黑人女性的生存空间：评托妮·莫里森的小说《秀拉》

美国著名黑人女作家托妮·莫里森在其第二部小说《秀拉》中探讨了美国黑人女性所面临的因境：一方面作为个体,黑人女性渴望超越种族局限获得真正的个体自由;可另一方面作为黑人女性,她们在探求自由的旅途上却面临更多的阻力。《秀拉》通过对同名主人公秀拉命运的关注,为黑人女性摆脱因境提出了一条出路,那就是在黑人族群中找到发展自我的空间,从而储备力量,为争取更大的自由而努力。     

美国梦与二十世纪美国黑人文学

作为美国文学不可或缺的部分,二十世纪黑人文学一直以美国梦为一个重要主题。在二十世纪早期,黑人文学充分表达了对于黑人民族的赞美和对于自由平等梦想的憧憬与努力;中期以抗议小说为代表的黑人文学则震撼地再现了当时美国社会的种族歧视和黑人贫困状况以及作家对于美国梦能否实现的焦虑与担忧;后期以沃克、莫里森为代表的黑人女性作家反思了黑人群体的狭隘排外,倡导黑人男性与女性、黑人与白人之间的博爱与融合。     

生存·斗争·妥协——美国黑人法律制度构建研究

从第一批黑人踏上美国土地,为了如何生存谱写了一部血泪斗争史,也是一部利益驱动下妥协史,从奴隶到自由人再到公民,在美国法律史上定下的每个烙印,形成以制定法和一系列重要司法判例共同构成的美国黑人法律制度。本文追寻美国黑人争取自由、平等的历程,分析美国黑人法律制度构建轨迹,揭示美国法律制度构建依据、核心价值和人权实质。     

从美国殖民地时期自由黑人的人口结构看白人对自由黑人的态度成因

在关国殖民地时期,自由黑人仅占全部自由民的2％左右,不足以构成对白人统治的威胁,而在这为数极少的自由黑人中,黑白混血儿占80％左右。因此殖民地时期是美国自由黑人发展的最好时期,自由黑人得到了白人普遍的友好和宽容。     

埃利森《六月庆典》主题探讨

从洛克的宗教哲学观、萨特的存在主义和弗洛伊德的精神分析学说的角度讨论<六月庆典>,分析小说中的人物,可以发现现代美国黑人确认自我、赢得自由解放、进而与现代美国主流社会和谐共处的历程,揭示拉尔夫·埃利森捍卫黑人传统道德文化、争取黑人权利、探索黑人身份的积极价值观以及促进黑人与美国主流社会和谐共处的创作主旨.     

略论18世纪末美国革命对废奴运动的影响

美国革命对美国废奴运动产生了多方面的影响:独立战争爆发前的母国与殖民地权利之争将自由平等话语引入废奴运动,使废奴运动具有了政治正确性。但独立战争时期为了加强白人革命者内部的团结,将黑人塑造为英国侵略者的代理人,则给各州推行废奴政策造成了巨大的困难。革命期间自由话语的采用一方面加强了黑人对新生美国的认同以及黑人内部的民族凝聚力,但独立战争期间对黑人的排斥也造成了黑人中间的离心倾向。这多方面的影响形成了内战前美国废奴运动的发展框架。     

黑人奴隶主的非营利性蓄奴刍议

正如不是所有的黑人都是奴隶一样,也不是所有的奴隶主都是白人.在美国南北战争之前,一部分富裕的自由黑人已经跃入了奴隶主阶层.而且在这部分黑人奴隶主中又有一些蓄奴行为不是为了获取经济利益,而是为了给予奴隶以自由.他们蓄养的这些奴隶和他们之间的关系实际上不是简单的奴隶和奴隶主之间被剥削与剥削的关系,而是父母与子女的亲情关系.在"1800年法令"和"1820年法令"之后.作为奴隶主的黑人父母被迫蓄养着自己的奴隶子女,竭力地维护奴隶子女表面上的自由,同时也为子女的合法自由东奔西走.     

珀尔·克里奇戏剧创作的艺术性

当代美国著名黑人女性剧作家珀尔·克里奇的戏剧充分体现了她的黑人女性主义思想意识。她对黑人女性人物形象的刻画、不在场的黑人男性角色的创设、现实主义与非现实主义表现手法的运用充分体现了她戏剧创作的艺术性。     

小议《看不见的人》中自由与爱的主题

《看不见的人》是美国著名黑人作家拉尔夫.埃里森的代表作。这部小说在探索黑人个性和自我本质失落问题的中心主题的同时,对自由和爱这两个次级主题也进行了细致的探究。     

思想与艺术结合的奇葩——《在路上》赏析

《在路上》是美国著名黑人作家兰斯顿·休斯的名篇之一。作者站在被压迫黑人的立场,将象征、梦幻、神话等艺术手法溶于一体,真实地再现了以主人公萨金特为代表的美国黑人在经济大危机时期的苦难生活和悲惨命运,有力地抨击了白人统治者奉行的种族歧视政策,他的这一力作意在启发黑人觉悟,发出了黑人要求自由平等和民主的呼声,号召黑人起来斗争,冲破黑暗,去迎接光明和自由。本篇简约含蓄,蕴含遥深,在美国文学史上是当之无愧的佳作。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.