THE SITUATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREECE

We give below current information on higher education in Greece based on the report presented by Mrs. Lina Cantifaris, the Undersecretary of State for Higher Education of the Greek Ministry of Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs, during the 35th meeting of the Council of Europe's Committee for Higher Education and Research (CHER), which was held in Athens from 27 to 29 April 1977. (For a report on this meeting see page 3 in this issue).     

FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

Future development of higher education is at present a widely discussed issue in the United Kingdom. This discussion was inspired to a great extent, by a paper “Higher Education into the 1990s: A Discussion Document” issued in February 1978 by the Department of Education and Science (DES) and the Scottish Education Department. (Editor's Note: The main part of this document was published in No.3, May‐June 1978, issue of this Bulletin).

The article presented below reviews prospects of future developments in higher education mainly of the university sector in the United Kingdom in the context of the above document. It is based on the Final Report of the Group on Forecasting and University Expansion established in April 1978 by the Conference of University Administrators (CUA). The Report draws attention to a number of matters which are either not covered or not developed in the Discussion Document. The Chairman of the group was Mr. M.L. Shattock, Academic Register, University of Warwick.     

STATISTICS ON THE STUDENT POPULATION IN FRANCE FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1976‐1977

The 1977 edition of “Tableaux des Enseignements et de la Formation ‐ Edition 1977” has recently been published by the French Ministry of Education and French Secretary of State for Universities.

It includes thorough statistical data on the student population in the French education system during the academic year 1975‐1976. A supplement of this publication gives basic data on higher education in France as well as the student population for the academic year 1976‐1977. The information presented below is based on these data. Similar information concerning the academic year 1975‐1976 has been presented in N°1, Vol.II 1977 issue of “Higher Education in Europe”     

QUALITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION FROM AN INTERNATIONAL POINT OF VIEW: THE ROLE OF UNESCO

Although admittedly quality is very hard to define, UNESCO, particularly its European Centre for Higher Education and its Division of Higher Education, have undertaken a number of actions to further quality in higher education. Thus CEPES created EGAA (European Group on Academic Assessment) and the Division of Higher Education stressed the questions of quality in higher education in a recently prepared UNESCO draft policy paper. A strong component of the UNESCO UNITWIN and UNESCO Chairs Programme is directed at improving the quality of universities and university programmes in developing countries. The effort in favour of quality thus dovetails into other policies and actions of UNESCO, such as those in favour of the development of Centres of Excellence in the academic world. Yet quality improvement should not mean the imposition of one university model throughout the world but drawing upon what is best in local customs and indigenous culture.

     

OVERALL PICTURE OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF FOREIGN STUDENTS IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE UNESCO EUROPEAN REGION

No significant analyses of the international exchange of students can be made without the respective statistical data. In this context we present an article mainly based on two statistical reports: “Report. on International Education Exchange ‐ Open Doors, 1975/6 ‐1976/7” published by the Institute of International Education (IIE) and “Statistical Study on Higher Education in Europe 1970‐1975” published by CEPES.     

技术赋能智能教育——新媒体联盟《地平线报告》(2018高等教育版)解读与启示

2018年8月,《地平线报告》(2018高等教育版)(以下简称"2018年高教版报告")在美国高等教育信息化协会的官网上正式发布。该报告采用升级的德尔菲法,预测了未来五年可能影响全球高等教育变革的主要趋势、重大挑战和技术发展。本研究采用文本分析法,通过解读该报告,分析新兴技术对高等教育的教学、学习和实践创新产生的影响,并对如何有效推进中国高等教育信息化发展提出了建议。     

HIGHER EDUCATION ‐ HOW WILL IT DEVELOP?

Professor Jan Kluczynski is Director of the Institute of Science Policy and Higher Education in Warsaw. He also served as Secretary of the Committee of Experts which prepared the “Report on State of Education in Poland” (1973). We give below an article specially written for “Higher Education in Europe”, dealing with the development and future form of higher education.     

Higher Education Institutions and Their Regions: Linking the Local and the Global

This article is based on the Final Report of the "International Seminar on the 'Emergence of Universities: New Higher Education Institutions and their Role in Local and Regional Development'," held in Zielona Go´ra, Poland, in May 2001. A first set of presentations argued strongly that the presence of higher education institutions in given regions is increasingly important for the continued development of these regions. However, for the presence of higher education institutions to be effective in regard to their regions, universities may have to be reorganized and smaller institutions merged. A second set of presentations detailed specific ways in which universities can be of service to their regions, as, for instance, in providing linguistic services and in furthering inter-ethnic and cultural understanding. A third set commented upon the converging roles of public and private institutions and discussed the challenges facing higher education in general.     

THE DEMAND FOR STUDY PLACES IN HIGHER EDUCATION TOWARDS THE 1980's IN SWITZERLAND

The starting point for a medium‐term policy on higher education is the future demand for study places. This problem constitutes one of the main issues of the Third Report on the Development of Higher Education in Switzerland.

We give below the main findings concerning this issue as presented in the report.     

民国时期私立高等教育的简要评述

民国时期私立高等教育缘起于我国古代私立高等教育传统的演进、欧美各国私立大学的启示 ,以及教会在我国创办大学的影响。私学的创办者以复兴民族、富强国家、教育先行为指导思想。北京民国政府制定了私立高等教育的政策、法规 ,进行了较为认真监督、审核 ,但学校数量少 ,规模小 ,经费缺 ,设备差 ,教学不很正规 ,管理比较涣散。南京国民政府颁布了规范管理和帮助私立高等学校的各项法令与规定 ,私立高等教育的发展较快 ,成为高等教育体系的组成部分 ,配合公立高等学校 ,培育了许多专门人才 ,积累的办学经验对现时代私立高等学校建设和管理都有借鉴意义     

《布朗报告》与英国高等教育持续发展

“确保未来的高等教育持续发展”的《布朗报告》就如何使英国高校得到可持续的经费投入、如何提高英国高等教育的教学质量、如何确保英国高等教育的公共利益等问题提出了改革建议.报告还对英国高等教育场域内各利益相关方——政府、高校、学生或家长、第三方教育监管机构的角色进行了重新界定.在此,着重介绍这项报告的背景、内容及影响,解析英国高等教育发展的趋势及策略.     

A STRENGTHENED EUROPE AS A FACTOR IN THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A UNESCO VISION

Beginning with general considerations about the vocation and role of UNESCO with regard to the promotion of higher education, the article zeroes in on the specific activities of CEPES, the UNESCO European Centre for Higher Education in Bucharest, Romania. Some of these activities, which are presented in detail, involve the massive introduction of new information technologies and electronic communication links into the universities and the higher education systems of the region, particularly in eastern Europe. These will contribute greatly to the internationalization of education, one of the goals of UNESCO.     

11th CONFERENCE OF THE MINISTERS OF HIGHER EDUCATION OF SOCIALIST COUNTRIES

The 11th Conference of the Ministers of Higher Education of Socialist Countries was held in Balaton‐Aliga (Hungary) from 17 to 19 October 1978.

The following information was provided by Dr. Franciszek Januszkie‐wicz for “Higher Education in Europe”. Dr. Januszkiewicz, of the Institute of Science Policy, Technological Progress and Higher Education in Warsaw, is also Managing Editor of the “Contemporary Higher Education” the international journal on higher education in the socialist countries.     

STATISTICS ON STUDENT POPULATION IN THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

Basic statistical data on higher education up io 1976 in the German Democratic Republic was published by the GDR's Ministry for Higher and Specialised Education at the end of 1977. The information presented below is based on some of these data concerning student population.     

NEW FORM OF MEDICAL TRAINING IN ISRAEL: THE BEER‐SHEVA EXPERIMENT

The process and structure of medical education is of continuing concern to the medical profession, governmental agencies and the public at large in most societies. In this context we present the following article, written specially for “Higher Education in Europe”, on the new form of medical training in Israel, which began at the Ben‐Gurion University in 1974. The article was written by Dr. Robert Cohen.     

USE OF EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION BY THE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

After a certain period of relactance and objective difficulties the use of television as an educational medium in the institutions of higher education is now increasing. The following article, written for “Higher Education in Europe” by Drs. Rainhard Borm and Sigrid Borm from the Institute of Higher Education at the Berlin Humboldt University, presents the current situation with regard to the application of educational television in the educational process by the institutions of higher education in the German Democratic Republic.     

HIGHER EDUCATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN LIGHT OF THE RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE TBILISI CONFERENCE

Promotion of environmental education in higher education and Unesco activities in this context, especially in light of the work and recommendations of the Intergovernmental Conference on Environmental Education, are presented in the following article.

It was written for “Higher Education in Europe” by Victor Kolybine from the Environmental Education Section of Unesco.     

The governance of the South African higher education system: balancing state control and state supervision in co-operative governance?

The publication of the National Commission for Higher Education (NCHE) in 1996 was hailed as the first systematic attempt to map out a policy terrain for higher education in South Africa since the elections of April 1994. Its recommendations, particularly on the governance of higher education, elicited much discussion and debate. The debate continued (and continues) with the publication of the Green and White Papers, the Bill on Higher Education, and the Higher Education Act (HEA) in late 1997.This paper explores and seeks to clarify the emerging model of educational governance that has been accepted by the Ministry of Education in South Africa as the basis for managing and transforming the inherited system of higher education. Specifically, the paper considers the philosophy of “co-operative governance” and the governance recommendations of the NCHE Report and the HEA. These documents are examined in relation to state control and state supervision models of higher education governance. The paper concludes by considering the politics of policy development in the transformation of the South African higher education governance system.     

PARTICIPATION OF USA UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES IN CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAMMES

The concept of lifelong education encompasses a number of different types of educational programmes e.g. adult education, recurrent education as well as continuing education. The official legal definition of continuing education in the USA Educational Amendments of 1976 to the Higher Education Act states: “Continuing education programme” means post‐secondary instruction designed to meet the educational ‘ needs and interests of adults, including the expansion of learning opportunities for adults who are not adequately served by current educational offerings in their communities.

The following article presents participation by the US universities and colleges in this form of higher education. It is based oh the paper written by Dr. Rosalind K. Loving, Dean of the College of Continuing Education, University of Southern California and presented during the Salzburg Seminar on Continuing Education which was held from 6 to 26 August 1978 in Salzburg (Austria).     

UNITED STATES: CREATION OF THE COUNCIL FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Seven major United States higher education associations are Charter members of the US Council for International Co‐operation in Higher Education (CICHE) whose objective is to encourage international educational collaboration between US higher education and the higher education communities of other countries. The creation of the Council has been recommended by the study “International Linkages in Higher Education Feasibility Study”.

We give below information on this study and the main task of CICHE.