性侵害受害儿童的心理病理学研究

性侵害会对儿童的身心发展产生不良影响。本文介绍了儿童性侵害的定义、儿童性侵害的流行率与发生率、性侵害受害儿童的心理病理学研究。在此基础上,提出了今后的研究方向。     

儿童性虐待认定及其存在的问题

儿童性虐待已经成为世界范围内的公共卫生问题,各国对儿童性虐待的流行学调查显示一致的高流行率及某些共同的特点,儿童性虐待由于具有特殊的创伤特征以及虐待形式的多样化而存在认定困难。建立专业的儿童性虐待评估机构是减少受虐儿童反复受到伤害,降低其创伤后障碍风险的有效途径。性科学教育及普法教育是提高人们自我保护和保护他人意识的关键,学校是性教育的主要场所,同时需建立家庭、学校、社会三位一体的安全责任体系。     

Concealment of Child Sexual Abuse in Sports

Researchers and theorists offer a strong base of research in physical activity for high risk groups, particularly sedentary children, adults, and the elderly. Little research examines the lifelong healthy movement behaviors of former competitive athletes. This paper raises some important questions relevant to this population, in particular the disturbing, yet limited research pointing to a serious failure of former competitive athletes to necessarily live longer, healthier, and more physically active lives. The scarce research that seems to highlight this neglected problem is outlined and hypotheses that may contribute to this phenomenon are offered and categorized in the following three sections: atypical physical behaviors found in the sporting realm, utilitarian uses of physical activity, and the long-term consequences of athletic identity. Suggestions are offered to direct future research and to implement practical intervention strategies and educational programs.     

Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Education: A Qualitative Study of Teachers’ Experiences Implementing the Second Step Child Protection Unit

Abstract

This study explored teachers’ reactions to implementing a Pre-K-Grade 5 school-based child sexual abuse prevention education program. Fifty-seven classroom teachers and two school counselors attended one of nine focus groups conducted after the implementation of the Committee for Children’s Second Step Child Protection Unit. Teachers discussed their feelings about teaching the unit before and after implementation, their students’ reactions to the lessons, and parental feedback. Initially, teachers were anxious and apprehensive about teaching the six-lesson curriculum but found the experience to be positive and rewarding. Students engaged enthusiastically with the lessons, and parental pushback was minimal. Challenges and recommendations for implementing teacher-led personal safety education are discussed.     

“性侵儿童”犯罪的危害及防范对策

性侵儿童犯罪是一种极为恶劣的犯罪行为,近年来,性侵儿童案件呈现高发特点。性侵儿童会对受害儿童个人及家庭造成极大伤害,进而对社会产生一系列负面影响。从受害儿童的生理、心理以及以受害家庭伤害程度为切入点,分析性侵儿童案件发生的原因,能够间接了解侵害者行为人与被侵害者两方面的特点,从而找出有效防范性侵儿童的办法,为多方面控制此类案件的发生制定相应的对策,以期对我国防范性侵儿童犯罪有所裨益。     

The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse

The Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse is the largest royal commission in Australia’s history and one of the largest public inquiries into institutional child abuse internationally. With an investment from the Australian government of half a billion dollars, it examined how institutions with a responsibility for children, both historically and in the present, have responded to allegations of child sexual abuse. Announced in the wake of previous Australian and international inquiries, public scandals and lobbying by survivor groups, its establishment reflected increasing recognition of the often lifelong and intergenerational damage caused by childhood sexual abuse and a strong political commitment to improving child safety and wellbeing in Australia. This article outlines the background, key features and innovations of this landmark public inquiry, focusing in particular on its extensive research program. It considers its international significance and also serves as an introduction to this special edition on the Australian Royal Commission, exploring its implications for better understanding institutional child sexual abuse and its impacts, and for making institutions safer places for children in the future.     

Attributions of Blame and Credibility in a Hypothetical Child Sexual Abuse Case: Roles of victim disability,victim resistance and respondent gender

This study examines the effects victim disability (physical vs. intellectual vs. none), victim resistance (physical vs. verbal vs. none) and respondent gender (male vs. female) have on attributions of blame and credibility in a hypothetical case of child sexual abuse. Three hundred and thirty‐five respondents read a fictional police statement regarding the sexual assault of a 12‐year‐old girl by a 23‐year‐old man before completing 28 attribution items. Principal axis factoring revealed six reliable factors. Subsequent multivariate analysis of covariance—controlling for respondents’ general attitude towards disability—revealed that males deemed the victim more culpable for her own abuse than did females. Further, perpetrators were deemed more culpable when the victim physically (vs. verbally) resisted. Finally, a significant three‐way interaction suggests victim resistance influences attributions of perpetrator blame given a victim’s disability status, at least amongst male observers. Implications and proposals for future research are discussed.     

International Children's Literature

Discusses the definition and contributions of international children's literature. Presents an overview of the International Board on Books for Young Children (IBBY), the Hans Christian Andersen Award and 2004 nominees, and the International Children's Digital Library (ICDL). Includes recommendations and summaries of 12 books.     

由“虐童”事件引发的思考

近期在媒体上曝出许多幼儿园幼教虐待儿童的事件,这些事件深深震慑着我们的心灵,我们在气愤、悲痛的同时,应该认真反思一下我国学前教育存在的问题,采取积极有效的措施,使学前教育不断完善。     

Child psychiatrists' view of father-daughter incest

Mental health clinicians, charged with treating a growing number of incestuous daughters, have little empirical data on which to base their clinical judgments. The present study explored the hypotheses of child psychiatrists on the impact of incest. The results suggest that these clinicians view incest as almost always causing serious psychological disorder. While there appears to be little agreement on the nature of acute sequela, disturbed heterosexual functioning was frequently cited as a long-term consequence. In addition, the results suggest that psychiatrists consider factors related to the make-up of the incestuous family, and not the actual sexual behavior, as most pathogenic. The implications of the present results for future research are discussed.     

性詈语之多元解析

从九十年代初至今,詈语研究成果颇丰,然而大多数研究者都是对“詈语”进行宏观研究,却少有针对詈语家族中的重要成员——“性詈语”——进行专门研究.从人格心理学,禁忌文化和语言变异三个方面来探讨性詈语,进而揭示性詈语的产生机制,内在驱动力及演变发展规律.     

论辽宁儿童文学作家群创作中的游戏精神

游戏精神是儿童文学的基本美学要素之一,它在儿童文学中占据着举足轻重的地位。综合来看,游戏精神的内涵可归纳为三点：快乐原则、幻想原则、自由原则。这三大原则在辽宁儿童文学作家群的创作中表现非常明显,并且在三者的相辅相成中,建构了一个个极具艺术感染力和审美吸引力的儿童文学世界,为儿童撑起一片真正属于他们自己的天空。     

Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) Students' Prior Sexual Abuse Victimization

This paper reports findings of an exploratory study surveying 61 students about their prior child sexual abuse victimization. Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) students were surveyed at the beginning and end of a child abuse course and results indicated that 19.7 % of the students reported being sexually abused during childhood. Results also indicated that taking a child abuse course may increase BSW students' self‐awareness regarding prior victimization. The paper discusses how prior child sexual abuse victimization can affect social work students, education, and practice.     

《儿童文学》实践教学的几点思考

对于高校《儿童文学》这门课程来说,有效的实践教学环节对于提高该课程的整体教学效果有着不可替代的作用。文章在对高校《儿童文学》课程实践教学中存在的问题进行浅析的基础上探讨了怎样提高《儿童文学》实践教学质量的具体措施。     

清末民初儿童文学作品翻译与中国现代儿童文学

中国现代儿童文学的发生与清末民初外国儿童文学作品的翻译是紧密联系在一起的。外国儿童文学作品的大量译介,启发与影响了中国现代作家的儿童观的生成,有力地促进了中国现代儿童文学的发展。     

大众传媒时代的儿童文学

本文对大众传媒时代的儿童文学进行了考察和分析。一方面,儿童文学面临着大众传媒对儿童和文学的双重消解。另一方面,社会生活方式,儿童审美趣味和心理特征,以及阅读媒介的种种改变,也为儿童文学的发展和提升造就了新的机遇。     

用幼儿文学培养学前教育专业学生的审美感受力

幼儿文学特有的美学特质决定了鉴赏者应该具有较高的审美知识和审美修养,应有敏锐、细腻的感受力,方能真正进入幼儿文学生动多彩的世界。而审美感受力是个体审美能力的重要组成部分,贯穿于审美活动的始终。教师要紧扣幼儿文学的美学特质,用生动活泼、行之有效的课堂教学,培养学前教育专业学生的审美感受力和个体审美能力。     

新时期消费文化语境下中国原创儿童文学发展困境研究

在当前消费文化语境下,原创儿童文学的发展受到了极大的负面影响。首先,儿童文学读者追求的是一种快餐式的,肤浅、庸俗,充满了感官刺激的享乐式阅读;其次,儿童文学被纳入文化产业、娱乐经济的轨道,被迅速而无情地推向市场,儿童文学的创作者、出版商在创作中难免不为市场的利益所驱动与左右,儿童文学的自律性被市场的他律性所取代,片面追求市场效益,忽略社会效益。     

Into the Fire: Using Therapeutic Enactments to Bridge Early Traumatic Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse

While traditional forms of therapy focus heavily on a survivor's ability to tell his or her story, the very nature of traumatic memory can present a challenge since survivors of trauma often struggle to find the verbal language to describe the terrifying events that have occurred. In verbal therapies, survivors of childhood sexual abuse can be left in a state of re-experiencing the past as they face the overwhelming task of trying to find words for something that is often wordless. Researchers have identified the need to “bridge” the non-verbal and the verbal in trauma therapy. The purpose of this research is to examine the lived experience of using therapeutic enactment as a tool to address the fragmented and wordless memories of childhood sexual abuse. Using a case study research design, four women shared their stories of participating in a therapeutic enactment to address memories of their abuse. From these stories, four dominant themes emerged. These themes (re-connection to self and others, reclaiming voice, empowerment, and corrective re-experiencing) indicate an overall positive and reparative experience.