任意阶泛函微分方程解的振动性

本文研究泛函微分方程 x~((n))(t)+σsum from i=1 to m(pi(t)f_i(x(t),x(g_i(t))))+δq(t)f(x(t),x(h(t)))=r(t)(其中σ=±1,δ=±1,σ=0,δ=0)解的振动性,所得结果包含和改进、推广了T.M.Abu-Kaff和R.S.Dahiya,G.Ladds,燕居让等的有关工作.     

John Falk and Lynn Dierking: building the field of informal/free-choice science education

This article establishes the importance of “context”, a concept that underpins the academic contributions that John Falk and Lynn Dierking have made in building the field of informal/free-choice learning in science education. I consider, in turn, the individual contributions made by each of them prior to their seminal co-authored work, entitled The Museum Experience. I then document their joint contributions to the field, pointing out that although their interests and skills overlap in complementary ways to produce their jointly authored works, both have continued to make their individual contributions; Falk in his work on identity and impact, and Dierking in her work on community, youth, family and equity. Finally I come to the present, describing how they each continue their research and publication in lifelong, life-wide, and life-deep learning, with a particular focus on free-choice learning and the role it can play in addressing critical issues in the world.     

The relationship between students’ small group activities,time spent on self-study,and achievement

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the contributions students make to the problem-based tutorial group process as observed by their peers, self-study time and achievement. To that end, the Maastricht Peer Activity Rating Scale was administered to students participating in Problem-Based Learning tutorial groups. With this rating scale students had to rate the constructive, collaborative and motivational activities of their peers within the tutorial group. In addition, time spent on self-study was measured with a self-estimation method and achievement was measured with a unit test and a group assignment. A causal model of these variables was developed, in which the three types of activities were assumed to affect time spent on self-study, which would in turn affect unit test scores and group assignment scores. A structural equation modeling analysis indicated acceptable model fit. Especially apparent was the evidence for the causal relations between a student’s constructive activities and his/her unit test score and between a student’s collaborative activities and the group assignment score. On the other hand, time spent on self-study was not affected by the students’ contributions, nor did it have an effect on the unit test score. These results suggest that there are indeed causal relations between a student’s contributions to the tutorial group process and achievement.     

Making a Difference: Using peers to assess individual students' contributions to a group project

Overcoming the potential dilemma of awarding the same grade to a group of students for group work assignments, regardless of the contribution made by each group member, is a problem facing teachers who ask their students to work collaboratively together on assessed group tasks. In this paper, we report on the procedures to factor in the contributions of individual group members engaged in an integrated group project using peer assessment procedures. Our findings demonstrate that the method we used resulted in a substantially wider spread of marks being given to individual students. Almost every student was awarded a numerical score which was higher or lower than a simple group project mark would have been. When these numerical scores were converted into the final letter grades, approximately one-third of the students received a grade for the group project that was different from the grade that they would have received if the same grade had been awarded to all group members. Based on these preliminary findings we conclude that peer assessment can be usefully and meaningfully employed to factor individual contributions into the grades awarded to students engaged in collaborative group work.     

The Well-Played Game: Notes Toward an Aesthetics of Sport

Accomplished philosophical accounts of sport's sociopolitical purpose have aimed at a critical analysis of the political dimensions of sport. Such accounts have tended either to condemn or to promote variously existing or hoped-for political ideologies with respect to sport; most significantly, ideologies of a capitalist, neo-Marxist, or “mainstream” socialist (Marxist) sort. Only the Marxist accounts, however, have succeeded in recognizing both the inherently playful (the essentially free) nature of sport and its sociopolitical status (its detemkate content). Neo-Marxist accounts have failed in the former respect, capitalist accounts in the latter. It is the purpose of this essay to give a synthetic interpretation of the philosophical groundwork of these judgments about modem socialist sport in terms of Hegel's ontological contributions to Marxist thought, in terms of what Marx made of these contributions in respect to humanity's social and political life, and in terms of the implications of Marxist thought for modem sporting activity.     

Situated Learning: What Ever Happened To Educational Psychology?

This paper attempts to explore the diminishing contributions of psychology in teacher preparation programs. Using situated learning as a basis for discussion, I have argued that a student may take a course in educational psychology and then subsequently discover that subsequent preparation may ignore those psychological caveats regarding the efficacy of proposed instructional methodology such as situated learning. These include cognition, group processes, and transfer of training. However, the presence of such concerns is not confined to situated learning specifically. It may be time for educators to reconsider psychological findings as necessary contributions to the efficacy of their proposals.     

华侨与侨乡的现代化历程——以泉州为例

华侨被公认在近代中国的现代化历程中有过卓越贡献,在侨乡泉州,这种贡献尤其明显,甚至是侨乡现代化的绝对主力。但是现代化的社会转型并不只是发展,近代中国在现代化中面临的困境在侨乡以特有的方式被缓和、消解,比如部分抵抗了近代国家政权的内卷化及保留了传统文化的权力网络。华侨对现代化的理解也与知识精英阶层有所不同,不宜对华侨对侨乡的现代化影响有想当然的过高估计。     

Forty years in the union: Incubating, supporting, and catalyzing socially just educational change

North American teacher unions’ positive contributions to educational change have historically flown under the radar of educational policy makers, a situation that has been reified by recent attacks on public sector unions. In this article, I draw on social movement theory and an institutional case study of a self described social justice union to analyze teacher unions’ unique contributions to educational improvement. The primary product of this analysis is a cyclical model of union-supported, teacher-initiated educational change that codifies 40 years of social justice activism incubated, supported and catalyzed by a Canadian teacher union.     

South African contributions to LGBTI education issues

ABSTRACT

South Africa stands out in the African region for its protection of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) rights. This article examines South Africa’s contributions to local policy for LGBTIs and to work on LGBTI issues in education policy and education rights progress internationally. It also considers broader South African contributions to the theorisation of gender and sexuality. Data derive from an analysis of 102 interviews with key informants participating in high-level global networking for LGBTI students’ rights, and documentary analysis showing how stakeholders characterise South African contributions to transnational LGBTI education work. Informants identified how such contributions have a strong human rights emphasis, furthering post-colonial resistance to simplistic gender and sexuality classification schema imposed via imperial colonising dynamics. While South African work in this area has also promoted and facilitated research, it has at times been limited by ambivalence from its leadership. The nation’s early adoption of constitutional rights, relationship rights and educational equity provisions as acts of decolonisation contribute valuable African LGBTI work examples to the region. Their success encourages further funding for South-South transnational LGBTI education work.     

留学归晋人员对民国时期山西工业建设的历史性贡献

留学归晋人员为民国时期山西工业的迅速崛起作出了重要贡献。 1.以所学专长为山西工业建设提供支持 ;2 .成为各工业部门的主要管理者并进行了卓有成效的管理工作。他们之所以能有这些贡献 ,其原因在于 :1.山西省的经济建设纲领为留学归晋人员施展抱负提供了机会。 2 .酬以勋位遂其福民之志 ,加以优赏解其生活之忧 ,使留学归晋人员能够全身心地投入工作。     

Tales of a Texas Cynic: Theodore O. Windt Remembered

In memory of Professor Ted Windt, this essay considers his significant contributions to rhetorical scholarship and pedagogy. It examines his unique contributions to our understandings of American presidential and protest rhetoric of the late 20th century, highlighting his application of Greek cynicism as explanatory schema for American protest rhetoric and then recounting Windt's framework for analyzing “crisis” rhetoric as appropriated by recent American presidents to advance their agendas. The essay then considers Windt's pedagogical perspectives and argues that Windt's teaching itself was acclaimed because it was rooted in the rhetorical and oratorical excellence. In conclusion, it is argued that Ted Windt was a unique and important rhetorical scholar and critic whose life and work provide lasting scholarly contributions and a robust model for achieving excellence in the college classroom.     

台湾同胞在祖国抗日战争中的重要贡献

台湾同胞为全国抗战胜利做出了重要贡献，主要表现在八个方面：广泛开展宣传教育活动；积极开展对敌工作；进行医疗和制药工作；制造战时急需物品．帮助恢复和发展生产；开展武装斗争；团结国际反法西斯力量一起抗日；发起台湾光复运动和参加收复台湾的准备工作；被强征到日军中的台籍士兵纷纷起义投诚，参加抗日。     

The Programme for International Student Assessment and Google: An analysis of online news in Italy

Media reporting of results from the survey conducted by the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) have led to far-reaching reforms in many countries. The study on which this article reports analysed how media has responded to the survey results in the national context of Italy. Governments have been suggested to either accept, refuse or renegotiate survey results. Our research elaborated on how information on PISA results were conveyed by searches on the internet search engine Google. A review of 353 contributions published on 127 different online news portals in the period between 2006 and 2018 was analysed, with focus specifically on political communication. An exploratory documentary analysis, using quantitative and qualitative analyses, was conducted for identifying the most recurrent themes. News from four online news portals that recorded the highest number of contributions is analysed in depth, namely: Corriere della Sera, Il Sole 24 Ore, La Repubblica, and Orizzonte Scuola. Our analysis suggests that the message about PISA results transmitted by the media was neither rejected nor renegotiated in news, nor by those who contribute to political debates. Nor can the message be understood as accepted since a well-informed active process of public debate in the media and among the political decision makers has not taken place.     

The Relations Between Children’s Reading Comprehension, Working Memory, Language Skills and Components of Reading Decoding in a Normal Sample

The primary aim of the current study was to identify the strongest independent predictors of reading comprehension using word reading, language and memory variables in a normal sample of 180 children in grades 3–5, with a range of word reading skills. It was hypothesized that orthographic processing, receptive vocabulary and verbal working memory would all make independent contributions to reading comprehension. The contributions of reading speed, receptive grammatical skills, exposure to print, visuospatial working memory and verbal learning and retrieval (a measure of longer-term retention) were also investigated. Working memory tasks that required the processing and storage of numerical and spatial material were used. One of the numerical working memory tasks was based on the number span task developed by Yuill, Oakhill, and Parkin British Journal of Psychology, 1989, 80, 351–361. A visuospatial equivalent of that task was developed from the forward Corsi block task [Corsi, Abstracts International, 1973, 34, 891]. The results revealed that, after controlling for age and general intellectual ability, the word reading and the language variables had a much stronger relation with reading comprehension than the memory variables. The strongest independent predictor of reading comprehension was orthographic processing since it captured variance in both word reading, language skills and verbal working memory. The forward Corsi task and performance on a measure of verbal learning and retrieval each made small independent contributions to reading comprehension but the contribution of verbal working memory was not significant. It was concluded that tasks measuring the interplay between short-term and long-term memory, in which new information is combined with information already stored in long-term memory, may better predict reading comprehension measured with the text available than working memory tasks which only have a short-term memory component.     

Parental contributions,school‐level finances and decentralization: an analysis of Nicaraguan autonomous school budgets

The Nicaraguan Autonomous School Programme is notable among the growing number of school governance decentralization reforms in the Americas in the degree of control given to parents, especially in decisions regarding the allocation of school resources. Much of schools’ discretionary spending was accumulated through various school charges. This paper analyses rare school‐level budget data to determine the proportion of resources that derived from parental contributions and other school‐based commercial activity. We find the contributions to be significant, highly varied, and correlated with income. The results have implications for many decentralization reforms that encourage local contributions as part of both their financing and accountability strategies.     

MATHEMATICS EDUCATION VALUES QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TURKISH PRESERVICE MATHEMATICS TEACHERS: DESIGN, VALIDATION, AND RESULTS

The purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire that could measure preservice mathematics teachers' mathematics educational values. Development and validation of the questionnaire involved a sequential inquiry in which design principles were established from the existing literature and a pool of items was constructed then submitted to experts for consideration of the construct validity. Alterations to the items based on their suggestions were made to produce a trial version of the questionnaire. A pilot study involving preservice mathematics teachers explored the validity and usefulness of the questionnaire. The pilot results were used to revise the questionnaire that was administered to a sample of preservice mathematics teachers attending Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey. Further explorations of the construct and structural validity, item contributions, and reliability were achieved by using a factor analysis and two different item analysis methods. Results revealed that the questionnaire included four factors, satisfactory item contributions, and acceptable internal consistency. One result obtained in this study suggested that some mathematics education values based on Western culture (e.g., accessibility–special) have not been accepted by Turkish preservice mathematics teachers.     

中国近代教会大学农业教育述论

教会大学为中国近代农业教育做出了重要贡献。农学是教会大学中除了医学以外的一门重点学科。近代中国开办农科的教会大学典型当属金陵大学和岭南大学。教会大学农学教育,不但为我们引进了教学、科研、推广三位一体的农业教育模式,为近代中国培养了一批农业科技人才,而且其院系后来也成为新中国农业教育的重要组成部分。教会大学农业教育注重理论、实践、实际三结合,注重敬业奉献与艰苦奋斗精神的培养,积极开展与国内外机构交流与合作,对我们今天办好农业教育颇有启示。     

Children's play: Piaget's views reconsidered

Piaget's theoretical contributions to the study of children's play are described. The Piagetian notions of play as representing pure assimilation and as serving a consolidative function are examined. Contemporary research in which these and other Piagetian premises have been studied empirically is reviewed.     

Cognitive Load Theory: Advances in Research on Worked Examples, Animations, and Cognitive Load Measurement

The contributions to this special issue document some recent advances of cognitive load theory, and are based on contributions to the Third International Cognitive Load Theory Conference (2009), Heerlen, The Netherlands. The contributions focus on developments in example-based learning, amongst others on the effects of integrating worked examples in cognitive tutoring systems; specify the effects of transience on cognitive load and why segmentation may help counteract these effects in terms of the role of time in working memory load; and discuss the possibilities offered by electroencephalography (EEG) to provide a continuous and objective measure of cognitive load. This article provides a short introduction to the contributions in this issue.