The implementation of a dictionary as an inverse structure for the information retrieval system in the VINITI RAN DBn

This article describes methods and tools for the implementation of a dictionary (inverse file) as an intrinsic element of an information-retrieval system that is designed for on-line user searches. The methods and tools for increasing the IRS efficiency as a whole and the dictionary in particular are described. The authors discuss the principles of the compilation of stop-word lists and algorithmic verification of vocabulary while generating a dictionary.     

Solar cells and nanotechnology: Bibliometric analysis of publications that are reflected in RZh Fizika VINITI RAN and the Web of Science database

Solar cells of the third generation (after the bulk and thin-film ones that are mainly based on inorganic semiconductors, mostly of silicon) use the leading technologies of the 21st century, including nanotechnologies based on nanomaterials, mainly based on nano-structured or ultrafine inorganic semiconductors, graphene, fullerenes, as well as polymers and low-molecular-weight organic semiconductors. This paper compares the results of an analysis of publications on solar cells, mainly nanostructured and nanoscale cells, that are reflected in the RZh Fizika VINITI RAN and included in the Web of Science database.     

The electronic publication of the VINITI “Results in science and technology”

Technology developed for the creation of a Russian language database and an electronic library allowed us to prepare a new electronic information product, that is, electronic, scientific, and technological analytic surveys. Currently, the electronic publications of the VINITI “Results in Science and Technology” in astronomy, physics, mathematics, and issues of the Smirnov Collection of the Moscow State University are published on DVD.     

试析图书馆回溯建库

分析图书馆回溯建库工作的条件、方法以及在回溯建库过程中所面临的问题和对策。     

区域性医学文献信息资源与服务平台特色数据库建设实践

提出了山西省医学专家数据库的设计目标,介绍了医学专家数据库的开发和运行环境,详述了医学专家数据库的用户功能和管理员功能2大系统功能模块,分析了其特色。     

图书馆参考咨询服务的发展与挑战

本文简要回顾了从传统参考咨询服务到虚拟参考咨询服务的发展过程，并介绍了当今主要的虚拟参考咨询的服务形式，指出了虚拟参考咨询服务发展所面临的挑战。     

浅谈怎样在物理教学中增强学生的科技意识

社会的进步,物理已渗入到人类生活的各个领域。在现代科技发展和科技教育中,增强学生的科技意识,提高学生对科学技术是第一生产力的认识,物理起着至关重要的作用。     

数字参考咨询服务的现状和未来发展

论文介绍了国内外数字参考咨询服务的研究现状，分析了数字参考咨询服务的特征，并对数参考咨询服务的发展提出了建议。     

Development and evaluation of evidence-based nursing (EBN) filters and related databases.

OBJECTIVES: Difficulties encountered in the retrieval of evidence-based nursing (EBN) literature and recognition of terminology, research focus, and design differences between evidence-based medicine and nursing led to the realization that nursing needs its own filter strategies for evidence-based practice. This article describes the development and evaluation of filters that facilitate evidence-based nursing searches. METHODS: An inductive, multistep methodology was employed. A sleep search strategy was developed for uniform application to all filters for filter development and evaluation purposes. An EBN matrix was next developed as a framework to illustrate conceptually the placement of nursing-sensitive filters along two axes: horizontally, an adapted nursing process, and vertically, levels of evidence. Nursing diagnosis, patient outcomes, and primary data filters were developed recursively. Through an interface with the PubMed search engine, the EBN matrix filters were inserted into a database that executes filter searches, retrieves citations, and stores and updates retrieved citations sets hourly. For evaluation purposes, the filters were subjected to sensitivity and specificity analyses and retrieval set comparisons. Once the evaluation was complete, hyperlinks providing access to any one or a combination of completed filters to the EBN matrix were created. Subject searches on any topic may be applied to the filters, which interface with PubMed. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity for the combined nursing diagnosis and primary data filter were 64% and 99%, respectively; for the patient outcomes filter, the results were 75% and 71%, respectively. Comparisons were made between the EBN matrix filters (nursing diagnosis and primary data) and PubMed's Clinical Queries (diagnosis and sensitivity) filters. Additional comparisons examined publication types and indexing differences. Review articles accounted for the majority of the publication type differences, because "review" was accepted by the CQ but was "NOT'd" by the EBN filter. Indexing comparisons revealed that although the term "nursing diagnosis" is in Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), the nursing diagnoses themselves (e.g., sleep deprivation, disturbed sleep pattern) are not indexed as nursing diagnoses. As a result, abstracts deemed to be appropriate nursing diagnosis by the EBN filter were not accepted by the CQ diagnosis filter. CONCLUSIONS: The EBN filter capture of desired articles may be enhanced by further refinement to achieve a greater degree of filter sensitivity. Retrieval set comparisons revealed publication type differences and indexing issues. The EBN matrix filter "NOT'd" out "review," while the CQ filter did not. Indexing issues were identified that explained the retrieval of articles deemed appropriate by the EBN filter matrix but not included in the CQ retrieval. These results have MeSH definition and indexing implications as well as implications for clinical decision support in nursing practice.     

从Scopus等国外著名二次文献数据库看SinoMed的发展

介绍了Scopus的检索功能及国外著名二次文献数据库和SinoMed的发展,提出了SinoMed的发展方向和策略。     

Data mining and the search for security: Challenges for connecting the dots and databases

Data mining is emerging as one of the key features of many homeland security initiatives. Often used as a means for detecting fraud, assessing risk, and product retailing, data mining involves the use of data analysis tools to discover previously unknown, valid patterns and relationships in large data sets. In the context of homeland security, data mining is often viewed as a potential means to identify terrorist activities, such as money transfers and communications, and to identify and track individual terrorists themselves, such as through travel and immigration records. However, compared to earlier uses of data mining by government, some of the homeland security data mining applications represent a significant expansion in the quantity and scope of data to be analyzed. Three of the higher profile initiatives include the now defunct Terrorism Information Awareness (TIA) project, the recently canceled Computer-Assisted Passenger Prescreening System II (CAPPS II), and the Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange (MATRIX) pilot project. This article examines the evolving nature of data mining for homeland security purposes, the limitations of data mining, and some of the issues raised by its expanding use, including data quality, interoperability, mission creep, and privacy.     

The role of handbooks in knowledge creation and diffusion: A case of science and technology studies

Genre is considered to be an important element in scholarly communication and in the practice of scientific disciplines. However, scientometric studies have typically focused on a single genre, the journal article. The goal of this study is to understand the role that handbooks play in knowledge creation and diffusion and their relationship with the genre of journal articles, particularly in highly interdisciplinary and emergent social science and humanities disciplines. To shed light on these questions we focused on handbooks and journal articles published over the last four decades belonging to the research area of science and technology studies (STS), broadly defined. To get a detailed picture we used the full-text of five handbooks (500,000 words) and a well-defined set of 11,700 STS articles. We confirmed the methodological split of STS into qualitative and quantitative (scientometric) approaches. Even when the two traditions explore similar topics (e.g., science and gender) they approach them from different starting points. The change in cognitive foci in both handbooks and articles partially reflects the changing trends in STS research, often driven by technology. Using text similarity measures we found that, in the case of STS, handbooks play no special role in either focusing the research efforts or marking their decline. In general, they do not represent the summaries of research directions that have emerged since the previous edition of the handbook.     

Trends in the use of ISI citation databases for evaluation

This paper explores the factors shaping the current uses of the ISI citation databases in evaluation both of journals and of individual scholars and their institutions. Given the intense focus on outcomes evaluation, in a context of increasing ‘democratization’ of metrics in today's digital world, it is easy to lose focus on the appropriate ways to use these resources, and misuse can result.     

Resources for research and learning: The databases of the Research Libraries Group

The Research Libraries Group, Inc., is a not-for-profit membership corporation dedicated to improving access to information for research and learning. To this end, RLG provides the Research Libraries Information Network database of bibliographic records, files of article citations and abstracts, and other specialized research data-bases, all of which are accessible worldwide via the Internet.     

Comparison of CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases for the nurse researcher

The purpose of this research was to determine which of three databases, CINAHL, EMBASE or MEDLINE, should be accessed when researching nursing topics. The three databases were searched for citations on topics selected by three nurse researchers and the results were compared. For the search of nursing care literature on a medical condition, it was helpful to search both CINAHL and MEDLINE. CINAHL provided the majority of relevant articles for the second search, on computers and privacy, but inclusion of MEDLINE and EMBASE enhanced retrieval somewhat. The search on substance abuse in pregnancy, not restricted to nursing literature, retrieved better results when searching both MEDLINE and EMBASE. Due to the nature and distribution of the nursing literature, it is especially important for the searcher to understand and respond to the focus of the researcher.     

The activities of VINITI RAS as a key organization of the Commonwealth of Independent States for the exchange of scientific and technological information

The activities of VINITI as a Key Organization of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) which is responsible for the interstate exchange of scientific and technical information are analyzed; major areas of the activities of the Key Organization are presented. One of the main priority areas is the participation, jointly with the National Centers for Scientific and Technological Information and the Interstate Coordination Council for Scientific and Technological Information, in the scientific information and analytical support of research activities and international programs and projects that are implemented by the CIS member states in the area of innovation.     

Real-time reference: the use of chat technology to improve point of need assistance

Chat reference refers to the use of instant messaging and call center software to support interactive text or voice communication with library patrons. Instant messaging has been integrated into many e-commerce environments, and into the social lives of many teenagers and young adults, affording a level of immediacy and intimacy not possible with e-mail applications. The convergence and interoperability of new and emerging technologies can be used to develop new communities of users that view libraries as being essential to their education, patient care, and research activities.     

On the methodological foundations for the creation of expert systems for practical psychology

The creation of expert systems (ESs) for psychodiagnostics is analyzed. “Developmental” ESs are proposed for the modeling of professional activity. Some foundations for building such ESs are formulated. The prototype of the “Psychodiagnosis” ES is described as an example.     

Title of the databases of legal information for use in social and humanitarian sciences

This article considers the legal information resources accessible over the Internet, as well as databases stored on optical media providing searchable legal information with various intended purposes. Features of the informational environment are described, as are the functions and thematic structure of the RAS ISISS databases, which are oriented towards providing informational support for scientific research in the fields of law and government. The general principles underlying the search and processing of legal information using the system’s linguistic methods are presented.