The Discourse of the Learning Society and the Loss of Childhood

I argue that Hannah Arendt's analysis of the development of modern society illuminates one aspect of prevailing educational discourse. We can understand the ‘learning society’ as both an effect and an instrument of the logic of ‘bare biological life’ or zoé that Arendt claims is the ultimate point of reference for modern society. In such a society we seem to live permanently under the threat of social exclusion, being permanently put in the position of learners or problem‐solvers, without the right of appeal. To imagine the possibility of such an appeal requires us to recover our sense of the experience of childhood.     

失语的由来

本立足于世纪之交论“失语症”和重建中国论话语的学术背景,全面回顾了20世纪中国论与学所走过的历程,指出论“失语症”是由于论与学之间的疏离,隔膜,倒置,错位所导致的。     

语篇知识与英语学习

针对大学生平时的英语学习中存在忽略语篇知识的问题 ,分析了语篇知识在英语学习中的作用 ,提出如何利用语篇知识 ,提高英语学习层次和学习效果的设想     

The Structure of Discourse in Collaborative Learning

The authors examined the types of discourse structures that emerge during peer learning and the ways in which those structures are related to learning. One hundred and five 5th graders learned about writing conclusions that summarized the results of experiments they had conducted with electrical circuits. In groups of 4, they discussed the quality of 3 conclusions. The discourse structure of the discussions could be readily characterized as a network of arguments and counterarguments. The quantitative measures of the quality of those argument structures were positively related to improvement in the students' ability to write their own conclusions. In addition, the students who simply discussed whether the 3 conclusions were OK or not OK generated less complex argument structures than the students who discussed which of the 3 conclusions was best and which was worst. The results demonstrate the importance of considering the structure of peer discourse as a mediator of what students learn from peer interactions.     

学习化社会背景下的瑞典教育改革——以学前教育和高等教育为蓝本

二战后,瑞典为推进学习化社会的建设,政府以终身教育为指导思想大力改革传统教育体制,尤其重视学前教育的基础性和高等教育的引导作用.在学前教育的改革方面,瑞典政府明晰学前教育目标,强调儿童的全面发展,革新学前教育内容和方式.在高等教育的改革方面,瑞典政府扩大高等教育的规模,为终身教育实施提供条件,加强对高等教育的调控,为终身教育提供制度保障.     

Inquiry-Based Learning and the Art of Mathematical Discourse

Abstract

Our particular flavor of inquiry-based learning (IBL) uses mathematical discourse, conversations, and discussions to empower students to deepen their mathematical thinking, building on strengths of students in the humanities. We present an organized catalog of powerful questions, discussion prompts, and talk moves that can help faculty facilitate a classroom focused on mathematical discourse. The paper brings this discourse alive through classroom vignettes and explores various teacher moves and their impacts. The mathematical theme of the classroom investigations, Maypole dance patterns, stems from the learning guide “Discovering the Art of Mathematics: Dance.” Both authors are part of the NSF-funded project “Discovering the Art of Mathematics,” which provides IBL materials for mathematics for liberal arts courses, see www.artofmathematics.org.     

学习化社会的特征和创建

学习化社会是一个人人均能终生学习的理想社会,它具有学习进程的终身性、学习机会的平等性、学习者的主体性、学习内容的全面性和学习空间的开放性等特点。创建学习化社会要从营造良好的学习氛围、加大对教育的投入、构建终身教育体系和塑造学习型组织四个方面入手。     

终身学习与学习化社会

建立学习化社会，实现终身学习，是进入知识经济时代世界各国的必然选择。它一方面要求学校向社会开放，为各类社会成员提供多种、多次受教育的机会，形成开放、灵活、发达、完备的终身教育体系。一方面要求创建学习型组织、学习型家庭、学习型企业、学习型社区，形成人人学习、终身学习的环境和氛围，使学习成为基本的生存和发展方式。     

The Significance of the Learning Society for Women and Men with Learning Difficulties

This article draws on work undertaken as part of the Economic and Social Research Council's Learning Society Programme. The project from which data are drawn, entitled 'The Meaning of the Learning Society for Adults with Learning Difficulties', focused on lifelong learning opportunities available to people with learning difficulties and experiences of these services. The article begins by examining theories of late modernity, their use by feminist and disability studies theorists and their relationship to ideas of a learning society. Subsequently, using case study material, it is argued that the identities of people with learning difficulties are not chosen freely from a range of options but are socially ascribed. The status of learning difficulties is used as a dominant category to justify deprivation of basic political and economic rights. In addition, the lives of people with learning difficulties are structured by gender and class, and these intersect with the category of learning difficulties. For both women and men, the advantages of middle-class social and economic capital are overridden by the negative category of learning difficulties. In relation to gender, men with learning difficulties are more likely to receive post-school training, but in inappropriate areas of the labour market. Their domestic needs are also likely to be attended to by others, but in the absence of employment, they find themselves without any valued social role. Women with learning difficulties are also likely to be excluded from the labour market, but are more likely to be involved in reciprocal, albeit limited, social relationships. It is concluded that postmodernist theories are inadequate to describe the structuring of the lives of people with learning difficulties.     

The Micropolitics of Gender in the Learning Society

Why, the author asks, despite the women's movement, policy initiatives, the enhanced participation of women in higher education, particularly as students, are women so under-represented in the higher strata of higher education and in the e ´lite professions in general. She seeks the answer to her question in an analysis of micropolitics, particularly the micropolitics of gender in organizations in general and in higher education and the learning society, in particular. Through the manipulation of gendered power relationships at micropolitical level the traditional, and flawed, power structures of higher education persist and graft themselves onto the new concept of the learning society. Notions of leadership, superiority, and academic excellence continue to be characterized as masculine.     

The Role of Discourse Novelty in Early Word Learning

2 studies of word learning are reported. In Study 1, 24-month-old children and 2 adults played with 3 nameless objects. These objects were placed in a clear box along with a novel nameless object. The adults then displayed excitement about the contents of the box and modeled a new word. Comparison with a control condition indicated significant learning of the new word for the novel object. Study 2 followed the same procedure with one difference: the children played with the novel object while the adults were absent. Thus, at the time of the language model the target object was novel only to the adults, not to the children. Again subjects displayed significant learning of the new word. This last finding suggests that 24-month-old children understand that adults use language for things that are novel to the discourse context and that this novelty is determined from the speaker's point of view.     

学习社会概念的由来与发展

文章介绍了早期学习社会的概念及相关论述,考察了学习社会概念的由来与发展,描述了学习社会的当今模型。文章还特别介绍了理查德·爱德伍兹有关学习社会方面的论述。     

学习型社会建设:期待与质疑

建设学习型社会是国家教育发展的重要战略之一。西方学者对学习型社会建设的认识期待,主要包括提升劳动力、促进人的全面发展、培养合格公民和建设民主社会、新的社会形态、文化革命和社会运动、社会和谐等六个方面,以及神话论、乌托邦、理想主义、掩盖论、异化论等五大质疑。在此基础上进一步反思了开展的学习型社会(城市)建设实践。这可以丰富我们对学习型社会的认识,为推进我国学习型社会建设提供启发。     

学习型社会的知识谱系及其结构关系

在当下关于学习型社会的认识与建设上,主要存在着两个问题:一是在思想上偏重于技术与制度设计等实用方面,二是在总体上显得比较抽象与空泛。学习型社会在学习的具体内容上,至少应包括五种知识谱系:一是哲学知识谱系,二是政治知识谱系,三是实用知识谱系,四是伦理知识谱系,五是审美知识谱系。其结构关系可以分为三层:一是哲学与政治的层面,集中体现了最高的发展理念与现实发展的指导思想。二是实用知识的层面,既是哲学语境中发展理念的"感性显现",同时也是政治上的现实发展目标的具体实施手段。三是伦理知识与审美知识的层面,与前两个层面不同,美学与伦理学提供的是两种具有超越意义的生命活动方式,并划定了学习与教育的人文空间。     

学习型社会背景下成人终身学习模式探究

构建成人终身学习的学习型社会是我国全面建设小康社会的重要目标。学习型社会为成人学习者提供了一个良好的终身学习环境,促进了成人学习不断向全民化、终身化方向发展。通过成人学习者与普通学生不同的心理特征和学习特征的对比分析,结合终身学习的特点提出了成人终身学习的四个模式,即主动式学习模式、发现式学习模式、合作式学习模式、开放式学习模式。最后,在四个模式的基础上进行分析和探讨。     

学习化小区:构建学习化社会的重要途径

随着我国构建学习化社会理论与实践的发展，构建学习化小区已成为实现学习化社会的重要途径。本文从知识经济、社会结构、个体发展、全面建设小康社会、和谐社会的角度分析构建学习化小区的必要性，并从转变观念提升居民学习力、培育学习化家庭和楼组、创设学习化小区的保障机制、建立小区教育的操作体系等四方面提出构建学习化小区的对策。     

开放性的学习型社会之生活构造

开放性的学习型社会经过近半个世纪的发展沿革,其内在本质表达出：人需要不断地学习来提升能力;这实质上就是主体生活的不断被发现、被开启、被创造的过程,从而体现出生活的本质.这是与马克思主义生活哲学之精神具有深刻的一致性.由此,本文阐述学习型社会是对市民社会的一种超越,是塑造未来社会生存的一个基本模式.     

终身学习的历史逻辑演进与学习化社会的发展

通过对终身学习的历史逻辑演进的梳理与分析可以得出以下结论:学习化社会是终身学习理论进行可操作性定义时所衍生的逻辑结果,是终身学习理论的制度化模式。在其型构过程中,学习化社会作为组织系统的分析框架具有五个侧度:行动主体;物质基础;非物质资源投入;制度安排;组织形式。