时代的呼唤作家的使命

在当今文坛,一些作家受到经济利益驱动,搜奇猎异、虚妄杜撰,甚至以色情渲染为创作手段,丢弃了作家再现生活指导生活崇高的使命。谈歌、何申、关仁山、张平为代表的一批中青年作家,敢于直面社会矛盾,关注民众生活,以时代呼唤为题材选择,弘扬了现实主义创作精神,把现实主义推向新的高度。为时代、为人民创造出更多更好的精神食粮,既是时代的热切呼唤,也是作家崇高的使命     

CONTINUING EDUCATION,THE PROMOTION OF CULTURE,AND THE SOCIAL ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY

For many years, the author has been thinking about the problem of how to combine continuing education courses in universities with efforts to promote the dissemination of culture in the broadest sense. He begins his article with two definitions, one of the concept of continuing education itself, the other of the concept of culture. He indicates that increasingly a popular demand is being manifested for courses combining both objectives, particularly on the part of those who had to interrupt their studies prematurely or who completed them some time ago. He cites two seminars currently being offered at the University oE Athens, one an interdisciplinary seminar in philosophy, organized eight years ago, the other, a seminar in the philosophy of art. Both of them have opened their doors to all interested persons. They have been extremely popular, despite the fact that enrol‐lecs earn no credit for attending them. With the aid of the appropriate national authorities, similar programmes could be created in other universities in the countries belonging to Unesco so as to respond to a genuine social need.     

十万大山植物区系的基本特征

根据多次野外考察调查结果 ,并查阅大量有关资料 ,整理出十万大山植物区系特有植物名录 ,对十万大山植物区系特有植物的区系地理成分进行了简要的分析 ,总结出十万大山的植物区系的基本特征     

论人治、息讼和宗族意识对法治观念形成的消极影响

法治的建立受多方面因素的影响,其中,法治观念的形成尤为重要,是建立法治的民众基础。笔者试图通过对封建传统文化中对法治的建立起制约作用的人治、息讼和宗族意识的分析,以引起民众的普遍关注,从而自觉抵制封建残余思想,加快法治的进程。     

JEREMY BENTHAM,THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND,AND THE FRAUDULENT ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL SCHOOLS SOCIETY

The German medieval universities entered the picture late but abo as a new type. Territorial rulers, city authorities and their boards combined the older types of Bologna and Paris and out of them formed the new “German type”: the Four‐faculties‐University which was forced to tolerate not only the different branches in one and the same “universitas” but moreover the enormous differences relating to the social backgrounds of lawyers, theologians, medical doctors and men of arts. The territorial structure of the Holy Roman Empire finally explains the fast growing number of universities. The rulers, however, were concerned about increasing the prestige and profit of their dynasties and rule rather than about general education and science. University studies and education nevertheless introduced one of the most momentous processes of innovation in Germany. Until the Reformation more than 250000 persons had attended the universities, about 80 percent as men of liberal arts however. This fact has to be kept in mind when dealing with a comparative history of education in Europe.

*This contribution is concieved as an essay, as a state of the art. It is based on a selection of older and recent works mentioned in the select bibliography at the end of the article and on proper reflection. Therefore, I omitted to add notes to the text.     

伊盟杭锦旗锡尼镇土地利用现状、结构及存在的问题

城镇规划建设以土地利用现状为基础,通过对城镇土地结构的分析,可以发现城镇用地现状中存在的问题,以便制订科学的土地利用规划,调整用地结构和控制非生产建设用地规模,指导城镇建设合理用地的实践。本文介绍了机助制城镇土地利用图的方法,分析了杭锦旗锡尼镇土地利用现状特点和结构,进而提出该镇土地合理规划建设的意见     

THE COMPARABILITY OF THE WAIS, WISC, AND WBII

Three Wechsler scales (the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and Wechsler-Bellevue II) were administered in a counterbalanced design to 72 randomly selected 17 year-old high school Ss in order to investigate their comparability by testing the equality of ( a ) means, ( b ) variances, ( c ) reliability coefficients, and ( d ) validity coefficients based on scaled scores and IQs. Results indicated that the subtest scores and IQs for the given three scales were not equivalent. The present findings conform with most of the previous results regarding the comparability of Wechsler scales. Although the three scales investigated all evidence high similarity of item content and format, they clearly fail to meet the statistical criteria of equivalence for 17 year-old subjects.     

应用自由体积理论计算纯物质的摩尔汽化热

该文应用自由体积理论 ,引入 Pitzer压缩因子对气相进行非理想性修正 ,由物质的基本特性参数自由体积Vf、正常沸点 Tb及饱和蒸气压 Pg 计算了 2 5种纯液体的摩尔汽化热 ,计算值与实验值的平均相对偏差仅± 0 .5 .     

THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IN THE SOCIAL,ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY

The article is an argument in favour of a type of national science policy in which a National Academy of Sciences is at the same time the highest ranking association of scientists and the capstone of a national organization of research institutes specialized in different fields of the sciences and the humanities. Such was the Soviet Academy of Sciences and is now the Russian Academy of Sciences, the roots of which go back to 1724. The achievements in science of the various Academy institutes are detailed, and while the author recognizes that the universities too perform research, their basic task is teaching. For him, the duality of research in the academy and teaching in the universities has given good results and should continue.     

THE STATE,PARENTING, AND THE POPULIST ENERGIES OF ANXIETY

In this essay James Conroy raises the question of how far the state should engage in the rearing of children, looking in particular at homeschooling as a site for contestation. He considers this question by looking specifically at recent developments in the United Kingdom around the elision of child safeguarding issues with concern about the control of home education. In the first part of the essay, Conroy explores some general questions about the relation between politics and populism, and the consequences for the prerogatives of parents. In the second part of the essay, he interrogates constructivist accounts of the family and offers something of a historical corrective to the widely held view (emanating from Philippe Ariès) that the very conceit of the family is a “modern” invention. This analysis leads Conroy to conclude that, while states do have a proper locus in the upbringing of children, they must make certain presumptions in favor of the parent if governmental responses to home education are to be considered political rather than populist and “controlling.”     

陕北榆林市古塔乡秦代天文遗迹的发现

笔者在识别航测地形图若干地物符号的过程，通过对陕北榆林市长城之南约80平方公里范围内黄土高原上22个墩台的考察研究，发现它们是秦王朝王朝在上郡（长城）内的：（1）公元前324年的疆堆－占五星占，占月台，占日台，太白占狼弧星台；（2）公元前221年祭参虎星台；（3）公元前215年新增疆堆－占毕占昴星台。     

FAAS法测定人发不同时期锌钙含量研究

本采用FAAS法对人发不同生长时期ZnCa含量进行了测定，对测定过程中样品的洗涤、消化进行了研究。并对21名女性距头皮0－9厘米头发含量进行分段测定，得到了满意的结果，具有实际意义。     

THE CONCRETE,THE COMMUNAL AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF GABRIEL MORAN

The mind is like an eye that sees but cannot see itself (Eck, 1981).