Colleges and universities offering course work in radio and television, 1957–1958

In the near future, the Journal expects to publish most of the major study briefly introduced in the following article. Only a bare start has been made in analyzing the data. Volunteers with suggestions for further analysis are urged to write Dr. Glenn Starlin, c/o the Journal. Mr. Hulbert, who supervised the data processing to date, is Manager of Broadcast Personnel and Economics for the National Association of Broadcasters.     

Race and Radio: The Alabama Negro Extension Service Broadcasts, 1940–1945

In July 1940, the Negro Division of the Alabama Extension Service began monthly radio broadcasts in an attempt to broaden its educational reach. Between 1940 and 1942, these radio broadcasts did more than educate African-American farm families; they also communicated ideological messages that were primarily racist and segregationist, representing the dominant ideology of the deep South. Starting in late 1942, the hegemonic demands of a federal government involved in a world war resulted in an ideological shift within the radio broadcasts of the Negro Extension Service. Analysis of the broadcasts provides evidence of the role radio plays in communicating dominant values and attitudes.     

The War of the Airwaves in Portugal: Foreign Propaganda on Short and Medium Waves, 1933–1945

This article focuses on the start of the “war of the airwaves” in Portugal. It provides data on the first foreign shortwave broadcasts in Portuguese, describing the background to those initial broadcasts and also analyzing their impact on Portuguese public opinion, as well as the degree of importance afforded such broadcasts by the Allies and the Axis Powers during World War II. Moreover, the article also details some of the strategies used by the warring nations to influence the editorial line of Portuguese radio stations.     

Robert S. Fortner,Radio Morality and Culture: Britain,Canada, and the United States, 1919�1945

Three pioneer radio rating services contributed to the development of basic audience measurement concepts, which have become part of a standardized ratings vocabulary. Archibald Crossley gave to radio and, later TV measurement, its most basic term, rating. Claude E. Hooper made Hooperatings a part of the nation's vocabulary and contributed the available audience base and the average minute rating. Arthur Nielsen Sr., designed the first probability sample. In the long term, Nielsen's most important innovation was his projectable ratings. As a result, Nielsen championed CPM theory, which tied advertising prices to audience size. Nielsen also was the first to provide a wealth of analytical detail, such as reach, frequency, and audience flow.     

A bibliography of studies of radio and television program content, 1928–1958

Unlike a telephone or telgraph cable, a broadcast, once sent out over the air, can only be “stopped” at the receiving end. If the potential listeners have radio receiving sets able to pick up the broadcast, it can only be stopped by causing such radio interference as to make it difficult or impossible to listen to the original broadcast. Over the years, several nations have assumed the large cost of producing such interference, or “jamming,” so as to prevent their citizens from listening to the broadcasts of other nations. An expensive and often inefficient technique, jamming was then believed preferable to allowing unrestricted and uncensored international communication by radio. Mr. Ranjan Borra, who was associated with All India Radio and with the Voice of America for several years and is currently on the staff of the Library of Congress describes both the background and some of the encouraging recent developments in the field of jamming and other impediments to international broadcasting.     

Queer in Your Ear: Connecting Space,Community, and Identity in LGBT BBC Radio Programs, 1992–2000

This article analyses two long-running gay and lesbian radio programs from the BBC from the 1990s to highlight different approaches to notions of identity and definition, based on items that focused on interactions with physical space, both public and private. The weekly program Gay and Lesbian London broadcast in London on BBC GLR94.9 contained items that constructed a different relationship between gay identity and locations, compared to Gaytalk on BBC GMR, and its relationship with Manchester. By exploring the significance of gay and lesbian radio in relation to ideas around community, and its relationship with the editorial narrative, the paper argues there is fluidity between community and identity. The subsequent analysis of the radio output in the two programs focuses on the intersection between spatial relationships and sexuality. Content from the Manchester program foregrounded the prominence of the city’s commercial area, the Gay Village, in queer lives, while in London, domesticity and dispersed community apart from the gay scene dominated the narrative. The way these two programs mediated the relationship between communities of listeners and their locations throws light on gay and lesbian experiences during an important period of social and political change.     

The evolution of FM radio: 1941–1946

The following verbatim extracts from FCC Annual, Reports are part of a continuing series published in the Journal of Broadcasting that includes: “The Evolution of Television: 1927–1943” (Summer, 1960); “The Evolution of Television: 1944–1948” (Winter, 1960–61); and “The Evolution of FM Radio: 1935–1940” (Spring, 1961).     

Us,them, and the war on terror: reassessing George W. Bush’s rhetorical legacy

In this essay, I try to answer a few basic questions about George W. Bush’s war rhetoric: (1) How did the president talk about the Iraqi people specifically and Arabs and Muslims generally? (2) How did that vision of Iraqis, Arabs, and Muslims shape the war and its aftermath? Bush did not talk about tyrants and terrorists the same way he did everyday Arabs and Muslims. Tracking the simplified, singular vision of a democratic, freedom-loving Arab and Muslim Other that the Bush administration anticipated, based policy around, and, in the end, failed to find is vital to account for the failures of the war on terror and to differentiate Bush’s imperialism from fin de siècle imperialists, Orientalists, and garden-variety racists before and after his presidency. The Bush administration went to both war and postwar on the basis of a deeply flawed constitutive framework, but where Arabs and Muslims were concerned, that framework failed because of presumed sameness, not difference. Put differently, calamities in war on terror were due to violence done to those construed as savages and violence enabled by a total failure to strategize around difference.     

Research and Writing and Theses–Oh My! The Journey of a Collaboratively Taught Graduate Research and Writing Course

SUMMARY

In the fall of 2000, the Master of Arts in Liberal Studies program at SUNY Plattsburgh added to its curriculum: MLS589 Graduate Research and Writing. This collaboratively designed course reviews research skills and strategies, examines writing style, and outlines the process for formal research proposals for graduate students. While the original collaboration and design process of this course are in itself remarkable, the continued growth and evolution of this course is the truly dynamic aspect of this collaboration. This article outlines the journey of this evolution, focusing on how continuing collaboration between an administrator, thesis advisor, and an instruction librarian is shaping the course. It takes a semester-by-semester look at the issues that came up and the solutions that were found and put into practice. These issues include: addressing the needs of distance learning students by moving to a Web-based format, rearranging the sequence of the course to facilitate the development of students' research topics and projects, and the revision of course assessment tools to monitor the changes made in the course. Through shared responsibility and collaborative processes, the course benefits and continues to evolve and improve.