课题制制度预期及实施成效分析

 课题制是一种科技经费分配的方式,也是一种科研管理制度。我国国家科技计划实施课题已经有近十年的时间,全面准确地评价课题制的制度实施成效是下一阶段制度执行的依据和基础。文章通过对比课题制的制度预期和实现情况来综合评价课题制的实施成效,在肯定课题制实施的积极效果的同时也提出了存在的主要问题,并讨论了进一步完善课题制的思路。     

Local Adaptations to Global Trends: A Study of an IT-Based Organizational Change Program in a Nigerian Bank

The working assumption of this research is that the utilization of information technology (IT) and IT-based practices in any part of the world currently is taking place within the globalization trends. In recent times, studies in information systems (IS) are beginning to examine whether the globalization process portends homogeneity for developing countries' organizations or whether these organizations can utilize IT and IT-based management techniques according to the sociocultural requirements of their contexts. These studies show the importance of the local context and, more specifically, the importance of adapting global IT-based practices when implementing them in developing countries. However, the precise nature of these adaptations and the factors that shape them are still poorly understood--leaving this a fruitful area for research. In line with this view, this article explores how a Nigerian bank implemented and adapted a global IT-based technique, the factors that influence such adaptations, and what results are achieved.     

信息系统实施用户抵制研究综述

综述IS领域解释用户抵制行为的研究,根据其研究对象,分为个体层抵制行为研究和组织层抵制行为研究,探讨其研究视角和理论发展,试图厘清IS领域中用户抵制研究的发展脉络,希望给出研究理论的全貌,为今后更好的进行用户抵制研究打下基础。     

绿色增长战略实施能力体系研究

构建完善的绿色增长战略实施能力体系是实施绿色增长战略,实现战略目标的保障。本文通过对绿色增长及绿色增长战略相关文献的分析,从战略实施的角度识别了绿色增长战略的参与者。通过分析参与者能力要素及其相互关系,构建了绿色增长战略实施的能力体系。研究认为,只有充分发挥各能力要素间的协同作用,才能有效实施绿色增长战略。这需要政府引导企业行为及绿色消费,公众充分参与政府绿色决策,市场培育绿色能力。在此基础上,企业利用政府支持之手,满足消费者绿色需求,实现环境和经济的双赢。     

A new perspective of BDA and information quality from final users of information: A multiple study approach

Although organizational factors related to big data analytics (BDA) and its performance have been studied extensively, the number of failed BDA projects continues to rise. The quality of BDA information is a commonly cited factor in explanations for such failures and could prove key to improving project performance. Using the resource-based view (RBV) lens, data analytics literature, business strategy control, and an empirical setup of two studies based on marketing and information technology managerial data, we draw on the dimensions of the balanced scorecard (BSC) as an integrating framework of BDA organizational factors. Specifically, we tested a model –from two different perspectives– that would explain information quality through analytical talent and organizations' data plan alignment. Results showed that both managers have a different understanding of what information quality is. The characteristics that make marketing a better informer of information quality are identified. In addition, hybrid (embedded) type analyst placements are seen to achieve better performance. Moreover, we add greater theoretical rigour by incorporating the moderating effect of the use of big data analytics in companies. Finally, the BSC provided a greater causal understanding of the resources and capabilities within a data strategy.     

Model-driven formative evaluation of exploratory search: A study under a sensemaking framework

The evaluation of exploratory search relies on the ongoing paradigm shift from focusing on the search algorithm to focusing on the interactive process. This paper proposes a model-driven formative evaluation approach, in which the goal is not the evaluation of a specific system, per se, but the exploration of new design possibilities. This paper gives an example of this approach where a model of sensemaking was used to inform the evaluation of a basic exploratory search system(s) in the context of a sensemaking task. The model suggested that, rather than just looking at simple search performance measures, we should examine closely the interwoven, interactive processes of both representation construction and information seeking. Participants were asked to make sense of an unfamiliar topic using an augmented query-based search system. The processes of representation construction and information seeking were captured and analyzed using data from experiment notes, interviews, and a system log. The data analysis revealed users’ sources of ideas for structuring representations and a tightly coupled relationship between search and representation construction in their exploratory searches. For example, users strategically used search to find useful structure ideas instead of just accumulating information facts. Implications for improving current search systems and designing new systems are discussed.     

Collaborative risk method for information security management practices: A case context within Turkey

In this case study, a collaborative risk method for information security management has been analyzed considering the common problems encountered during the implementation of ISO standards in eight Turkish public organizations. This proposed risk method has been applied within different public organizations and it has been demonstrated to be effective and problem-free. The fundamental issue is that there is no legislation that regulates the information security liabilities of the public organizations in Turkey. The findings and lessons learned presented in this case provide useful insights for practitioners when implementing information security management projects in other international public sector organizations.     

Uncertainty in information seeking and retrieval: A study in an academic environment

This research focuses specifically on uncertainty and information seeking in a digital environment. In this research we argue that different types of uncertainty are associated with the information seeking process and that, with the proliferation of new and different search tools, sources and channels, uncertainty, positive/desirable or negative/undesirable, continues to be a significant factor in the search process. Users may feel uncertain at any stage of the information search and retrieval process and uncertainty may remain even after completion of the process resulting in what may be called persistent uncertainty. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from users in the higher education sector. There were three parts to the questionnaire focusing on: information seeking activities, information seeking problems, and access to specific information channels or sources. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the data collected through the online questionnaire. A total of 668 responses were returned from the chosen user categories of academic staff, research staff and research students. This research has shown that there are some information seeking activities and information seeking problems that are the most common causes of uncertainty among significant number of users from different disciplines, age, gender, ICT skills, etc. This is also the case with respect to access to and use of specific information sources/channels, although the degrees of uncertainty in relation are relatively small. Possible implications of this study and further research issues are indicated.     

A case study of morphogenetic change in long-term offshoring

This paper applies a morphogenetic change framework to the case study of a financial information services provider's relationships with offshore IT application vendors over a six year period, in order to discover the underlying causal mechanisms. The analysis finds the progression to have consisted of a sequence of three major organizational changes, where each change was characterized by a morphogenetic cycle of three phases – Structural and Cultural Conditioning, Socio-Cultural Interactions, and Structural and Cultural Elaboration. In the first phase of each change cycle, structural and cultural outcomes of antecedent cycles conditioned the context as perceived by managerial actors. In the second phase, these conditioning factors interacted with the organization's prevailing socio-cultural dynamics to influence managerial decisions and to effect change. Finally, in the third phase, the emergent consequences of their decisions further altered the structural and cultural landscape, thus conditioning the context for the subsequent change cycle. While the specific organizational mechanisms activated varied from one cycle to the next, the overall analysis collectively revealed the company's quest for more effective vendor relationships. It was seen to have struggled with inconsistencies in its view of a captive vendor's role in the first cycle, and a lack of standard processes with multiple vendors in the second cycle, before establishing closer, comprehensive, successful relationships with two vendors in the third cycle. These findings serve to validate the utility of the morphogenetic analytical framework in uncovering change factors unique to specific offshoring contexts.     

The influence of ERP system implementation on the operational performance of an organization

We investigate changes in operational performance that result from enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementation. A literature-based and theory-driven model was developed to examine the relationship between ERP system implementation status and operational performance. Data were gathered through a field study to test the hypothesized relationships. The results indicate that the implementation of each ERP system module influences operational performance measures differently. In addition, the results highlight the varying influence of the implementation of the ERP system, as a whole, on operational performance measures. Our findings suggest that a better understanding of the contribution of ERP systems to operational performance can be obtained if researchers and managers assess changes in operational performance at both the modular and the system levels.     

基于政策执行理论的辽宁省产学研技术创新体系研究

在产学研结合技术创新体系基本理论基础上提出产学研结合技术创新体系的定义和内涵,分析辽宁省建设产学研结合技术创新体系的现状及发展面临的问题,运用史密斯政策执行模型分析产学研创新体系的政策执行过程的规律,进而提出解决产学研政策执行问题的具体对策。     

不同身份作者的科研产出力与学术影响力分析——以情报学CSSCI期刊为例

【目的】 分析与评价不同身份作者的科研产出力与学术影响力。【方法】 选取情报学CSSCI来源期刊的作者为研究对象,以性别、职称和学位为作者身份信息的主要构成部分,以论文数和基金论文数代表作者的科研产出力,以论文被引频次和下载量表征其学术影响力,采用SPSS统计学软件对数据进行分析。【结果】 不同身份作者的科研产出力差异有统计学意义,但其学术影响力差异无统计学意义。【结论】 作者的身份对期刊影响力的贡献没有明显差异,期刊编辑和同行专家在审稿过程中应避免依据作者身份来判断稿件学术价值,公平、公正地对待所有学术工作者。     

Modelling information flow for organisations: A review of approaches and future challenges

Modelling is a classic approach to understanding complex problems that can be achieved diagrammatically to visualise concepts, and mathematically to analyse attributes of concepts. An organisation as a communicating entity is a made up of constructs in which people can have access to information and speak to each other. Modelling information flow for organisations is a challenging task that enables analysts and managers to better understand how to: organise and coordinate processes, eliminate redundant information flows and processes, minimise the duplication of information and manage the sharing of intra- and inter-organisational information.     

Knowledge transfer in post-merger integration management: case study of a multinational healthcare company in Greece

Faced with demanding time constraints and the need to compete and communicate across a global market, firms have engaged in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) to accomplish various objectives, including, but not limited to, increasing growth potential and expanding product lines. Given the vital role of knowledge in the M&A context, the aim of this case study is to explore the literature in the area of M&As from a knowledge perspective and to investigate the knowledge variable in the local Hellenic Post-Merger Integration (PMI) of the Roche Consumer Health division acquired by Bayer, both leading multinational pharmaceutical companies. The study focuses on whether the stakeholders think that one specific factor, namely knowledge transfer, has helped them develop towards one high-performance body, and, if so, what were the most significant experiences leading to this development. We followed a number of employees from both. The results of the study provide a better understanding of the key drivers of the knowledge transfer in a PMI. The critical factors (macro and micro) encourage or discourage knowledge transfer in integrating organizations. The assessment took place approximately six months after the contractual completion of the acquisition and was based on the management and co-workers’ perception of how integration at the Greek Bayer company had progressed. The Orton case study was developed as a complement to the theoretical framework on intangible synergies in the M&A context. It provides a practical perspective regarding the complexities and peculiarities involved in each M&A operation by confronting the conceptual framework with field realities.     

Classifying web genres in context: A case study documenting the web genres used by a software engineer

This case study analyzes the Internet-based resources that a software engineer uses in his daily work. Methodologically, we studied the web browser history of the participant, classifying all the web pages he had seen over a period of 12 days into web genres. We interviewed him before and after the analysis of the web browser history. In the first interview, he spoke about his general information behavior; in the second, he commented on each web genre, explaining why and how he used them. As a result, three approaches allow us to describe the set of 23 web genres obtained: (a) the purposes they serve for the participant; (b) the role they play in the various work and search phases; (c) and the way they are used in combination with each other. Further observations concern the way the participant assesses quality of web-based resources, and his information behavior as a software engineer.     

Evaluation of a mobile information system in context

The motivation for this work has been to provide relevant information to the right situation for mobile phone users. We have iteratively developed applications for travellers and tourists to provide a general travel guide with local tourist information. This used a combination of wireless tag technology and information from content service providers. The paper presents our evaluation methodology and how we used it to develop the applications.     

The role of feedback in changing organizational routine: A case study of Haier,China

The ability to change organizational routines according to the need of organizational transformation is difficult to achieve, but increasingly vital for an organization to survive in a highly turbulent business environment. However, despite fruitful research on organizational routines, how routines evolve through feedback remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of feedback in routine changes by examining a case study of Haier, the largest home appliance manufacturer in the world. The findings of this case show that feedback of a routine plays a critical role in routine changes. It highlights that feedback helps an organization to make sense of its behavior patterns and evaluate these patterns properly, which enable the organizations to better initiate and advocate routine changes that are necessary for a successful organizational transformation. Further, this case shows the importance of leveraging IT in managing routine changes.     

The implementation of the Spa Select System: Coming to grips with the cog in the machine

This paper illustrates the tribulations of implementing a technology-based system to aid management of information at a Spa and a Salon. While the implementation may itself appear to be rather simplistic, a number of issues of concern emerge. These range from inadequate planning, inability to define organizational processes, and resistance to change due to poor management of user skills and interests. While the organization eventually achieved the investment objective it had set out for itself, the process of implementation was riddled with problems—disgruntled employees, unfair compensation plans and a general discontentment with the system. The paper contextualizes a range of issues related to information management and how a technological solution resulted in resistance to change and business process management challenges.     

Demystifying blockchain: A critical analysis of challenges,applications and opportunities

The blockchain is considered to be the potential driver of the digital economy. The Blockchain technology outweighs the challenges associated with the traditional transaction business governed and regulated by the third trusted party. There is a growth in the interest among the researchers, the industry, and the academia to study and leverage the potential of Blockchain. Blockchain provides a decentralized and distributed public ledger for all the participating parties. Though it seems that blockchain is a viable choice and solution for all the centralized governed and regulated transactions (in digital online space), it has potential challenges that need to be resolved; opportunities to be explored, and applications to be studied. This paper utilizes a systematic literature review to study several research endeavors made in the domain of blockchain. To further research on blockchain adoption, the paper theoretically constructs an integrated framework of the blockchain innovation adoption process in an organization considering organizational and user acceptance perspectives. This would facilitate its widespread adoption, thereby achieving sustained leadership solutions. The paper offers 23 propositions to information systems (IS)/information management (IM) scholars with respect to innovation characteristics, organizational characteristics, environmental characteristics, and user acceptance characteristics. Further, the paper explores several areas of future research and directions that can provide deep insights for overcoming challenges and for the adoption of blockchain technology.     

Innovating strategically in information and knowledge management: Applications of organizational behavior theory

A business school declares its strategy as becoming a leading European institution. As main vehicle for achieving recognition is the implementation of a top-down strategy naming five academic fields as key – (a) finance, (b) economics, (c) marketing, (d) law, accounting, and auditing, and (e) organizational behavior (OB). Top management allocates resources for research, academic activities, and positions to these five strategically chosen areas. Academic areas that are not strategically named must generate their own income through educational programs and research grants. Can OB serve as the platform to ensure the survival of IS/KMS? In our analysis, we found no other business school formulating a strategy along these lines; dominating strategic themes are internationalization, research excellence, and student environment. No academic field is singled out as strategic. We argue that selecting a few academic areas as a strategy is dysfunctional. We also found that OB is not very actively employed in research, be it positioning, theory, research model, analysis, or discussion. Hence, we do not find that OB offers any theorizing help to IS/KMS – this in contrast to innovation and change theories, for which we propose an framework as a means of defining IS/KMS research projects.