Indispensable but Under‐valued: the exploitation of contract research staff

This article describes a study that looked at the presence of metaphor in lectures given in an International Development department at a British university, and at the problems that this caused for overseas students. It was found that metaphor was extremely prevalent and that it was used mainly for evaluative purposes. The interpretations given by overseas students differed significantly from those offered by university lecturers. The overseas students tended to focus on inappropriate connotations of the vehicle in the metaphor. This often meant that they misunderstood the main points of the lecture and, more importantly, misinterpreted the lecturer's stance towards the topic of the lecture. A number of ways are suggested in which this problem might be alleviated.     

双语教学环境下专业课教师和外语教师合作模式的探索

双语教学是实现高等教育国际化,培养具有国际交流能力的复合型人才的有效途径,然而双语教师的匮乏已成为制约双语教学发展的瓶颈。在双语教学环境下医学专业课教师和英语教师合作进行教学的尝试,可以发挥医学专业课教师和英语教师各自的优势,不仅有利于双语教师的成长,也能使学生在学科知识和英语技能发展两方面收到良好的效果。     

Enhancing preservice teachers’ professional competence through experiential learning

This report introduces a way of engaging preservice teachers in experiential learning activities to enrich their pedagogical content knowledge and skills. The framework suggested can be applied to instruction in a wide range of disciplines in different contexts. It calls on teacher educators to work on similar experiential learning initiatives to equip novice teachers with the necessary pedagogies and competence for their future careers.     

关于学前英语教育师资培养模式的思考

我国学前英语教育的社会需求在不断增强,规模在不断扩大,学前英语教育已经成为新时期学前教育中不可回避的重大课题。目前关于学前英语教育的研究比较滞后,学前英语教育缺乏科学合理的指导标准,也未研究和制订有关学前英语教学的政策与法规,特别是学前英语教师的数量和整体质量与素质不令人乐观。本文着重分析和探讨学前英语教师应该具备的基本素质和学前英语教师培养的模式等,旨在促进学前英语教育,提高学前英语教学质量,推动学前英语师资队伍的建设工作。     

外语教师实践性知识研究综述

随着教师实践性知识的相关研究的不断深入,外语教师实践性知识也开始引起研究者的关注。本文简要梳理了国内外关于外语教师实践性知识的相关研究,为今后的研究提供参考。     

职前英语教师专业成长的另类途径——一项基于重构职前英语教师信念的行动研究

信念的研究是判断教师教育成效的一项重要指标,是当前教师教育中最有价值的一部分。职前教师信念由于受到先前经验和信念本身特质等因素的影响,不易改变,教师教育应该对职前英语教师的信念进行检视与再建构。在自我反思教学模式下发展起来的教育行动研究是近年来国外教育界探究和实践的一种教学理论,是一种非常适合没有接受过教育研究训练的职前教师的研究方法。开展行动研究有助于职前教师将理论学习与教学实践相结合,在教学实践过程中,充分利用有限的直接经验进行教学反思,不断检视、并重构教师信念,提升教学行为。     

Integrated language and content instruction in Qatar Independent schools: teachers’ perspectives

The aim of this study is to explore teachers’ attitudes towards the shift to English as a medium of instruction in Qatari Independent schools. It focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of this approach for teachers and students, and the challenges they face in the process of its implementation. Data for the study were collected by means of a questionnaire and follow-up interviews. Findings point to teachers’ beliefs that while the approach has benefited them and their students, it is a challenging process. The challenges teachers face are organizational in nature relating to ineffective planning for the introduction of the change, lack of teacher preparedness for its implementation, and parents’ resistance to this change. These results have implications for teacher training in the Qatari context and for planning of the introduction of change in English as a Second Language or English as a Foreign Language contexts.     

中学英语教师专业化发展研究

为培养高水平具有创新素质的英语教师队伍,本研究立足于中学英语教师专业化成长现状,从师资队伍结构,师德师风,专业能力及教研水平等角度,采用问卷调查、访谈和查阅文献资料的形式,进行调研分析.结果显示:多种因素制约着中学英语教师的专业化道路.针对上述问题,结合教师教育相关理论,提出解决思路和建议,以期提升中学英语教师专业化成长进程.     

Learning practices of femininity through gendered craft education in Finland

This paper discusses the processes and practices that link crafts and gender in the upbringing and education of girls. The paper is based on a study conducted among female primary school trainee teachers in Finland. The data are comprised of their experiences with crafts as schoolgirls. The methods of the study were memory work and writing of craft autobiographies. The processes that interlink gender and crafts are culturally established and maintained both through informal sociocultural learning and formal education at school. The impact of the gendered tradition of crafts is strong and affects the teaching of crafts at school in Finland. This became clear in the analysis of the processes of girls learning to become full members of a community of such femininity practices as textile crafts. The gender‐based teaching of crafts is an example of the unofficial gendered practices of the officially gender‐neutral school.     

对教师职业属性和教师素质结构的再认识——基于教师专业化的视角

人们关于教师职业属性及其素质内涵的认识分歧,从根本上影响和制约着教师专业化发展的实践进程,以及教师教育体制、模式和路径的选择。适应教师专业化成长需要,必须进一步明确教师职业的专业属性,注重、强化教师职业素质的培养,以及教师职业素质培养的综合性。师范院校要注意继承传统、凸显优势,发挥教师教育的\"本体\"功能;完善\"混合制\"教育模式,增强教师人才培养的适应性;加强\"教学的学术\"研究,提高教师教育的学术地位。     

论中小学英语教师专业能力:内涵、特征与内容结构

学科教师专业能力是实现学科课程教学目标的首要保障。本文以我国中小学英语教师专业能力研究现状为基础,探讨英语教师专业能力的内涵、特征与内容结构。与已有英语教师研究所不同的是,作者分析了教师专业能力的动态特征,探讨了英语教师专业能力结构的四大维度及其内容结构,以期明确中小学英语教师职前教育与在职发展方向,提高中小学英语课堂教学效率,确保中小学英语课程标准目标落地学校课堂。     

Pre-service and in-service teachers’ beliefs about teaching and learning chemistry in Turkey

This paper describes beliefs held about teaching and learning chemistry by Turkish teachers and student-teachers. The study investigated different aspects of pre-service and in-service teachers’ belief structures. Part of the study examined teachers’ overall beliefs, based on participants’ drawings of classroom situations. A qualitative evaluation was employed to offer information on (student-)teachers’ beliefs about classroom organisation, their beliefs about teaching objectives, and their stance on epistemological beliefs. Beliefs ranged from very traditional, teacher-centred ideas to modern, student-centred ones. Data evaluation was triangulated using a quantitative approach, which focused on whether beliefs were characterised by either teacher-centredness or learner-centredness. Additionally, a Likert questionnaire was used to evaluate the educators` beliefs about the nature of good education. The results for the group of participants are presented and compared. Implications for chemistry teacher education in Turkey will also be addressed.     

Multilingual primary classrooms: an investigation of first year teachers’ learning and responsive teaching

This article draws on the analysis of 26 interviews with newly qualified primary teachers (NQTs) in one multilingual city in England, towards the end of their induction year. Interview analysis focused on three themes: developments in pedagogic practice, collaboration with colleagues, resolutions for change or development. Detailed thematic analysis confirmed that NQTs were engaged in reflection about how to respond to diversity, in some cases building on awareness raised in teacher education. Learning on the job was a frequent theme but five respondents still expressed lack of confidence about their approaches. Twenty-one NQTs believed that they had begun to develop responsive forms of teaching, aided by support from and collaboration with other colleagues, including teaching assistants, many bilingual. Implications of the study are that both teacher education and educational research programmes need to give further time to the study and development of linguistically responsive forms of teaching.     

高职英语师范生职业技能培养的实践与探索

教师职业技能是教师必须掌握和运用的教学技巧和能力,也是高职院校师范生必备的专业素质之一。然而高职院校在师范生教师职业技能的培养方面还存在着缺陷和不足。解决这一问题的关键在于必须认真分析其存在不足的原因,提出相应措施,并在教学实践中探索其职业技能培养的有效途径与方法。     

师范阶段教师专业素养发展目标及达成方式的调查与启示

对400多名骨干教师的调查表明:一线教师对师范阶段教师专业素养的达成度具有很高的预期;一线教师对各子成分的预期达成度存在一定的差异,达成度从高到低排序依次是专业品德、职业技能、专业情感、通用能力、专业知识、专业理念、专业能力;一线教师注重专业素养达成方式的实践性,对于7个一级指标,选择了\"理论学习+实践感悟\"这一方式的被调查者比例最高。为此,建议:提高认识,重视专业素养的达成度;坚持素养发展导向,进行课程的统整设计;鼓励参与,加强教学活动的实践性;注重整合,提升学习任务的综合性;循序渐进,关注目标达成的渐进性。当然,高等院校也应注意适度的平衡,并加强与中小学校的沟通,寻求实践者的理解。     

‘So she has been educated by a vulgar,silly, conceited French governess!’ Social anxieties,satirical portraits,and the eighteenth‐century French instructor

Maria Edgeworth’s pedagogical short stories ‘Mademoiselle Panache’ (1800, 1801) and ‘The Good French Governess’ (1801) portray contrasting French instructors, and illustrate a transformation in English girls’ education in French at the end of the eighteenth century. While ‘Mademoiselle Panache’ looks back to the disingenuous French instructors of eighteenth‐century comedy, demonstrating English anxieties about the supposedly corrupting influence of the French on young girls, ‘The Good French Governess’ shows the positive influence of French émigrés in late eighteenth‐century French instruction. In contrast to critical assumptions that the English public’s outraged response to the French Revolution terminated English interest in all things French, these and other contemporary texts show that English girls’ education in French was not diminished by anti‐Jacobin attitudes, and indeed flourished into the nineteenth century.     

新课程下英语教师的现状及对教师教育的启示

对在职英语教师所做的一项调查显示：传统教师教育阶段的课程没有为师范生今后从事外语教育教学准备必要的语言学和外语教育学研究意识;传统教师教育课程未能给师范生留下持久有效的影响;教师教育没有为师范生后天可持续发展所需核心能力提供充分有效的训练。因此,教师教育需要从单纯培养知识技能型外语人才转向培养应用型研究人才;要重新审视实践的作用,调整实践结构,加大实践比重,协调好理论讲解与实践经验的关系;要培养学生具有后天可持续发展能力,尤其要重视训练其自我反思的能力。     

Contested discourses of teacher professionalism: current tensions between education policy and teachers’ union

This article addresses constructions and redefinitions of teacher professionalism by focusing on the discursive negotiations between the government and the teachers’ union in Norway. Based on an examination of three white papers on teacher education from the past 15?years and policy documents put forth by the Union of Education Norway during the past decade, the authors argue that new constructions of teacher professionalism are produced both by the government and from within the teachers’ union. However, there are differences between the government and the teachers’ union concerning what the main aspects of teacher professionalism are. The government emphasises teacher accountability, research-based practice and specialisation. By contrast, the teachers’ union highlights research-informed practice, responsibility for educational quality and professional ethics. There are three main areas of discursive struggle focused by the teachers’ union: the resistance to accountability policies, the redefining of research-based practice and the lengthening of teacher education. The authors argue that the teachers’ union is adopting an increasingly more active approach, thereby also challenging the idea that the teachers’ union is less interested in developing and taking responsibility for the quality of school education.