教师反馈和同伴反馈各有优缺点。本文通过实证研究,提出以同伴反馈为主、教师反馈为辅的互补型反馈模式,旨在充分发挥两种评改模式的各自优势,提高反馈效率,促进学生英语写作水平的提高。     

多元反馈模式在英语写作教学中的实证研究

基于多元反馈模式的英语写作教学模式注重在写作过程中采用教师反馈与同伴反馈,口头反馈与书面反馈相结合的模式,培养学生的自主学习能力、自我评价能力和提高学生的英语写作水平。通过多元反馈模式的实证研究,采用定量和定性的方法,比较研究多元反馈模式与传统模式的效果,从而构建一套基于多元反馈模式的英语写作模式。     

基于多元反馈模式的高中英语写作教学应用研究

大数据时代基于语料库和云计算的在线辅助写作系统的应用使得探究高效率、高效益的多元反馈模式对高中英语写作的影响成为可能。文章就终结性写作反馈方式的弊端,展开基于在线辅助写作系统的多元反馈模式进行"促学评价"的应用研究,通过多维度剖析多元反馈模式对高中英语写作的影响,为基于大数据时代的高中英语写作研究和测评提供一种新的反馈模式。     

英语写作中反馈模式新探讨

修改历来被认为是写作过程中的重要环节,而修改的质量在很大程度上取决于反馈的有效性。本文通过对传统的反馈形式在写作修改过程中的有效性分析,以及第二语言习作者对反馈冀期的调查研究,探索一种新的反馈模式——建立在学生加注基础上的教师反馈,将学生的独立自主权与教师的正确引导有效结合起来,形成良好的互动关系,使教师能够更好地了解学生的写作过程,从而帮助学生不断提高文章修改能力和写作水平。     

同伴反馈模式与大学英语写作句式多样性的相关性研究

本文以Krashen的输入假说和Swain的输出假说为理论基础,在大学英语写作教学过程中建立"同伴反馈模式"。通过实证研究,对比传统教学模式和同伴反馈模式与写作句式多样性之间的相关性,最终得出结论,后者更有利于学习者吸收和理解各种句式并将其应用到写作当中。     

从2016年专四作文改革反思独立学院英语专业写作教学中的教师反馈模式

该文通过对2016年专四写作改革特点的分析,结合二语习得和教学法的相关理论和实证研究,探讨了独立学院英语专业写作教学中存在的问题,并指出作为其重要环节的教师反馈模式应当向"重思维,及时性,动态化"的新方向转型,以期为该类院校英语专业写作教学的相关研究提供参考.     

"专家协同强化反馈"教师教育模式实验研究

以教学技能培训、教学反馈技术、现场指导技术等为干预手段的“专家协同强化反馈”教师教育模式,可以有效地提高教师的教学监控能力。实验验证了教师教学活动是由认识活动决定的,而学生经常性的反馈可以使教师对自己的教学行为获得准确和客观的认识;教师具有不断提高自我的内在需求,对于学生的反馈和专家的意见会有积极接纳的态度;教师教学能力的发展与其教龄不是线性函数关系,需要自我觉醒、专家的扶持和教育对象的认同;任教班级学生对教师教学行为的评价能较准确地反映教师的教学监控能力水平;以教学技能培训、教学反馈技术、现场指导技术等为干预手段可以改进教师的教学行为;“专家协同强化反馈”教师教育模式能帮助教师提高教学监控能力。     

A feedback model for data-rich learning experiences

Feedback has been identified as one of the factors with the largest potential for a positive impact in a learning experience. There is a significant body of knowledge studying feedback and providing guidelines for its implementation in learning environments. In parallel, the areas of learning analytics or educational data mining have emerged to explore how to analyse exhaustive digital trails produced by technology mediation to improve learning experiences. Current conceptualisations of feedback do not take into account the presence of these trails nor the presence of knowledge extracted through analytics techniques. This paper presents a model to reconceptualise feedback in data-rich learning experiences. It acknowledges the presence of algorithms to analyse and predict learner behaviour and proposes an integrated view between these elements as part of the feedback process and aspects conventionally present in previous models. This new conceptualisation offers instructors, designers and researchers a framework to formulate feedback processes in scenarios with comprehensive data capturing, while retaining a solid connection with well-established educational theories.     

The development of student feedback literacy: the influences of teacher feedback on peer feedback

Abstract

Although the concept of student feedback literacy has drawn increasing attention in higher education, empirical research on this matter is still in its infancy. In the area of peer feedback, little research has investigated the role of teacher follow-up feedback on peer feedback in the development of student feedback literacy. To address the research gap, a multiple-case study of three Chinese master’s students enrolled in an academic writing course was conducted, drawing on the students’ drafts with peer feedback, teacher written feedback on that peer feedback, semi-structured interviews, retrospective verbal reports, observation field notes and class documents. Three students’ epistemological and practical knowledge about, attitudes towards, and self-efficacy beliefs in peer feedback were found to improve at different paces and to different degrees. However, considerable individual variations were observed with two high-achieving, highly motivated participants becoming more feedback-literate than their under-achieving, minimally motivated peer. Teacher feedback on peer feedback was found to have distinct impacts on individual students, depending on learner factors including language ability, beliefs and motivation. These findings suggest that teacher feedback on peer feedback, if consistently provided and compatible with learner factors, can scaffold both cognitive and social-affective aspects of student feedback literacy.     

具有捕获作甩的广义捕食-被捕食模型的反馈控制

应用微分代数理论和分叉理论,分析了具有捕获作用的广义捕食-被捕食模型在内部平衡点附近的局部稳定性,得到了不仅使系统在正平衡点处稳定,而且使经济利益达到理想水平的控制率．     

具有反馈控制的Schoener模型的渐近周期解

考虑了具有反馈控制的非自治Schoener竞争生态系统。通过建立相应的伴随系统和构造合适的Liapunov函数,得到了该系统唯一存在正的全局渐近稳定的渐近周期解的充分条件。     

A new neural network model for the feedback stabilization of nonlinear systems

A new neural network model termed ＇standard neural network model＇ （SNNM） is presented, and a state-feedback control law is then designed for the SNNM to stabilize the closed-loop system. The control design constraints are shown to be a set of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）, which can be easily solved by the MATLAB LMI Control Toolbox to determine the control law. Most recurrent neural networks （including the chaotic neural network） and nonlinear systems modeled by neural networks or Takagi and Sugeno （T-S） fuzzy models can be transformed into the SNNMs to be stabilization controllers synthesized in the framework of a unified SNNM. Finally, three numerical examples are provided to illustrate the design developed in this paper.     

Fast and effective feedback: are model answers the answer?

Feedback to students is essential for effective learning, but there is little empirical information on what kind of feedback is best. This study compares student responses and performance after receiving two types of feedback, that provided by model answers and that provided by personal comments. In 2004 and 2005, a total of 183 students in first and honours years biology courses were provided with both types of feedback, and their perceptions and preferences were explored using a questionnaire. The examination marks of 155 students were analysed, comparing scores in questions relating to personal and model feedback given earlier in the course. Questionnaire results showed that a majority of students wanted both kinds of feedback, but that there was a preference for personal over model feedback. However, there were highly significant differences between the mean marks achieved in examinations, with students performing better in model answer questions in both 2004 and 2005. These results suggest that the best approach might be a hybrid one, drawing on the strengths of both kinds of feedback.     

From plans to actions: A process model for why feedback features influence feedback implementation

Implementing peer feedback in revisions is a complex process involving first planning to fix problems and then actual implementing feedback through revisions. Both phases are influenced by features of the peer feedback itself, but potentially in different ways, and yet prior research has not examined their separate role in planning or the mediating role of planning in the relationship of feedback features and implementation. We build on a process model to investigate whether feedback features had differing relationships to plans to ignore or act on feedback versus actual implementation of feedback in the revision, and whether planning mediated the relationship of feedback features and actual implementation. Source data consisted of peer feedback comments received, revision plans made, and revisions implemented by 125 US high school students given a shared writing assignment. Comments were coded for feedback features and implementation in the revision. Multiple regression analyses revealed that having a comment containing a specific solution or a general suggestion predicted revision plans whereas having a comment containing an explanation predicted actual implementation. Planning mediated the relationship to actual implementation for the two feedback features predicting plans, suggestion and solution. Implications for practice are discussed.

     

捕食者具有反馈控制的Leslie-Gower捕食-食饵模型的稳定性研究

研究一类捕食者具有反馈控制的Leslie-Gower捕食食饵模型,通过构造Lyapunov函数方法,可以得到系统的唯一正平衡点是全局稳定的结论.这表明反馈控制变量只改变平衡点的位置-捕食者密度增加而食饵密度降低,但不会改变系统的稳定性态.