素质教育思想观念与高校体育

采用文献综述和分析法，针对高等教育培养人才，实施素质教育的思想观念，分析了素质及素质教育的基本内涵，探析了体育与素质，高等学校体育与素质教育接轨，素质教育与创新教育以及高等学校体育实施素质教育应突出创新素质的培养等问题，以此作为面向21世纪我国普通高等学校体育课程教材改革与构建研究的理论依据之一。     

高校体育改革与素质教育

阐述了高校体育与大学生素质教育的关系。针对高校体育与素质教育不相适应的现状，提出了高校体育适应素质教育的改革思路。即树立素质教育的思想，改革高校体育课程，营造校园体育化氛围，建设高素质的体育师资队伍。     

论武术在学校素质教育中的作用与贯彻途径

以素质教育为切入点，论述了武术与素质教育的关系，以及中华武术在陶冶情操，磨练意志，增强体质，发展智力，提高化素养等方面的特殊功能和武术在学校素质教育中不可缺的地位。同时阐述了武术在学校素质教育中的3条贯彻途径。     

浅谈素质教育中如何发挥体育教育的作用

素质教育是今天我们经常讨论的话题，在素质教育的实施中体育将发挥着怎样的作用，这是教育界同仁们常忽视的问题，笔就素质教育与体育的关系，具体阐述在素质教育中体育所起的作用。     

素质教育融人体育课堂的探索

素质教育是当前教育改革的一项重要举措，本文阐述了体育教育与素质教育之间的关系，以及体育教育在素质教育中的地位、作用，探索素质教育在体育课堂教学中的实施手段和方法。     

优化中小学素质教育实践基地运行为素质教育服务

随着素质教育的推进，各种类型的“素质教育实践基地”先后建立起来，并且发展较快，通过实践基地的建设与运行，从推进素质教育与教学改革的需求来看，还存在着一定差距。从实践基地目标出发，通过探讨项目建设、硬件建设、师资建设、科学研究等，期望对素质教育实践基地工作有一定的参考价值。     

面对加入WTO体育人才的培养与素质教育

面对加入WTO对体育人才的培养与素质教育提出了新的要求，需要培养创新人才，复合型人才、开放型人才、学习型人才。在体育人才的培养与素质教育方面，应注重创新素质教育，道德素质教育等。     

在高校体育教学训练中实施素质教育的几点对策

体育素质教育是素质教育的重要组成部分，其目的是全面提高学生的体育素质和身体素质，促进学生身心健康成长，以社会育人为根本目的，以体育理论知识与实践为其主要手段，促进学生身体素质全面发展的教育过程。当前，在高校教学工中应试教育占了过多比例，素质教育内容过少，因而加强体育素质教育是一项紧迫而又重要的作用，本试图通过对高校素质教育的研究，为搞好高校体育素质教育提供理论依据和实践指导。     

高校素质教育与大学生终身健身意识的培养

通过对素质教育的涵义、终身健身意识的涵义、学校体育与素质教育的关系论述了素质教育在高校体育教育中的地位，分析了高校大学生体育锻炼的现状和存在的问题，探讨了实施素质教育与大学生终身健身意识培养的途径、方法和重要性。     

素质教育融入普通高校校园体育文化的探讨

实施素质教育是面向21世纪我国教育体制改革的整体目标。本文阐述了普通高校校园体育文化与素质教育的关系，以及普通高校校园体育文化在素质教育中的育人作用，提出素质教育融入普通高校校园体育文化的创新思路。     

Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery

An important goal of the athlete's everyday diet is to provide the muscle with substrates to fuel the training programme that will achieve optimal adaptation for performance enhancements. In reviewing the scientific literature on post-exercise glycogen storage since 1991, the following guidelines for the training diet are proposed. Athletes should aim to achieve carbohydrate intakes to meet the fuel requirements of their training programme and to optimize restoration of muscle glycogen stores between workouts. General recommendations can be provided, preferably in terms of grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of the athlete's body mass, but should be fine-tuned with individual consideration of total energy needs, specific training needs and feedback from training performance. It is valuable to choose nutrient-rich carbohydrate foods and to add other foods to recovery meals and snacks to provide a good source of protein and other nutrients. These nutrients may assist in other recovery processes and, in the case of protein, may promote additional glycogen recovery when carbohydrate intake is suboptimal or when frequent snacking is not possible. When the period between exercise sessions is <8?h, the athlete should begin carbohydrate intake as soon as practical after the first workout to maximize the effective recovery time between sessions. There may be some advantages in meeting carbohydrate intake targets as a series of snacks during the early recovery phase, but during longer recovery periods (24?h) the athlete should organize the pattern and timing of carbohydrate-rich meals and snacks according to what is practical and comfortable for their individual situation. Carbohydrate-rich foods with a moderate to high glycaemic index provide a readily available source of carbohydrate for muscle glycogen synthesis, and should be the major carbohydrate choices in recovery meals. Although there is new interest in the recovery of intramuscular triglyceride stores between training sessions, there is no evidence that diets which are high in fat and restricted in carbohydrate enhance training.     

体育、运动、休闲之概念与内涵——台湾地区之应用和诠释

采用文献资料法,从体育、运动和休闲等视角,对台湾地区休闲运动的概念表达和使用状况进行研究.发现:台湾地区的体育、运动和休闲概念的标识和使用经历着变化发展的过程.在今后的台湾地区相关概念使用中将延续如下发展趋势:行政机构和中小学用体育涵盖运动休闲;大学和学术研究中将运动、休闲和体育进行区分;新闻媒体和产业则偏向用休闲、运动取代体育.     

Sport and exercise psychology research and Olympic success: An analytical and correlational investigation

Abstract

The aim of the current inquiry was to identify the national origin of scholars who lead the work in the area of Sport and Exercise Psychology, and to examine whether their research output is connected to the Olympic success of their national athletes. Consequently, the two specialised journals with the highest impact factors in this field were examined for the origin of publications throughout 11 years for authors' national affiliations. Subsequently, the link between national research output and Olympic medals was examined. The results revealed that over 50% of the publications originate from Canada, the UK and the USA. National research output in Sport and Exercise Psychology was correlated with the number of Olympic medals; the proportion of shared variance was 42% and 57%, respectively, in the two journals. Nevertheless, it is posited that the observed link is primarily due to other factors that ought to be examined in future research.     

高校武术教学与改革的调查研究

围绕高校武术教学的现状和改革,对河南省18所高校的1 336名学生和25名武术教师分别进行了问卷和走访调查。结果显示,武术是高校学生很感兴趣的教学项目,我们对此并没有重视,存在教学器材匮乏、教学内容陈旧等问题。其改革应从转变观念、改善课程结构、精选教材等方面进行。     

对高校田径教学现状的思考及改革设想

就当前普通高校田径教学中存在的问题进行分析研究,并提出了对田径课程教学改革的设想.高校田径教学要采用多种方法和手段,全面提高教师素质,完善田径教材自身的科学性和完整性,激励学生加入到田径运动中来,使田径课教学在健身教育中发挥更大作用.     

Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery

An important goal of the athlete's everyday diet is to provide the muscle with substrates to fuel the training programme that will achieve optimal adaptation for performance enhancements. In reviewing the scientific literature on post-exercise glycogen storage since 1991, the following guidelines for the training diet are proposed. Athletes should aim to achieve carbohydrate intakes to meet the fuel requirements of their training programme and to optimize restoration of muscle glycogen stores between workouts. General recommendations can be provided, preferably in terms of grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of the athlete's body mass, but should be fine-tuned with individual consideration of total energy needs, specific training needs and feedback from training performance. It is valuable to choose nutrient-rich carbohydrate foods and to add other foods to recovery meals and snacks to provide a good source of protein and other nutrients. These nutrients may assist in other recovery processes and, in the case of protein, may promote additional glycogen recovery when carbohydrate intake is suboptimal or when frequent snacking is not possible. When the period between exercise sessions is < 8 h, the athlete should begin carbohydrate intake as soon as practical after the first workout to maximize the effective recovery time between sessions. There may be some advantages in meeting carbohydrate intake targets as a series of snacks during the early recovery phase, but during longer recovery periods (24 h) the athlete should organize the pattern and timing of carbohydrate-rich meals and snacks according to what is practical and comfortable for their individual situation. Carbohydrate-rich foods with a moderate to high glycaemic index provide a readily available source of carbohydrate for muscle glycogen synthesis, and should be the major carbohydrate choices in recovery meals. Although there is new interest in the recovery of intramuscular triglyceride stores between training sessions, there is no evidence that diets which are high in fat and restricted in carbohydrate enhance training.     

Intra- and inter-session reliability of vertical jump performance in healthy middle-aged and older men and women

Abstract

Despite its widespread use in performance assessment, the reliability of vertical jump in an ageing population has not been addressed properly. The aim of the present study was to assess intra- and inter-day reliability of countermovement jump in healthy middle-aged (55–65 years) and older (66–75 years) men and women. Eighty-two participants were recruited and asked to perform countermovement jumps on two different occasions interspersed by 4 weeks. The middle-aged groups exhibited excellent absolute reliability for flight height, jump height, peak force, peak power, peak force/body mass, and peak power/body mass, with coefficients of variation ranging from 2.9% to 7.2% in men and from 3.6% to 6.9% in women and moderate-to-high intraclass correlations (0.75 to 0.97 in men; 0.77 to 0.95 in women). The older groups displayed good coefficients of variation (4.2% to 10.8% in men and 3.4% to 9.5% in women), but the intraclass correlations were low-to-high (0.43 to 0.84 in men; 0.42 to 0.93 in women). Overall, intra-session reliability was higher than inter-session reliability. Peak power was by far the most consistent variable, whereas flight and jump height had the most marked variability. The minimum detectable change varied from 10.5% to 33%, depending on the variable examined, suggesting important implications for intervention studies.     

黔东南苗侗族节日与传统体育

黔东南苗侗族传统体育活动有的有几百年的历史,经久不衰,比如芦笙舞、斗牛,龙舟、侗族摔跤,经2009年和2010年两次全州广泛普查,苗乡侗寨有各类少数民族传统体育项目80多项（种）其中在民族节庆活动中一直延续的达50余项（种）。节日和传统体育活动似乎有着某种联系,黔东南苗侗族节日传承性如何,节日对苗侗族传统体育有何作用,带着这些疑问,探讨黔东南苗侗族节日和传统体育的关系,以期能够为黔东南苗侗族传统体育文化的保护与传承提理论支持。     

Gut microbiota and obesity:Impact of antibiotics and prebiotics and potential for musculoskeletal health

Obesity is a complex disease with multiple contributing factors.One of the most intensely studied factors during the past decade has been the gut microbiota,which is the community of all microbes in the intestinal tract.The gut microbiota,via energy extraction,inflammation,and other actions,is now recognized as an important player in the pathogenesis of obesity.Dysbiosis,or an imbalance in the microbial community,can initiate a cascade of metabolic disturbances in the host.Early life is a particularly important period for the development of the gut microbiota,and perturbations such as with antibiotic exposure can have long-lasting consequences for host health.In early life and throughout the life span,diet is one of the most important factors that shape the gut microbiota.Although diets high in fat and sugar have been shown to contribute to dysbiosis and disease,dietary fiber is recognized as an important fermentative fuel for the gut microbiota and results in the production of short-chain fatty acids that can act as signaling molecules in the host.One particular type of fiber,prebiotic fiber,contributes to changes in the gut microbiota,the most notable of which is an increase in the abundance of Bifidobacterium.This review highlights our current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in obesity development and the ways in which manipulating the microbiota through dietary means,specifically prebiotics,could contribute to improved health in the host,including musculo skeletal health.     

澳门的体育发展及其前景

1999年12月20日,澳门回归祖国。研究采用访谈和文献资料等研究方法,对澳门体育作较全面的分析。研究发现:在葡萄牙殖民统治下,长时期里澳门体育发展迟缓。20世纪80年代以来,澳门体育发展速度较快。体育发展逐渐受到当局和民众重视,大众体育活跃,竞技体育初露头角,场馆建设加快,对外交往增多。澳门体育存在的主要问题是体育人才短缺、体育科教薄弱等。澳门回归祖国及2005年东亚运动会的举办为澳门体育发展提供了良好的契机。