图书馆知识服务发展历程概述及趋势探讨

随着知识经济时代的到来,知识成为最具关键性的资源。知识服务作为知识创新和增值的新型服务方式,给图书馆的发展带来了契机,也提升了图书馆自身核心竞争力。本文从分析图书馆知识服务产生的动因入手,阐述图书馆知识服务的发展历程,在总结其发展的基础上,根据目前用户信息需求和信息环境的改变,预测图书馆知识服务的发展趋势。     

浅谈图书馆如何开展知识服务

本文通过对图书馆知识服务定义的研究,分析了图书馆知识服务的特点。在分析图书馆知识服务模式的基础上,论述了图书馆应该如何开展知识服务,为用户提供最大的知识需求,实现知识资源的共享以及知识的增值。     

信息增值服务--未来图书馆工作的核心

随着现代技术的发展、信息资源的丰富和用户需求的不断提高，使得传统图书馆员的工作出现危机。本文从信息增值相关概念分析、图书馆与文献信息增值的关系和信息增值服务模式三方面进行分析论述。得出结论：追求文献信息增值最大化是图书馆不变的主题，提供信息增值服务是未来图书馆工作的核心。     

图书馆营销理念选择与营销策略构建

基于图书馆资源的营销策略分别从核心资源、增值资源、潜在资源3个层次构建;基于图书馆用户的营销策略以了解用户需求为前提,旨在从提供静态最优化服务转变为提供动态最适应服务。     

基于图书馆知识积累的知识服务能力

本文分别对知识积累与图书馆知识服务的产生背景进行简单陈述,在此基础上对知识积累、资源观、核心能力观和知识服务能力进行详细分析,进而以知识积累为切入点,基于资源观并融入动态能力理论,探索累积性知识转化为图书馆知识服务能力的过程,并对沉淀式累积知识转化为动态性累积知识及动态性累积知识转化为用户满意的服务过程进行分析,认为社会适应能力、知识增值潜力和业务管理能力是评价用户满意服务的重要指标。     

网络环境下高校数字图书馆用户增值服务体系构建

用户增值服务是高校数字图书馆提高知识服务市场竞争力的主要途径,通过分析图书馆增值服务研究现状,参照高校科研竞争实力排名,从虚拟学习社区、创新服务、科研服务、咨询服务4个方面调查国内外10所高校数字图书馆的用户增值服务项目内容,借鉴其增值服务的实践,建立高校数字图书馆用户增值服务体系。     

图书馆知识服务中的"超越用户"需求策略研究

本文主要论述了知识服务概论及图书馆知识服务的内涵，分析了超越用户需求策略的内涵以及图书馆知识信息用户需求特点，提出超越用户需求策略实现的措施。     

数字图书馆用户服务模型研究

分析了信息资源、服务内容、服务方式、用户需求的变化,对数字图书馆共性需求的服务方式进行了归纳,提出了创造知识内容的信息增值服务模式的数字图书馆的升级服务模型的观点,把数字图书馆的用户服务模型需求进行了重新定位,对“在线参考咨询服务”这一未来图书馆发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于信息技术的中学图书馆服务创新研究

信息技术飞速发展极大改变了用户的信息获取模式,传统以纸质文献服务为核心的中学图书馆服务已无法满足用户需求。中学图书馆可以利用3D技术提供创客服务、基于网络技术开展知识服务、利用移动互联技术推广图书馆活动,不断提高图书馆服务水平。     

基于知识管理的图书馆知识服务应用研究

知识服务是以满足读者需求为中心,围绕知识增值与创新的专业化、个性化和综合集成的服务.高校图书馆实施知识服务依赖于图书馆对知识管理的引进和实施.本文论述了知识管理与知识服务的相互关系,以及基于知识管理的图书馆知识服务的内容与应用策略.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence