The Intersection of Language,Education, and Content: Science Instruction for ESL Students

In this study, the author investigated the relationships among Turkish students' perceived computer skills, computer attitudes, quantitative skills, qualitative skills, and gender. The author collected data from a total of 362 undergraduate students. He found that gender was a significant variable to predict computer attitudes but not perceived skills. The author found no significant correlations between perceived computer skills and attitudes. Although computer attitudes and qualitative skills were significantly and negatively correlated, the author found no significant associations between computer skills and quantitative skills and between computer attitudes and quantitative skills. At least one variable explained variances in each of the subscales of the computer-attitude scale.     

大学教学口语特征研究

我国各级教育历来重视教学口语,但目前对教学口语的研究仍侧重于中小学领域,有关大学的教学口语研究很少,且多分散于教学论中。与中小学教学口语的生动性、形象性、启发性、诱导性等特征相比,大学教学口语更强调言语的严谨性、哲理性、创新性、探索性、引导性和实践性。     

Contributions of Academic Language,Perspective Taking,and Complex Reasoning to Deep Reading Comprehension

ABSTRACT

Deep reading comprehension refers to the process required to succeed at tasks defined by the Common Core State Literacy Standards, as well as to achieve proficiency on the more challenging reading tasks in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) framework. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that three skill domains not frequently attended to in instruction or in theories of reading comprehension—academic language, perspective taking, and complex reasoning—predict outcomes on an assessment of deep reading comprehension. The Global Integrated Scenario-based Assessment (GISA; O'Reilly, Weeks, Sabatini, Halderman, & Steinberg, 2014 O'Reilly T., Weeks, J., Sabatini, J., Halderman, L., & Steinberg, J. (2014). Designing reading comprehension assessments for reading interventions: How a theoretically motivated assessment can serve as an outcome measure. Educational Psychology Review, 26, 403–424. doi:10.1007/s10648-014-9269-z[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) is designed to reflect students' abilities to evaluate texts, integrate information from an array of texts, and use textual evidence to formulate a position, all features of deep reading comprehension. We tested the role of academic language, perspective taking, and complex reasoning in explaining variance in end-of-year GISA scores, controlling for beginning-of-year scores and student demographics. All three predictors explained small, but significant, amounts of additional variance. We suggest that these three skill domains deserve greater attention in theories of reading comprehension and in instruction.     

Helping ELLs Meet the Common Core State Standards for Literacy in Science: The Impact of an Instructional Intervention Focused on Academic Language

Abstract

The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an intervention—Quality English and Science Teaching 2—designed to help English language learners (ELLs) and their English proficient classmates develop academic language in science, as required by the Common Core State Standards. The intervention consisted of supplementary instructional materials and professional development. Participants included 1,309 students, of whom 353 were ELLs. Sixty sections taught by 15 teachers in seven middle schools were randomized within teacher to the intervention or the control condition. Treatment effects were tested separately for academic language and science knowledge. For the whole group, results indicated posttest differences favoring the treatment group sections were statistically significant for academic language and science. For ELLs however, posttest differences favored the treatment group for academic language only. Follow-up analyses investigating implementation found that treatment fidelity was related to gains in both academic language and science knowledge for the group as a whole and for ELLs. Effect sizes suggest the intervention was promising in promoting the academic language in science of both ELLs and their English proficient classmates.     

合作教学模式在英语教学中的应用

随着课程改革的深入，根据新教材的特点，英语课堂教学需要引进能面向全体学生的、有利于学生语言实践活动全面开展的教学方式—合作学习的教学方式。本文从目前英语课堂教学中存在的缺点入手，分析了开展合作教学模式的理论基础。着重强调英语教学中合作教学模式的具体运用。     

Using iPads in Vocabulary Instruction for English Language Learners

The purpose of this study was to examine whether English language learners (ELLs) would increase their vocabulary scores in the areas of word recognition, word meaning, and word application when iPads were used during vocabulary instruction. Five third-grade ELLs, at risk of being diagnosed as having learning disabilities, participated in the study. All students demonstrated low test scores in learning vocabulary words during the baseline. During the intervention, 36 vocabulary words selected from the third-grade’s Dolch word list were taught and practiced using the iPad application Learning Touch, First Sight Words Pro. All students were assessed and their vocabulary scores increased in the areas of word recognition, word meaning, and word application. Using the iPad and iPad app appears to provide a potential avenue for ELLs in learning English vocabulary words.     

Constructing Writer Identity in Developing Second Language Writer’s Academic Writing

Writer identity in academic writing has long been ignored by developing L2 writers.Moreover,research has much focused on the reader in shaping writing,and treated the role of the writer as unproblematic.In this essay,the construction of writer identity in developing writers’academic writing practice will be explored through a review of some relevant literature research and gain insights for the development of writer apprentices and writing instruction.     

汉语作为二语的课堂教学语言

汉语作为二语的课堂教学语言是指汉语教师为了达到教学目的在教学中有意识使用的专门语言,兼有讲授和语言示范的双重作用,既是教学的媒介语又是学习者的目的语,具有区别于一般学科知识课堂教学语言的特点,需要教师在对其进行组织和选择时遵循一定的原则和规范。     

整合性语言艺术框架下的英语语法教学

整合性语言艺术强调将各种孤立的语言艺术形式相融合,在自然的学习情境中整体上提高学生的听、说、读、写能力。通过对整合性语言艺术的发展、特点和原则等进行简要介绍,并以语法教学为例探讨如何在实际教学中整合各种语言艺术,希望能为我国的英语教学尤其是语法教学带来新的启示。     

西方关于学习困难学生的阅读理解策略教学研究

回顾了西方关于学习困难学生的阅读理解策略教学的兴起、现状和未来发展方向。重点从教学内容和教学方法两方面介绍了阅读理解策略教学的发展现状 ,并从中揭示出主体性、整体化和灵活性的发展特点。     

A Randomized Experiment of a Cognitive Strategies Approach to Text-Based Analytical Writing for Mainstreamed Latino English Language Learners in Grades 6 to 12

Abstract

This study reports Year 1 findings from a multisite cluster randomized controlled trial of a cognitive strategies approach to teaching text-based analytical writing for mainstreamed Latino English language learners (ELLs) in 9 middle schools and 6 high schools. There were 103 English teachers stratified by school and grade and then randomly assigned to the Pathway Project professional development intervention or control group. The Pathway Project trains teachers to use a pretest on-demand writing assessment to improve text-based analytical writing instruction for mainstreamed Latino ELLs who are able to participate in regular English classes. The intervention draws on well-documented instructional frameworks for teaching mainstreamed ELLs. Such frameworks emphasize the merits of a cognitive strategies approach that supports these learners’ English language development. Pathway teachers participated in 46 hrs of training and learned how to apply cognitive strategies by using an on-demand writing assessment to help students understand, interpret, and write analytical essays about literature. Multilevel models revealed significant effects on an on-demand writing assessment (d = .35) and the California Standards Test in English language arts (d = .07).     

回归真实的语言教学:全语言教学

全语言教学是20世纪80年代以来西方英语国家中一种重要的语言教学理论，它秉持整体主义价值取向，强调语言教学情境的真实性、整体性，强调积极的学生观、非传统的教师观以及过程性的评价方式。主题单元是其一种重要的课程设计方式。     

Latent Profiles of Reading and Language and Their Association With Standardized Reading Outcomes in Kindergarten Through Tenth Grade

The objective of this study was to determine the latent profiles of reading and language skills that characterized 7,752 students in kindergarten through tenth grade and to relate the profiles to norm-referenced reading outcomes. Reading and language skills were assessed with a computer-adaptive assessment administered in the middle of the year and reading outcome measures were administered at the end of the year. Three measures of reading comprehension were administered in third through tenth grades to create a latent variable. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted on the reading and language measures and related to reading outcomes in multiple regression analyses. Within-grade multiple regressions were subjected to a linear step-up correction to guard against false-discovery rate. LPA results revealed five to six profiles in the elementary grades and three in the secondary grades that were strongly related to standardized reading outcomes, with average absolute between-profile effect sizes ranging from 1.10 to 2.53. The profiles in the secondary grades followed a high, medium, and low pattern. Profiles in the elementary grades revealed more heterogeneity, suggestive of strategies for differentiating instruction.     

Experimental Effects of Word Generation on Vocabulary,Academic Language,Perspective Taking,and Reading Comprehension in High-Poverty Schools

Abstract

With a sample of 7,752 fourth- to seventh-grade students in 25 schools which were randomized at the school level to condition, this article reports experimental impacts of an enhanced version of Word Generation on student outcomes at the end of Year 1 and of Year 2. Word Generation employs analysis, synthesis, critique, and problem-solving activities to build students’ academic language, perspective taking, and ultimately their reading comprehension. Results indicate that the program improves the proximate outcome of academic vocabulary included in the curriculum after the first and second year of implementation for all students (Y1 effect size (ES)?=?.22, Y2?=?.28 for fourth and fifth graders; Y1 ES?=?.13, Y2?=?.16 for sixth and seventh graders). For those in the fourth and fifth grades, their perspective positioning skills also improved at the end of the first year (ES?=?.14), and their academic language skills (ES?=?.06), perspective articulation and positioning skills (ES?=?.12, .19), and reading comprehension (ES?=?.15) improved at the end of the second year. Among sixth and seventh graders, there were improvements in perspective positioning skills (ES?=?.19) and reading comprehension (ES?=?.10) at the end of Year 2. Effects after both Years 1 and 2 were stronger in high-exposure classrooms.     

论语言理解的超认知策略及培养

在影响语言理解的诸多因素中，理解所使用的语言理解策略起着重要的作用。超认知语言理解策略是理解策略中的最高体系，对整个语言理解策略系统有着调节和监控的作用。因此，如何培养语言学习的超认知理解策略，越来越引起语言研究和教育的关注。根据语言理解的超认知策略对教学的启示，教学设计可分为认知选择、认知习得、认知建构和综合认知几个步骤。     

Validating English Language Proficiency Assessment Uses for English Learners: Academic Language Proficiency and Content Assessment Performance

States use standards‐based English language proficiency (ELP) assessments to inform relatively high‐stakes decisions for English learner (EL) students. Results from these assessments are one of the primary criteria used to determine EL students’ level of ELP and readiness for reclassification. The results are also used to evaluate the effectiveness of and funding allocation to district or school programs that serve EL students. In an effort to provide empirical validity evidence for such important uses of ELP assessments, this study focused on examining the constructs of ELP assessments as a fundamental validity issue. Particularly, the study examined the types of language proficiency measured in three sample states’ ELP assessments and the relationship between each type of language proficiency and content assessment performance. The results revealed notable variation in the presence of academic and social language in the three ELP assessments. A series of hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses also revealed varied relationships among social language proficiency, academic language proficiency, and content assessment performance. The findings highlight the importance of examining the constructs of ELP assessments for making appropriate interpretations and decisions based on the assessment scores for EL students. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.     

浅谈在化学教学中怎样用好课堂教学语言

课堂教学是一门艺术，是由许多因素构成的，其中教师的课堂语言是一个重要的因素。教师大量的教学活动是通过语言进行的，可见语言是化学教学中最重要的组成部分之一。本文仅从几个不同方面论述做为化学教师如何才能更好的用好课堂教学语言。     

高校图书馆如何提高大学生信息素质

大学生的信息素质是其个人素质的重要组成部分,对其以后的发展非常重要。在阐述大学生信息素质现状的基础上,提出了大学生信息素质的基本要求,并对图书馆如何培养和提高大学生信息素质提出了策略。     

How Well Performance in Curriculum-based Tests Predicts that in Life-based Tests: A Study of 12th-grade Students Learning Chinese Language

A sample of 209 secondary (12th grade) students were tested for their knowledge of Chinese characters, words, and idioms as specified in a Chinese Language syllabus. The students also took comprehension tests in the form of cloze tests based on passages selected from Chinese newspapers and literary works, covering occupations, social events, sports, leisure pursuits and international news. Although performance in curriculum-based tests was satisfactory, the students were found to have difficulty comprehending life-based reading materials. Probable causes for the lack of consistency between performances in the tests using different reading materials are discussed.