酒精依赖性食蟹猴模型的建立

目的:构建酒精依赖性食蟹猴模型。方法:给食蟹猴喂食含5%浓度的酒精,记录食蟹猴每日的饮用量,测定血醇浓度,比较饮酒前后和戒断后血浆中促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和皮质醇的浓度变化。结果:酒精慢性刺激对食蟹猴的液体摄入量无明显影响(P0.05),血液中乙醇含量变化不大(P0.05);但能升高血浆中ACTH和皮质醇的水平(P0.05或P0.01)。戒断酒精后,ACTH和皮质醇水平在24h上升到峰值,随之下降,7天后恢复至饮酒前的水平。结论:以5%浓度酒精、连续喂食30天可建立稳定的食蟹猴酒精依赖模型。     

猴炎灵中药汤剂预防治疗食蟹猴肺炎实验效果初步研究

文章概述食蟹猴养殖环境与发生肺炎的关系、猴炎灵中药汤剂研发包括处方、制法用法、效果和预防控制食蟹猴肺炎的配套措施。     

广西食蟹猴养殖场饲料主要营养指标检测结果分析、问题及建议

文章根据养殖实验用高品质食蟹猴不同生长时期对颗粒饲料配方营养的需要,通过采集广西某公司用于饲养食蟹猴饲料自主配方及委托加工分别用于生长期和维持期、冬春季和夏秋生产季节生产的饲料(颗粒)样品进行检测分析,针对营养指标有的未达标等问题提出具体措施建议。     

施用酒精发酵液对土壤环境及肥力的影响

糖蜜酒精发酵液是用糖厂制糖副产品糖蜜经发酵,醪液在蒸馏塔馏出酒精后排放的废醪液。是一种黑褐色的酸性高浓度有机废液,是制糖工业最严重的排污源。由于糖蜜酒精废中含有大量的碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质、纤维素等有机物,如果直接排放于水环境鸿,会造成水体富营养化,破坏了水中原有的生态平衡。通过对酒精发酵液土壤中的下渗移动特征、同酒精发酵液用量其主要组分在土壤中的行为特征、施用酒精发酵液对土壤微生物的影响、施用酒精发酵液对地表和地下水环境的影响和施用酒精发酵液对耕层土壤养分的影响的研究,结果表明,定量施用酒精发酵液对农田还境是友好的并能应用其养分资源,如N素,P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn等中微量元素,以及一些生理活性物质,如糖类、蛋白质、维生素、生物碱等,提高土壤肥力。     

叶酸可减少酒精对乳腺癌发生的影响

一项新的研究发现,在橙汁、绿叶蔬菜、强化早餐谷类等食物中含有较多的叶酸,这些食物有助于降低乳腺癌的发病危险,尤其对那些由于经常饮酒而面临乳腺癌发病危险增加的妇女这种作用尤为明显。从1989年至1990年间,哈佛大学医学院的研究人员对32826名健康护士采集了血样,到1996年止,其中有712名妇女患了乳腺癌。研究人员对这部分妇女血液中的叶酸和其它B族维生素的水平进行检测,并与712名非乳腺癌患者进行对比。研究显示,对于每天饮酒量超过15g的妇女,血液中叶酸水平最高的人发生乳腺癌的危险     

不同类型的训练对运动员肝功能代谢的影响

目的:通过对不同类型运动员进行血常规、肝功能等生化指标进行长期监测,探讨不同类型的训练对运动员肝脏代谢的影响。方法:根据运动项目的专项特点,分别选取以无氧和有氧供能为主的项目的运动员进行连续4个月生理生化监控,每个月取大强度训练周进行血常规、肌酸激酶、血尿素、肝功能血液学监控,观察不同类型的训练对运动员机体代谢变化、肝功能变化情况的影响。结论:1、长期有氧训练对机体免疫功能没有不利影响,高强度的无氧训练可以使白细胞升高,对机体免疫不利。2、有氧训练对于提高运动员氧转运系统的能力优于无氧训练,但需要一定时间的积累,长时间无氧训练对机体有氧能力的提高不利。3、无氧训练对肝脏的损伤程度大于有氧训练,损伤的程度和训练强度相关,和训练量相关性不大。     

人参皂甙对慢性酒精中毒大鼠学习记忆障碍的影响

用50％白酒制作慢性酒精中毒大鼠模型,分别给大鼠以高、中、低剂量的人参皂甙溶液灌胃,采用三门行走迷路对实验动物的作业记忆进行测试来探讨人参皂甙对酒精慢性酒精中毒大鼠学习记忆障碍是否有改善作用,试验结果表明,人参皂甙高剂量组和人参皂甙中剂量组能明显降低大鼠的错误次数明显,潜伏期明显降低。提示人参皂甙对慢性酒精中毒大鼠学习记忆障碍具有改善作用。     

经济政策不确定性对中国碳排放的对称与非对称影响

在全球经济快速转型背景下,经济政策不确定性（EPU）的影响已渗入到生产生活的各个领域,正确认识经济政策不确定性带来的环境风险对“双碳目标”实现至关重要。本文基于非对称传导效应视角,采用2003—2017年中国30个省份面板数据,实证检验EPU在长短期对碳排放的对称与非对称影响,并基于经济发展水平展开异质性分析,构建中介效应模型分析EPU上升、下降对碳排放影响的作用机制。研究表明：①EPU对碳排放短期存在非对称影响,长期存在对称影响。在短期,EPU上升显著影响碳排放,而EPU下降对碳排放影响不明显。在长期,两者呈负相关的线性关系,EPU下降促进碳排放。②EPU对碳排放的影响因经济发展水平不同而具有明显区域异质性。在短期,EPU变化对东部地区作用不显著,对中、西部地区作用显著,并表现出非对称影响;在长期,东部地区仅有EPU下降会增加碳排放,中、西部地区EPU与碳排放呈现负相关的线性关系。③碳排放在不同区域受到EPU冲击后的调整速度不同,东部地区的自我调节能力高于中、西部地区,能更迅速地调整并稳定碳排放水平。④EPU对碳排放的影响主要通过经济效应表现,EPU上升通过抑制经济增长活力导致碳排放降低,EPU下降通过加快经济增长速度导致碳排放增加。未来,政府应审慎调整经济政策,健全和完善市场信息披露体系并充分发挥地区比较优势助推新兴产业发展。     

Monitoring oxidative stress in patients with non-alcoholic and alcoholic liver diseases

Ethanol-induced liver injury may be linked, at least partly, to an oxidative stress resulting from increased free radical production and/or decreased antioxidant defence. Distinguishing alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease has important implications. This study looked at the possible changes between alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases by examining the presence of oxidative damage, as monitored by several parameters relating to oxidative stress. Lipid peroxides concentration, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione S-transferase activity increased, where as glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione reductase activity decreased among the tested subjects in comparison to normal healthy group. Determination of these parameters may be valuable in the evaluation of liver disease. However, oxidative stress related enzymes and non-enzymes can not be utilized as a marker for alcoholic liver diseases, as these parameters responded in the same way after liver is damaged irrespective of their cause. Their level may help in determining the degree of liver damage. Degree of oxidative injury was similar in patients with non-alcoholic liver disease and in moderate drinkers; while significantly higher in heavy drinkers. The differences between the groups might be based on the type of liver pathological condition rather than its etiology (i.e. alcohol and non alcohol related causes).     

Role of plasma amino acids and gaba in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-a pilot study

Alcohol appears to affect brain function, primarily by interfering with the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and other neurotransmitters. As alcohol is mainly metabolized in the liver, therefore we undertook this pilot study to monitor the patterns of changes in plasma amino-acid concentrations due to alcoholic and nonalcohol fatty liver disease and their relation with plasma GABA level. Plasma amino-acid concentrations were measured in 25 alcoholic liver disease (ALD) patients, 18 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, and 24 age and sex matched control subjects by HPLC. GABA concentration was elevated, while isoleucine and leucine levels reduced significantly in ALD patients compared to the control subjects. Methionine and phenylalanine levels elevated and valine content reduced significantly in ALD patients compared to other two groups, and GABA level was significantly correlated with methionine and phenylalanine. Plasma concentration of lysine was significantly reduced in both groups of liver disease patients compared to the control group, but was not correlated with GABA level. Glycine and tyrosine levels reduced significantly in NAFLD patients compared to other two groups and were significantly correlated with GABA. Interestingly, though amino acids such as alanine, histidine, proline and serine were not affected by liver diseases, but were significantly correlated with GABA level. This pilot study indicated that alcoholic liver disease presented a more deranged plasma amino acid pattern than nonalcoholic, and the amino acid imbalances. More studies are necessary to identify the role of any particular amino acid on brain function and on neurotransmitter(s).     

Lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant status in alcoholic liver disease

The present study was conducted to evaluate some of the components of antioxidant defense system and oxidative damage in 20 male patients of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The results were compared with 20 healthy male smokers and 20 healthy male non-smokers volunteers. Patients were subjected to detailed clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Blood samples were collected for estimating reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiols (T-SH) malondialdehyde (MDA), transaminases (AST, ALT), glutathione-S-transferease (GST) and gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT). Serum aspartate amino transferase (AST)/alanine amino transferase (ALT) ratio was significantly (p<0.01) reduced in ALD patients as compared to the controls. However, the core of utility of MDA and GST was found to be significantly (p<0.01) increased in ALD patients compared to controls. There was a significant negative correlation of MDA with both GSH and TSH. Plasma GGT levels were significantly (p<0.01) increased in alcoholics and the enzyme showed a significant positive correlation with MDA. These results give enough evidence of increased oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant defense system in patients with ALD.     

Clinicopathological spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among patients in Kerala

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its more aggressive form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are entities that are becoming more and more interesting to the medical community in general. A total of 93 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients (64 male and 29 female) within the age range between 28 to 63 years were studied. All of them showed elevated alanine aminotransferase level (104.07 ± 56.04). Aspartate aminotransferase level (58.13 ± 31.96) was elevated more than its normal level in 82% cases and AST to ALT ratio was found 0.59 ± 0.26. Predisposing factors were diabetes mellitus (37%), obesity (13%) and hyperlipidemia (41%). In addition, 32% of the subjects were overweight.18% of the patients had elevated serum bilirubin. Our findings recommend a lower cutoff value than suggested by the World Health Organization for overweight and obesity among this racial-ethnic group.     

Effects of chronic ethanol exposure on renal function tests and oxidative stress in kidney

After administration, ethanol and its metabolites go through the kidneys and are excreted into urine. The kidney seems to be the only vital organ generally spared in chronic alcoholics. Therefore, we investigated the multiple effects of chronic ethanol exposure on renal function tests and on oxidative stress related parameters in the kidney. Chronic ethanol (1.6 g ethanol/ kg body weight/ day) exposure did not show any significant change in relative weight (g/ 100g body weight) of kidneys, serum calcium level or glutathione s-transferase activity. However, urea and creatinine concentration in serum, and TBARS level in kidney elevated significantly, while reduced glutathione content and activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase diminished significantly after 12 weeks of ethanol exposure. Catalase activity showed increased activity after 4 weeks of ethanol exposure and decreased activity after 12 weeks of ethanol exposure. Genesis of renal ultrastructural abnormalities after 12 weeks of ethanol exposure may be important for the development of functional disturbances. This study revealed that chronic ethanol exposure for longer duration is associated with deleterious effects in the kidney.     

Effect of ethanol on liver antioxidant defense systems: Adose dependent study

Alcohol induced oxidative stress is linked to the metabolism of ethanol. In this study it has been observed that administration of ethanol in lower concentration caused gain in body and liver weight. while higher concentration of ethanol caused lesser gain in body and liver weight. Ethanol treatment enhanced lipid peroxidation significantly, depletion in levels of hepatic glutathione and ascorbate, accompanied by a decline in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and increased in hepatic glutathione s-transferase activity. Interestingly catalase activity increases in lower concentration of ethanol exposure, and decreased in higher concentration. Superoxide dismutase activity was also increased on ethanol exposure. But, ethanol feeding did not show any effect on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Ethanol ingestion perturbs the antioxidant system in a dose and time dependent manner.     

Choronic effects of Lamotrigine on liver function in adult male rats

A number of newly developed antiepileptic drugs are currently in use, among them Lamotrigine (LTG) is more common. Despite the extensive use of this drug, it has not been possible to predict the side effects especially the hepatotoxic reactions after long-term treatment. The present study was designed to find out alterations in the activities of liver enzymes after chronic exposure of rats to different dose of LTG. Adults male (Wistar) rats were treated orally with LTG [5 mg/kg body weight or 25 mg/kg body wt.] for 60 days. After the experimental period, auto analyzer carried out liver function tests. The liver histopathology was obtained after scarifying the rats. There was a significant increase in the level of ALP, AST, ALT and bilirubin at therapeutic dose of LTG. The increase level of these enzymes and bilirubin at toxic dose were much higher and significant. However, the total protein and albumin significantly decreased at toxic dose of LTG. Elevation of liver enzymes and bilirubin after chronic exposure of rats to high dose of LTG reflects hepatocellular damage that may lead to hepatitis. It is concluded that regular liver function and drug monitoring should follow the treatment with LTG.     

基于“肝主疏泄”论治肝郁气滞型痞满的情志调护

痞满主要由中焦气机不畅、脾升胃降失司、寒热虚实夹杂引起,而肝气郁滞、疏泄不利为肝郁气滞型痞满的主要机制。从肝主疏泄治疗肝郁气滞型痞满是基于肝的基本生理功能对于情志的调理以及对脾胃升降功能的协调密切相关。