无穷区间广义积分的几种计算方法

利用概率统计、数学分析理论给出无穷限广义积分的几种计算方法,在教学中运用这几种方法开拓学生视野。激发学生的学习兴趣。     

浅析地震勘探反演技术

地震勘探技术是油气资源,地球深部探测及工程勘察等重要的物探方法之一,而地震反演技术是地震勘探的核心技术。地震反演技术是利用采集到的地震资料反推地下介质的波阻抗或速度分布,并估算储层参数进行储层预测和油藏描述的一种技术方法,对储层预测,内陆深部探测及隐伏油气藏等勘探过程中有重要指导意义。本文简述了近年来的几种地震反演技术理论,并对地震反演技术的发展方向进行了总结。     

浅谈负荷预测方法

本文分析了电力系统规划中负荷预测中几种预测方法,简单介绍了负荷预测方法的原理以及优缺点,总结归纳了现有常见的几种负荷预测方法。     

基于三螺旋理论的新兴产业技术预测方法探索

分析了当前的新兴产业技术预测研究及实践中,存在的定量方法数据关联性研究不足和即时性不够,以及技术产业化可能性和前景评估环节缺失的问题,提出运用三螺旋理论解决这几个问题的思路。设计出一种基于三螺旋理论的新兴产业技术预测方法：通过解析科技论文、专利和科技舆情三种类型信息之间的关联性,及其在技术预测中的交互作用,运用三螺旋理论来构建技术预测“论文-专利-舆情”三螺旋模型,用于预测新兴产业的未来技术方向；结合新兴产业及技术特征分析,运用原始“大学-产业-政府”三螺旋理论模型进行技术产业化可能性和前景评估,对所预测的新兴产业未来技术方向进行优选。同时,对该方法的可行性进行了分析论证。     

指数平滑常数的特性及其选择

指数平滑法是短期经济预测中一种极为有效的方法,尤其适用于没有季节效应的时间序列预测,效果尤佳。在应用指数平滑法预测时,平滑常数α的选择是否适宜,直接影响到预测效果的好坏,本文就平滑常数α的特性和选取原则进行有关的讨论,并介绍几种较为常用的选择方法。     

作为预测方法的预测市场及其与德尔菲法比较研究

预测市场是兴起于20世纪90年代新的预测理论和实践,为预测和决策开辟了经济学的视角这一片新的天空。短短的10余年时间,就引起了众多领域学者的注意,并且其实践的范围迅速扩大。德尔菲法是在预测和决策中得到最广泛运用的一种方法,从其出现到现在,也只有40多年的时间。本文认为两种预测方法具有共性,但又各有特点,本文从多个方面对两种方法进行了比较：源起和背景的比较;理论基础与机制的比较;程序和方法的比较;应用范围和效果的比较。基于上述比较,本文认为,理论上而言,预测市场是一种更有效率的预测工具。     

大跨空间结构的应用与发展

大跨空间钢结构是目前我国发展最快的结构形式,由于这种建筑从设计到施工都相当复杂,因此其发展状况是往往是代表一个国家建筑科技水平的重要标志之一,被誉为21世纪建筑领域的高科技。本文就几种空间结构的发展和前景进行了介绍,对这一领域的几个重要理论问题提出了一些看法。     

浅谈几种电力需求量的预测方法

根据多年从事电力负荷预测的经历和感受,重点介绍在电力需求预测中需电量预测的几种常用方法,并对这几种预测方法作了阐述,同时就如何做好电力需求预测工作提出建议。     

基于BP神经阂络的地震预测

地震预测是地理问题研究领域中的一个重要课题。由于引起地震的相关性因素很多,很难建立物理理论模型。神经网络在预测和构造未知对象模型方面具有独特的优势,因而在预测控制领域得到广泛的应用。本文探讨将BP神经网络应用到地震预测中的一种方法。     

论预测学的基本原则体系

预测学作为一门新兴的学科已在我国广泛兴起,并且在实践中越来越显示出其不可争议的作用。但是另一方面,尽管人类的预测活动有着悠久的历史,长期以来人们却忽视了对预测经验的总结和理论升华。可以说,直到现在预测学的理论基础仍是相当薄弱的,特别是在西方国家,大都是从实用性的角度讨论预测问题,只重视预测方法与技巧的推导,而无视预     

Interior point penalty functions for constrained minimization

A family of interior point penalty methods for constrained minimization problems are presented and such properties as accuracy and stability of the methods are discussed. A numerical example illustrating the theoretical results is given. Finally some practical guidelines as to which penalty method to apply are presented.     

Assigning appropriate weights for the linear combination data fusion method in information retrieval

In data fusion, the linear combination method is a very flexible method since different weights can be assigned to different systems. However, it remains an open question which weighting schema should be used. In some previous investigations and experiments, a simple weighting schema was used: for a system, its weight is assigned as its average performance over a group of training queries. However, it is not clear if this weighting schema is good or not. In some other investigations, different numerical optimisation methods were used to search for appropriate weights for the component systems. One major problem with those numerical optimisation methods is their low efficiency. It might not be feasible to use them in some situations, for example in some dynamic environments, system weights need to be updated from time to time for reasonably good performance. In this paper, we investigate the weighting issue by extensive experiments. The key point is to try to find the relation between performances of component systems and their corresponding weights which can lead to good fusion performance. We demonstrate that a series of power functions of average performance, which can be implemented as efficiently as the simple weighting schema, is more effective than the simple weighting schema for the linear data fusion method. Some other features of the power function weighting schema and the linear combination method are also investigated. The observations obtained from this study can be used directly in fusion applications of component retrieval results. The observations are also very useful for optimisation methods to choose better starting points and therefore to obtain more effective weights more quickly.     

几种经济差分算法的混合应用试验

本文在显式完全平方守恒差分格式的基础上，首先简述几种经济差分算法。其中包括：泰勒展开法、原始分解算法、区域“扣除──补偿”法以及自动调节步长法。然后将这几种计算方法混合应用于球面正压原始方程对四波的Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ－Ｈａｕ－ｒｗｉｔｚ波进行计算试验，得出一些具有启发性的结论。     

A collocation method using Hermite polynomials for approximate solution of pantograph equations

In this paper, a numerical method based on polynomial approximation, using Hermite polynomial basis, to obtain the approximate solution of generalized pantograph equations with variable coefficients is presented. The technique we have used is an improved collocation method. Some numerical examples, which consist of initial conditions, are given to illustrate the reality and efficiency of the method. In addition, some numerical examples are presented to show the properties of the given method; the present method has been compared with other methods and the results are discussed.     

An analytical technique to find approximate solutions of nonlinear damped oscillatory systems

Combining Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii (KBM) and harmonic balance methods, an analytical technique is presented to determine approximate solutions of nonlinear oscillatory systems with damping. The first approximate perturbation solutions in which the unperturbed solutions contain two harmonic terms agree with numerical solutions nicely even if the damping force is significant. With suitable examples it has been shown that the combination of classical KBM and harmonic balance methods sometimes fails to measure satisfactory results; but the combination of extended KBM method (by Popov) and harmonic balance method always give the desired results. The method is illustrated by several examples and the solutions are compared to some existing solutions.     

水资源量可再生性的量化方法

水资源可再生性研究将为水资源可持续利用提供如何确定控制阈值的科学依据。目前，水资源可再生性的量化研究刚刚开始，现有的一些方法还都比较简单，不利于从水文循环更深层次上揭示水资源量可再生性。该文从单元水体的水文循环过程入手，基于水量平衡关系，提出单元水体水资源量可再生性指数及计算公式。最后，结合分布式水文模型，将所提出的量化指数应用于马连河流域，分析其水资源量可再生能力大小及时空分布规律。     

试论确定智力资本价值的折现率

智力资本价值的确定有助于确定公司价值,而公司价值的确定有助于实现社会资源的有效配置,提高整个社会资源的利用效率。确定智力资本价值的一种重要方法是折现法,这种方法的运用需要先确定折现率。目前确定折现率的方法有的存在着一些不合逻辑之处,有的无法计算其中的一些重要参数。本文提出通过若干年经济增加值计算智力资本折现率的新方法。     

基于主成分的BP人工神经网络期刊评价——以人文社科期刊为例

【目的/意义】期刊评价的方法繁多且复杂,无法分辨其中的好坏,对于方法的效果也是难以锚定,使得期刊评价存在一定的模糊性和不确定性。【方法/过程】本文在主成分分析方法的基础上,提出了一种新的期刊评价方法——主成分-BP人工神经网络法,以《中国学术期刊影响因子年报（人文社会科学）》（2021年）的585种综合性人文社科期刊作为评价对象,将评价结果同权威期刊评价结果进行对比,再对评价方法进行分析。【结果/结论】研究结果表明：主成分-BP人工神经网络方法同部分传统方法相比结果更加精准;主成分-BP人工神经网络方法对评价对象要求较高;为其他领域期刊评价以及评价方法提供一定的借鉴思路。【创新/局限】本文仅以人文社科期刊为例,范围有一定的局限性,今后应进一步扩大研究主体范围并尝试将这种方法用于其它领域的评价。     

Fabric defect inspection based on isotropic lattice segmentation

Automated visual inspection of fabric defects is a challenge due to the diversity of the fabric patterns and defects. Although there are many automated inspection methods of identifying fabric defects, most methods process images containing the fabric patterns classified as the crystallographic group p1 and implicitly assume the fabric patterns are arranged in fixed directions. This paper proposes an automated defect inspection method which calibrates the fabric image and then segments the image into none-overlapped sub-images which are called lattices. Thus, the image is represented by hundreds of lattices sharing some common features instead of millions of unrelated pixels. The defect inspection problem is transformed to comparing the lattice similarity based on the shared features and identifying the defective lattices as the outliers in the feature space. The performance of the proposed method ILS (Isotropic Lattice Segmentation) is evaluated on the databases of images containing fabric patterns arranged orthogonally and arbitrarily. By comparing the resultant images with ground-truth images, an overall detection rate of 0.955 is achieved, which is comparable with the state-of-the-art methods.     

国际工程项目管理中的争端解决方式

随着国际工程的飞速发展,国际工程中的争端也越来越频繁,争端处理成为国际工程的一个重点。本文介绍了国际工程主要的几种争端解决方式,并着重分析了在国际工程中得到广泛应用的国际咨询工程师联合会的新版的合同条件所提出的DAB方式。并借鉴DAB/DRB方式解决争端的机制,提出了完善我国建设工程争端解决方式的一些建议和措施,以适应我国加入WTO带来的国际挑战。