对篮球快攻战术概念的一些思考

快攻是篮球比赛中主要得分手段之一，它可以简化进攻过程，提高进攻的成功率，因此，快攻与防快攻一直是各队争夺的重点之一。随着篮球运动实践的不断深入，人们对快攻的理解也在不断深化，特别是以NBA为代表的快攻理念和快攻实践引人深思。目前国内篮球的经典教材和理论对篮球快攻的理解有以下几种：“由防守转入进攻时，进攻队以最快的速度将球推进至前场，     

浅谈篮球比赛中快攻战术的运用时机

快攻是从获得球权开始，以最快的速度，力争在对方立足未稳之际，合理果断的进行攻击的一种常用的进攻战术。快攻战术的运用及快攻机会的把握通常包括：利用后场篮板球发动快攻；利用抢断球后发动快攻；利用跳球发动快攻；利用掷界外球发动快攻等等。因此，在平时的训练中，教练员要加强对运动员快攻意识的培养和训练、加强快攻战术的多方位练习，从而在比赛中赢得主动权，取得比赛胜利。     

篮球端线球快攻的组织及运用

本文主要就端线球发动快攻的某些问题，探讨在以小打大的情况下，增加快攻次数，弥补因身高因素而受影响的篮板球快攻。     

排球快攻战术系统的结构缺陷与战术创新

采用系统理论方法，分析了排球发球区规则修改对快攻战术系统的影响，认为发球区规则修改使得在原发球区规则下形成的以2、3号位之间区域为战术组织中心构建的快攻战术系统出现了结构性缺陷；提出针对发球区规则的修改，应该在原快攻战术系统的基础上，以3、4号位之间区域为另一战术组织中心构建新的快攻战术系统，使快攻战术系统更加完善。     

快攻技战术在男子手球比赛中的运用研究

通过文献资料法、专家访谈法、录像观察法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等方法对本次比赛的所有快攻技术指标进行分析与研究，得出：国家男子手球队是1支打法以快攻为主要攻击形式的球队，并且快攻的主要方式是第2波短传快攻；但第3波快攻的运用较少、快攻射门成功率较低，需要在今后的训练中加以重视并尽早解决。     

关于篮球快攻战术教学使用辅助器具的探讨与研究

关于篮球快攻战术教学使用辅助器具的探讨与研究烟台师范学院体育系李国岩１前言现代篮球比赛，都把快攻作为主要的得分手段。据专家们多次临场调查统计，快攻得分大约占总分的三分之一左右。已成为发展＂以小打大，以快制高＂的主要途径之一，也最能体现我国＂快、准、灵...     

现代五人制足球快攻战术概念辨析与拓展

从现行的五人制足球快攻战术定义着手，对进攻方不具备人数和位置优势时的快速进攻战术进行了深入研究，并在此基础上首次提出了能力优势快攻的概念。同时，立足于五人制足球运动实践，把现行的快攻战术重新限定为优势快攻，并将其分成三个类别，即：三项比较优势快攻、两项比较优势快攻及一项比较优势快攻，同时把不具备比较优势的快速进攻战术视为向阵地进攻的过渡阶段。     

抢篮板球后快攻的发动与接应分析

快攻是篮球进攻战术中重要的组成部分，也是进攻战术中最锐利的武器。实践证明，由防守转入进攻时，积极创造快攻战机，充分发挥快攻的威力，能给防守很大压力，并能争取主动权，达到较好的进攻效果。本着重论速了抢篮板后快攻的发动与接应在整个快攻战术中的重要地位。     

2002年全国女排联赛八一女排进攻战术特点分析

本文通过对八一女排主场比赛进攻效果的分析，总结出其特点即：在进攻中主要以强攻为主，且在反击中运用较多；主要从4号位进行强攻，在快攻中，前快球使用最多而短平快是扣死率最高的一种快攻方式，同时后排进攻运用较灵活。今后，重点应解决快攻力量较小的问题。     

第9届世界杯中国女排进攻战术运用效果的分析

通过对2003年世界杯女子排球赛的统计分析表明，中国女排总体进攻扣死率均高于对手。其中强攻与2000年奥运会相比，有较大提高，但不稳定，失误率高；快攻运用效果较好，失误率少，且以背快效果最佳，在比赛关键时刻能起到决定性作用。今后还须加强快攻与强攻、快攻与后攻的掩护配合，才能保持总体进攻的攻击力。     

第十九届世界杯足球赛冠军西班牙队与亚洲球队运用快速反击战术的对比分析

运用文献资料法、观察法、数理统计法等研究方法对第十九届世界杯足球赛冠军西班牙队与亚洲球队运用快速反击战术的情况进行比较分析。最后得出结论：亚洲球队对快速反击战术的运用都有了足够的重视,但由于后场发动的快速反击战术的效果不佳,使其运用快速反击战术的质量与冠军队西班牙队有较大的差距;亚洲球队发动快速反击时在传球路线和传球次数的合理性上与冠军队西班牙队有较大的差距。     

足球比赛快速进攻的手段与攻击位置研究

笔者通过分析 ,得出快速进攻效果明显比一般进攻效果好 ,且在不同的场区发动快速进攻的方式与攻击的位置不同。最好的手段是中长距离斜传球 ,最佳的攻击位置是肋部     

Ball launch conditions for skilled golfers using drivers of different lengths in an indoor testing facility

The displacement of the golf ball struck by a driving club is affected by several player characteristics and equipment parameters and their interrelationships. Some modelling and simulation studies have shown a relationship between shaft length and clubhead speed, supported by a few experimental studies. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between driver length and ball launch conditions in an indoor test facility using a ball launch monitor. Nine males considered to be skilled golfers participated in the study. Four driving clubs of total length 117, 119, 124, and 132 cm were assembled from commercially available components and were used to strike golf shots while initial ball velocity, backspin rate, and launch angles were measured. Statistical analysis identified a significant difference in initial launch speed due to club length, a significant difference between participants, but no difference between the trials for a given golfer. A positive trend was noted between backspin and launch angle for all four clubs, and significant inverse associations between initial launch speed and backspin rate and launch angle. However, the combined launch conditions associated with increasing length were not considered optimal, with uncontrolled swingweight and moment of inertia effects considered to be limiting factors.     

Ball launch conditions for skilled golfers using drivers of different lengths in an indoor testing facility

Abstract

The displacement of the golf ball struck by a driving club is affected by several player characteristics and equipment parameters and their interrelationships. Some modelling and simulation studies have shown a relationship between shaft length and clubhead speed, supported by a few experimental studies. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between driver length and ball launch conditions in an indoor test facility using a ball launch monitor. Nine males considered to be skilled golfers participated in the study. Four driving clubs of total length 117, 119, 124, and 132 cm were assembled from commercially available components and were used to strike golf shots while initial ball velocity, backspin rate, and launch angles were measured. Statistical analysis identified a significant difference in initial launch speed due to club length, a significant difference between participants, but no difference between the trials for a given golfer. A positive trend was noted between backspin and launch angle for all four clubs, and significant inverse associations between initial launch speed and backspin rate and launch angle. However, the combined launch conditions associated with increasing length were not considered optimal, with uncontrolled swingweight and moment of inertia effects considered to be limiting factors.     

Understanding the relationship among launch variables in the golf drive using neural network visualisations

The aim of this study was to identify and characterise individual differences in launch conditions measured from the same hole during four rounds of a professional golf tournament. Launch data from the 18th tee at the 2009 Dubai World Championship were used for the analysis. Self-organising maps (SOMs) were chosen to visualise the potentially non-linear relationship among the launch variables. Several distinctly different types of drives were identified on the output map. Drives which carried the furthest were not necessarily associated with the highest rates of ball speed. As indicated by carry distance, the longest drives had backspin rates of roughly 2700 rpm, a launch angle of 11 degrees, a straight or slightly left-to-right curving ball flight (for right-handers), and reached an apex of about 36 m. These values are specific to the 18th hole at the Dubai World Championship and differ from the general launch recommendations found in the literature.     

关于帆板运动起航技战术分析

采用文献资料和观察等研究方法，对帆板运动的起航问题做了系统研究。针对帆板训练中不同风力、环境下的起航技战术做以下分析，并对帆板起航的主要战术进行了归纳。     

Multi-segment trunk models used to investigate the crunch factor in golf and their relationship with selected swing and launch parameters

The use of multi-segment trunk models to investigate the crunch factor in golf may be warranted. The first aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the trunk and lower trunk for crunch factor-related variables (trunk lateral bending and trunk axial rotation velocity). The second aim was to determine the level of association between crunch factor-related variables with swing (clubhead velocity) and launch (launch angle). Thirty-five high-level amateur male golfers (Mean ± SD: age = 23.8 ± 2.1 years, registered golfing handicap = 5 ± 1.9) without low back pain had kinematic data collected from their golf swing using a 10-camera motion analysis system operating at 500 Hz. Clubhead velocity and launch angle were collected using a validated real-time launch monitor. A positive relationship was found between the trunk and lower trunk for axial rotation velocity (r(35) = .47, P < .01). Cross-correlation analysis revealed a strong coupling relationship for the crunch factor (R² = 0.98) between the trunk and lower trunk. Using generalised linear model analysis, it was evident that faster clubhead velocities and lower launch angles of the golf ball were related to reduced lateral bending of the lower trunk.     

Influence of shaft length on golf driving performance

The aim of this study was to determine how shaft length affects golf driving performance. A range of drivers with lengths between 1.168 m and 1.270 m, representing lengths close to the 1.219 m limit imposed by R&A Rules Limited (2008), were assembled and evaluated. Clubhead and ball launch conditions and drive distance and accuracy were determined for seven category 1 golfers (handicaps 0.21 +/- 2.41) who performed shots on a purpose-built practice hole. As shaft length increased from 1.168 m to 1.270 m, initial ball velocity increased (+ 1.8 m/s, P < 0.01). Ball carry (+ 4.3 m, P = 0.152) also increased, although not significantly so. Furthermore, as shaft length increased, for all club comparisons there was no decrease in accuracy. Ball launch conditions of spin components and launch angle remained unaffected by shaft length. Launch angle increased (0.8 degree, F = 1.074, P = 0.362) as driver shaft length increased. Our results show that clubhead and ball velocity together with ball carry tended to increase with no loss of accuracy.     

体育舞蹈的意境创造

运用美学、体育学、舞蹈艺术理论,采用文献资料研究法、逻辑分析法、访谈法对体育舞蹈的意境创造过程进行了探索,提出了创造意境要重视意境的各个构成因素,并遵循艺术规律。     

Optimal release conditions for the free throw in men's basketball

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum release conditions for the free throw in men's basketball. The study used hundreds of thousands of three-dimensional simulations of basketball trajectories. Five release variables were studied: release height, release speed, launch angle, side angle, and back spin. The free throw shooter was assumed to shoot at 70% and to release the ball 2.134 m (7 ft) above the ground. We found that the shooter should place up to 3 Hz of back spin on the ball, should aim the ball towards the back of the ring, and should launch the ball at 52 degrees to the horizontal. We also found that it is desirable to release the ball as high above the ground as possible, as long as this does not adversely affect the player's launch consistency.