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Our focus is on the effects that dated ideas about the nature of science (NOS) have on curriculum, instruction and assessments. First we examine historical developments in teaching about NOS, beginning with the seminal ideas of James Conant. Next we provide an overview of recent developments in philosophy and cognitive sciences that have shifted NOS characterizations away from general heuristic principles toward cognitive and social elements. Next, we analyze two alternative views regarding ‘explicitly teaching’ NOS in pre-college programs. Version 1 is grounded in teachers presenting ‘Consensus-based Heuristic Principles’ in science lessons and activities. Version 2 is grounded in learners experience of ‘Building and Refining Model-Based Scientific Practices’ in critique and communication enactments that occur in longer immersion units and learning progressions. We argue that Version 2 is to be preferred over Version 1 because it develops the critical epistemic cognitive and social practices that scientists and science learners use when (1) developing and evaluating scientific evidence, explanations and knowledge and (2) critiquing and communicating scientific ideas and information; thereby promoting science literacy. 相似文献
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Kok-Aun Toh Boon-Tiong Ho Charles M.K. Chew Joseph P. Riley II 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2003,2(3):195-204
An effective education program delivers a satisfactory level of achievement for every student. For this to happen, we must
examine carefully the implications of educational theories and research for teaching and learning. The way a teacher conducts
his or her lessons must also be examined critically. This paper will deal with teaching, teacher knowledge and constructivism.
For teaching, some reasons were suggested for the observation why it had not changed significantly since the last 40 years
in Asian classrooms. In the area of teacher knowledge, the authors report a recent research finding on pedagogical content
knowledge (PCK) development. The paper concludes with a discussion on whether constructivism is indeed a better way to teach.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Science teachers need an adequate understanding of nature of science (NOS) and the ability to embed NOS in their teaching.
This collective case study aims to explore in-service science teachers’ conceptions of NOS and the embeddedness of NOS in
their teaching about astronomy and space. Three science teachers participated in this study. All participants attended the
NOS workshop based on an explicit-reflective approach. They were asked to respond to the Myths of Science Questionnaire on
three different occasions, i.e., at the beginning and the end of the NOS workshop and a semester after the workshop. Classroom
observation, interviews after teaching, and a collection of related documents were also employed to collect data. The data
were analyzed using a constant comparative method. The results revealed two important assertions. First, science teachers’
conceptions of NOS are stable and resistant to change. However, an explicit-reflective approach employed in the NOS workshop,
to some extent, promoted science teachers’ understanding and reasoning about NOS. Second, science teachers’ conceptions of
NOS are not directly related to their classroom practices. With different degrees of NOS understanding, all participants taught
NOS implicitly and missed most of the opportunities to address aspects of NOS embedded in the topics they taught. The implications
of these findings are also discussed. 相似文献
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Kent J. Crippen 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2012,23(8):847-866
Using a case study method, the experiences of a group of high school science teachers participating in a unique professional development method involving an argue-to-learn intervention were examined. The participants (N?=?42) represented 25 different high schools from a large urban school district in the southwestern United States. Data sources included a multiple-choice science content test and artifacts from a capstone argument project. Findings indicate although it was intended for the curriculum to be a robust and sufficient collection of evidence, participant groups were more likely to use the Web to find unique evidence than to they were to use the provided materials. Content knowledge increased, but an issue with teacher conceptions of primary data was identified, as none of the participants chose to use any of their experimental results in their final arguments. The results of this study reinforce multiple calls for science curricula that engage students (including teachers as students) in the manipulation and questioning of authentic data as a means to better understanding complex socioscientific issues and the nature of science. 相似文献
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Joan Solomon 《Interchange》2000,31(4):339-360
This address covers several aspects of a teacher's "sense of honour." There is the professional honour we accord ourselves as members of a group who have shared working values. This is shown to be seriously at risk in today's world of distrust in all experts. Research evidence helps to show how, through practice and reconstructed autobiography, teachers develop an important functional sense of personal identity. Pupils form a large part of the content of this practitioner honour, although the teachers' relationship with them is carefully distinguished from that between parent and child. It is further argued that the teachers' pedagogic knowledge of science is, and indeed should be, closer to post-modern epistemology than to the abstract logical approach taken during the Enlightenment. The final section looks at society's changing demands on education and how this affects teaching, teachers, and their sense of honour in the tasks they undertake. 相似文献
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William A. Mehrens 《Educational Measurement》1991,10(2):23-25
In past issues (vol.8, no. 1 and vol. 10, no. 1), Mehrens & Kaminski and Cohen & Hyman have addressed test-preparation procedures. On what points is there agreement between these authors? What are points of disagreement? Where have Cohen & Hyman misinterpreted Mehrens & Kaminski? What points made by Cohen & Hyman confuse Mehrens? 相似文献
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组成古希腊文明的古希腊科学与现代科学存在着源与流的关系,古希腊科学中具有现代科学的萌芽和基本方法;古希腊科学与哲学协同演化,受哲学的引导而繁荣;其独特的自然环境与民主的城邦政治促进了古希腊的科学发展;古希腊科学的衰落是思想自由的丧失所导致的. 相似文献
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Professional Knowledge Standards for Science Teacher Educators 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《Journal of Science Teacher Education》1997,8(4):233-240
Journal of Science Teacher Education - 相似文献
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This study investigated whether or not an increase in secondary science teacher knowledge about evolution and the nature of
science gained from completing a graduate-level evolution course was associated with greater preference for the teaching of
evolution in schools. Forty-four precertified secondary biology teachers participated in a 14-week intervention designed to
address documented misconceptions identified by a precourse instrument. The course produced statistically significant gains
in teacher knowledge of evolution and the nature of science and a significant decrease in misconceptions about evolution and
natural selection. Nevertheless, teachers’ postcourse preference positions remained unchanged; the majority of science teachers
still preferred that antievolutionary ideas be taught in school. 相似文献
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Teaching Science Effectively With Analogies: An Approach for Preservice and Inservice Teacher Education 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Treagust David F. Harrison Allan G. Venville Grady J. 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》1998,9(2):85-101
Journal of Science Teacher Education - 相似文献
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Science & Education - The article focuses on the analysis of curriculum documents from Taiwan to investigate how benchmarks for learning nature of science (NOS) are positioned in different... 相似文献
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高校教师的知识储备与课堂教学 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
无论是传统教学还是多媒体教学,知识储备是课堂教学的源泉和根本。要搞好课堂教学,高校教师应具有学科知识储备,综合知识储备,教学能力知识储备,创新能力知识储备等。 相似文献
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In this article, we present a case study of a beginning science teacher’s year-long action research project, during which
she developed a meaningful grasp of learning from practice. Wendy was a participant in the middle grade science program designed
for career changers from science professions who had moved to teaching middle grade science. An extended action research experience
in the second year of induction proved valuable to her in learning how to modify her teaching to reach her goal, using evidence
of student learning as her guide. This article closes with reflections on the value of extended action research within science
teacher preparation, particularly early in one’s career, and explores the promise for ongoing practice-based professional
development throughout a teacher’s career. 相似文献
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The Survey of Assessment Beliefs (SAB) was developed to measure teacher candidates' perceptions about grading practices. After piloting, the SAB was administered to 222 teacher candidates at a large northeastern urban university, along with a measure of their beliefs about teaching. Candidates were found to support many grading practices not recommended by professional standards. Support for grading practices that deviate from professional recommendations was positively associated with support for constructivist approaches. Significant differences were found in grading and teaching attitudes between elementary and secondary education teacher candidates. Teacher candidates became more moderate in endorsing nonstandard grading practices following coursework in classroom assessment but on average maintained a tendency to approve academically enabling grading practices. This study provides empirical evidence about possible areas of tension between constructivist learning theory and principles of educational measurement, and it helps classroom assessment teachers understand the needs of their target audiences. 相似文献