Making a manly teacher’s career in Australia: Victor Pavia, 1856–1934

This paper highlights ways in which understandings about masculinity intersected with concepts of vocation, career and character in the life and work of an Australian teacher, Victor Pavia. Firstly, it outlines his vertical career path from teacher to headmaster and then inspector, made possible in a bureaucratised state school system that institutionalised the patriarchal dividend. Secondly, it shows how his manly character was forged in social relationships with men and women. Thirdly, there was his vocational commitment to associational activity where he consolidated his position among men. However, Pavia’s ascendance to the top of his profession was by no means assured for there were many tensions along with expanded opportunities at each stage of his career.     

‘I really want to make a difference for these kids but it’s just too hard’: one Aboriginal teacher’s experiences of moving away,moving on and moving up

This paper draws on longitudinal data to examine the changing professional identity of one beginning teacher over a three-year period. Using a post-structuralist framework and theories of social class and capital, I highlight the complexities, contradictions and impossibilities of new graduate, Luke, sustaining an identity as ‘Aboriginal teacher’ in Australian schools. I trace the shift in his commitment to working with underachieving Aboriginal boys in challenging school contexts at the beginning of his career, to his move into a middle-class white girls’ school towards the end of his third year of teaching. I suggest this was a result of the ongoing stress associated with the expectation that he take sole responsibility for the education of the school’s Aboriginal students, as well as his own upward social class mobility. The paper concludes by raising a number of concerns for education systems, including the retention of Aboriginal teachers in Australian schools.     

Getting Real: Exploring the perceived disconnect between education theory and practice in teacher education

This article, inspired in part by the Levine report that criticizes teacher education programs in the United States for being out of touch with practices that work in real classrooms, is a self-study that explores the rift between educational theory, particularly theory that pushes for social constructionist, child-centered approaches to teaching, and teaching practices in majority African-American, inner-city schools. The authors conducted this year-long self-study to answer the question: What could the college's education program do to improve preparation for teaching in inner-city schools? Through their year-long collaboration in a middle-school writing classroom in an inner-city charter school, the authors examined what a prospective teacher learned in his education program that helped and hindered him and then explored how the successful approaches he developed as a new teacher could be incorporated into the college's preservice program.     

‘Methode’ als Zauberwort für Schulentwicklung: die Wahrnehmung Pestalozzis im philosophischen,schulpädagogischen und bildungspolitischen Diskurs des beginnenden 19. Jahrhunderts,aufgearbeitet anhand dreier ausgewählter Beispiele

Pestalozzi’s international reputation relates closely to the ‘invention’ of his method. Until now historiography has characterized the Burgdorf and Yverdon period as the culminating point of Pestalozzi’s career as educator. This traditional approach causes a rather partial view of this period of his life. However, contextualizing primarily Pestalozzi’s correspondence leads to a new insight: his school projects are strongly connected with other private Swiss or European projects on subjects such as school development and school reform.     

The enlightenment revolution: A historical study of positive change through science teacher education

Conclusion The impact of Pestalozzian theory as embodied in object teaching was only significantly felt in America when teacher-education institutions began teaching the spirit and techniques of this method. Sheldon and his colleagues helped spread object teaching across America by utilizing inservice teacher education, preservice teacher education, a Practice School, and education of teacher educators. This enlightenment in education shifted the instructional focus to the child, stressing activity and concrete experiences, rather than dull rote memorization. Elementary school science evolved from object teaching, and methods of science instruction were influenced by the object teaching movement. Educational reform may never again occur as swiftly or as dramatically; however, the message is clear: Significant, meaningful changecan occur in schools through teacher education.     

New directions in education? A critique of contemporary policy reforms

This paper draws on facets of Foucault's theoretical resources to critique current education policy reform from within the Australian State of Victoria, namely the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development's (DEECD) discussion paper New directions for school leadership and the teaching profession. Implicit in the reform effort is decentralization, including penalties for “underperforming” classroom teachers and “ineffective” teacher education courses. Principals will hold a pre-eminent rank in the reforms proposed as they are charged with their oversight and implementation, including intervening in the education and preparation of pre-service teachers.     

探寻康德尔比较教育思想的根基与灵魂--康德尔自由教育思想的再发现

自由教育是美国著名教育思想家康德尔教育思想的重要组成部分。康德尔身处的动荡时代激发了其民主主义的社会理想,早期的生活经历和教育背景则奠定了其历史人文主义的思想底色。康德尔的自由教育思想试图在历史人文主义（传统）与进步主义（现代）之间求得平衡。这种兼容并蓄的特点使康德尔可被称为“现代的传统主义者”。康德尔之所以在美国教育史上未获得足够的关注,是因为他的自由教育思想迥异于当时占主导地位的教育“进步化”和“科学化”潮流。康德尔的自由教育思想不仅具有重要的历史价值,同时对于学界系统地理解其比较教育思想也有一定的启发意义。     

孔子教育思想及其对师范生价值观培养的启示

孔子是儒家教育的典范,其教育思想影响巨大,尤其是以“仁”为本的教育目标,启发诱导、因材施教等灵活多样的教学方法,民主自由的教学风格,身教重于言传的教学态度等,更为后人所称道。师范生作为未来的中小学教师,应吸收其教育思想的精华,并与实际相结合,树立以德为先的育人观、以人为本的教学观、言出必践的立身观,成为新时代复合型的教师。     

中学英语教师能力提高的内容及策略

全面推进素质教育和基础教育改革对中学英语教师提出了新的和更高的要求。建设一支高素质的中学英语教师队伍,是扎实推进素质教育、全面提高教育教学质量的关键。在论述了提高中学英语教师教学能力的必要性的基础上,提出中学英语教师应从更新教学理念、优化教学方法、提高教学设计与教学实施的能力、积极开展自我评价与自我反思等方面提高自身的教学能力以适应教育改革的要求。     

教师教学行为的现状分析与变革路径——以研究性学习指导教师为例

教师的教学行为对课程实施效果和课堂教学质量起着至为关键的作用。调查表明,研究性学习指导教师的教学行为呈现出多元和复杂的特征。多数教师认同新课程倡导的教学方式和学习方式,但在实践中要践行这种理念会遭遇很多困境,教师教学行为与课程改革的要求有一定的差距。变革教师教学行为的有效路径和策略包括引导教师从学生发展的角度认识教育的价值,提升教师变革动力;建构具有共同的价值观和教育理想的学校文化;重建合作开放的教师专业文化;构建基于人格和谐发展的课程评价体系;建立动态互惠的院校合作伙伴关系;以教师专业发展理论为指导改进教师培训模式,提升教师的课程实施能力等。     

实施启发式教育方针 全面落实教学规律

古典启发式强调引导学生先学至"愤悱",然后由教师进行适度的启发帮助,能以学生为主体,符合"二主律"要求;强调用"举一隅"的方式锲入学生经验系统,以直接经验支持对书本知识的理解,可体现"简捷律"要求;同时还通过"举一隅不以三隅反,则不复也"的主张,强调不包办学生学习,知识的掌握、智能的发展、思想的提高必须通过他自主学习思考、体验探索而得到,能体现"发展律"与"育人律"要求。按规律教学是提高教学质量的根本保证,而贯彻启发式方针则是全面落实教学规律的重要途径。     

Godfrey Thomson and the rise of university pedagogical study: a recorded lecture delivered at the University of Edinburgh in November 1950 by Godfrey H. Thomson: a transcript with commentary

Professor Sir Godfrey Thomson is one of the key foundational actors in the history of the educational sciences in the UK. At a time when educational studies and the study of educational psychology were very closely linked, in the decades of the mid‐twentieth century, Thomson was a crucial figure in education research. He is known for his work on intelligence, factorial analysis and the validation and production of intelligence tests (the Moray House tests). However, he viewed himself as a teacher in his work as a professor at the University of Edinburgh and as director of Moray House teachers’ college. He managed closely an ambitious plan to develop an advanced school of education, combining the university department of education, teacher training and a demonstration school, and supervised and taught on many of its courses. This paper is based on a unique resource, an audio recording of Thomson teaching in the early 1950s. It considers the distinctiveness and the research value of this audio source in relation to complementary oral and documentary sources.     

Pestalozzianism,natural history and scientific education in nineteenth‐century England: the Pestalozzian institution at Worksop,Nottinghamshire

The importance of Pestalozzianism in the development of Continental European education has been long acknowledged, but less work has been done on the impact and interpretation of Pestalozzian ideas in Britain. The paper utilises a case study of the Worksop Pestalozzian Institution in Nottinghamshire to explore how Pestalozzian practices were adopted and adapted. Sources utilised include the remarkable letters of the Marling brothers, pupils at the school during the 1830s, which shed fascinating light upon curriculum and practices and the experiences of the students. The study shows how the naturalistic and experiential methods were adopted at Worksop that utilised the local landscape and industry in order to teach natural history, improve the physical health and inculcate early‐Victorian moral and social values. It argues that one of the most important intellectual impacts of the school was upon the work of the Spencers William George and Herbert, the latter regarding it as an ‘English Hofwyl’ and using it as a model for the composition of his influential book on education.     

从科场魁元到学界泰斗——张謇兴教生涯考察

张謇是中国近代从科举营垒中叛杀出来的伟大教育家。他经过30年艰辛拼搏登上了科举制度的峰巅,这正好为他从教育的功能与地位、培养目标、教育方针、课程设置、教学方法、实业与教育的关系、教师与师范的地位、学校管理、教育发展规律等方面阐发新的教育思想,并最终创立新的教育体系准备了条件。而他之所以能从旧教育的科场魁元转变为新教育的学界泰斗,是因为他勇于并善于顺应时代潮流、实业先行、推陈出新、洋为中用和循序渐进的结果。考察张謇25年的兴教生涯,可以为今天更好地推进社会主义现代化的文教事业提供有益的借鉴。     

教师教学风格形成的个案研究

通过对一个普通大学外籍教师的教学故事进行个案分析,研究其如何形成独特的教学风格,开展有意义的教学。通过近一学期的课堂观察、访问及录音转录分析,发现R教师的职业观、教学观、学习观及其所在学校环境是促使其独特教学风格形成的重要因素。基于R教师的个案,笔者认为学校应当允许并鼓励教师建立其独特的教学风格,提供充足的资源,建立民主开放的评价体系;教师应当热爱本业,积累科学的教学理念,勤于反思,大胆创新。     

A Third Grade Teacher in a Technocratic School System Asks a Dangerous Question: What is Learning?

This paper, written by a practicing school teacher, offers a background and rationale to explain how his educational constructs of learning have been challenged, influenced, and changed by exposure to constructivist educational philosophy, to frame the tensions he encounters in his practice as a result of questioning educational beliefs in a technocratic school system, and finally, to discuss the resulting consequences this process has for his teaching. In addition, the author hopes to encourage dialogue between practitioners and scholars about the ways recent constructivist conceptions of education, teaching, and learning, although theoretically appealing, can be difficult to place into practice in a technocratic school system.     

A story of culture and teaching: the complexity of teacher identity formation

Research in teacher education repeatedly suggests that the background and underlying beliefs held by pre-service teachers about teaching and assessment act to shape their interpretations of ideas, powerfully influencing their praxis and their developing teacher identity. This paper explores how a young New Zealand secondary science teacher, raised and educated in Māori-medium and then English-medium New Zealand schools, develops his identity as a teacher as he navigates a range of educational contexts and experiences. His views on assessment provide a focus. The paper presents a case study drawn from a two-year longitudinal study, comprising a series of interviews with the teacher, as he transitioned from a university graduate to a qualified science teacher working in his first school. The complexity of teacher identity development is highlighted, particularly for teachers for whom cultural identity and indigenous world view is important. It suggests that beginning teachers need more time in their pre-service teacher education to reflect on the influence their formative educational experiences have on who they are becoming as a teacher.     

The (mis)identification of ineffective classroom teaching practice: critical interrogations of classroom teacher effectiveness research

This paper critiques specific forms of classroom teacher effectiveness research. In doing so, the paper suggests that education policy-making deems and employs teacher effectiveness research as a promising and capable contrivance for the identification of ineffective classroom teaching practice. The paper engages with this policy debate by using a specific policy example from the Australian state of Victoria, the Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD) Blueprint for Government Schools (2003/2008). Moreover, the attention given to “teacher effectiveness” as the means by which school systems aim to reverse student under-achievement positions classroom teachers as the controlling authority over educational outcomes. Indeed, teacher effectiveness is the defining quality of a policy-making debate that at its core dispenses with broader considerations of possible influence thought to substantially affect the learning outcomes of public school students.     

教师当何为:杜威的好教师图像阐释

杜威是哲学家,亦是教育哲学家,本身也是教师,是有高度理论思维能力和表达能力的教师。杜威的教育理论是对其教育教学实践切身体悟的结晶,可以说是其个人教育哲学的表达。既有高度的教育理论素养又有教育实践智慧和教育理想追求是杜威对好教师形象的表达。从教育理论素养上讲,好教师应形成个人的教育哲学;从教育实践智慧上讲,好教师应能激发和维持学生的理智兴趣;从教育理想追求上讲,好教师应努力培养有价值的社会成员。