Semiautomatic determination of citation relevancy: A preliminary report

Technology transfer, research and development and engineering projects frequently require in-depth literature reviews. These reviews are carried out using computerized, bibliographic data bases. The review and/or searching process involves keywords selected from data base thesauri. The search strategy is formulated to provide both breadth and depth of coverage and yields both relevant and nonrelevant citations. Experience indicates that about 10–20% of the citations are relevant. As a consequence, significant amounts of time are required to eliminate the nonrelevant citations. This paper describes statistically based, lexical association methods which can be employed to determine citation relevance. In particular, the searcher selects relevant terms from citation-derived indexes and this information along with lexical statistics is used to determine citation relevance. Preliminary results are encouraging with the techniques providing an effective concentration of relevant citations.     

Data standardization in heterogeneous data bases through the use of data abstraction

Data bases containing inconsistent data may be reformatted using software tools based on data abstractions. In this study, heterogeneous bibliographic information from geographically distributed locations are integrated by using the message-object model to implement data abstraction methodologies. Classes are developed to define the data abstractions that correspond to the user's view of the data. The recognition of conceptually similar objects with dissimilar formats is accomplished by the methods associated with class abstraction. By this technique generic classes are developed that may be used to standardize and reformat a large class of bibliographic data base information.     

The impact of machine-readable data bases on library and information services

Library and information services already feel the impact of the burgeoning development in the field of bibliographic data bases, and this effect will increase in the future. This article explores the growth, origins, technological development, and current activities of bibliographic data bases and examines the NCLIS National Program relative to these aspects. The relationships between data base function, funding, and use are set forth in a discussion of data base producers. Discussions of data formats, data elements and file structure provide the groundwork for a closer look at the methods and purposes underlying the retrospective and current awareness search capabilities of existent data bases. A review of related data base and data base center characteristics highlights the discussion of retrospective and current awareness search functions and intermediary search services. In all data base activity the prime objective of making available information easily accessible to all who need it emerges as no small task, especially in light of the realities of scattered resources and unsteady funding. Data base networking and resource sharing constitute one means to the achievement of this ideal. The greatest potential of the NCLIS National Program lies in this direction, in its ability to promote and provide a framework for the coordination of data base-related activities and research in response to national needs.     

Local feedback and intelligent automatic query expansion

An iterative method for information retrieval is presented. It uses searchonyms found from the previously retrieved set of documents in query expansion. Only largest values of relation of resemblance between the query and the documents are used to form the feedback seed. From this top retrieved set of documents, most informative features are selected as searchonyms, which are subsequently used in query reformulation. Large operational bibliographic data bases are used to simulate the behavior of this method.     

Relation of resemblance in information retrieval

A method using the amount of semantic information of query terms as weight in a fuzzy relation of resemblance is presented. The relation can be used to partially order documents in decreasing order of resemblance with the query. Large operational bibliographic data bases are used to test the validity of the approach.     

Computerized personal information systems for research scientists

A personal information system is defined as a system for supporting the acquisition, storage and retrieval of information by individuals. For research scientists, such a system is centred around the storage and retrieval of bibliographic references. A survey of the literature, not only of computerized personal indexes, but also of the information needs of research, and the use of information by scientists, provides guidelines for the design of computerized personal information systems. It is concluded that the personal information system should not only help scientists to manage their document collections, but should enable them to represent the structure of the literature by creating and storing links between document records. A computerized personal information system should also be integrated with other personal software, such as electronic mail and word-processing packages.     

A logic basis for information retrieval

This paper examines the potential of recent work in artificial intelligence for the development of more effective information retrieval systems. The primary task in this research has been to examine and define the role of an expert system in the domain of bibliographic retrieval. Once such a goal can be described the available knowledge representations and techniques can be evaluated. This paper examines the role of an expert bibliographic retrieval system, examines an artificial intelligence view of information retrieval, and then describes a prototype expert information retrieval system that has been designed and implemented.     

Using an online microfiche catalog for technical service and retrieval of bibliographic data

A prototype system is created that integrates a microfiche catalog into an online computer system for bibliographic control. Costs and operational data are collected and analyzed. The system permits the more economical microfiche storage of catalog records than would be feasible for comparable online magnetic disk storage. Experimental tests demonstrate the feasibility of the online microfiche catalog system for use in library technical services and retrieval of bibliographic data. The primary result of the project is the creation of a completely operational facility, including all equipment, software, procedures, and data bases necessary to demonstrate the system. A second set of results is derived from the experimental use of the system and the evaluation of costs and times for various operations. The cost effectiveness of the online microfiche catalog is demonstrated.     

An information system for decision support in national information policy-making and planning

It is widely recognized that national information policies and plans severely suffer from the lack of timely and relevant data which could support decision-making. Through a pilot project sponsored by UNESCO/PGI and a subsequent application project at the Brazilian Institute for Information in Science and Technology (IBICT), an information system is being developed in order tentatively to overcome this obstacle. It consists of several related modules for the control of the internal production at the national agency and of the development projects and their related contracts, and for the monitoring of the information scene, both national and international. The two first modules are based upon the items of standardized work plans. The third one consists of a coherent series of data bases which contain basic information about the actors and components of the information scene, further transformed into single and aggregated numerical values. The latter are themselves aggregated and standardized according to a comprehensive list of variables, which are calculated on an international basis for the upper levels of the system. The system has been designed in order to cater to various perspectives of the information sector and the calculation of specific or composite indicators. It is linked with a bibliographic information system which controls the documents from which part of the data have been extracted, and with a referral system. The principles and examples of practical applications of the system are presented. The prospects and requirements for its full-scale implementation are discussed.     

Cost-effectiveness comparison of manual and on-line retrospective bibliographic searching.

A study to compare the cost effectiveness of retrospective manual and on-line bibliographic searching is described. Forty search queries were processed against seven abstracting-indexing publications and the corresponding SDC/ORBIT data bases. Equivalent periods of coverage and searcher skill levels were used for both search models. Separate task times were measured for question analysis, searching, photocopying, shelving, and output distribution. Component costs were calculated for labor, information, reproduction, equipment, physical space, and telecommunications. Results indicate that on-line searching is generally faster, less costly, and more effective than manual searching. However, for certain query/information-source combinations, manual searching may offer some advantages in precision and turn-around time. The results of a number of related studies are reviewed.     

Problems and roles of magnetic tapes services within the concept of national automized information networks of scientific technical information

Implication of national and supranational information industry on modelling nationwide networks of STI systems. Decentralized preparation and collection of formalized input bibliographic and/or factual data, centralized world-wide processing of both kinds of data bases and nationally decentralized output information services, as the most significant trends in the field of STI. The new role of secondary processor of special libraries and STI bureaus as the regional distributing centers of STI. The informational revolution as the parallel phenomenon of the scientific technical revolution. Problems of overcoming the national languages barriers. The debt of applied linguistics in introducing the machine readable primary texts, automated extracting, indexing and translating. On-line dialogue STI systems, the real information revolution. The necessary internationalization of STI systems. The gate-keepers role of future information scientist or engineer. The experiences of Czechoslovakia in using the sets of magnetic tape services.     

生态环境长期定位监测信息化管理研究

文中分析了生态环境长期定位监测信息化管理的意义、信息的数据库组成、信息的标准化，以及信息管理系统的框架，提出了生态环境长期定位监测信息管理系统是一个集GIS、DBMS为一体的综合信息系统，并通过属性数据和空间数据的关联，实现了监测数据的可视化查询，使得用户直观、全面、准确地了解监测数据。     

TOXLINE: evolution of an online interactive bibliographic database.

The National Library of Medicine has offered TOXLINE, an online interactive bibliographic database of biomedical (toxicology) information since 1972. Files from 11 secondary sources comprise the TOXLINE database. The sources supplied bibliographic records in different formats and data structures. Data from each supplier's format had to be converted into a format suitable for TOXLINE. Three different, successive retrieval systems were used for the TOXLINE database which required reformatting of the data. Algorithms for generating terms for inverted file search methods were tested. Special characters peculiar to the scientific literature were evaluated during search term generation. Developing search term algorithms for chemical names in the scientific literature required techniques different from those used for nonscientific literature. Problems with replication of bibliographic records from multiple secondary sources are described. Some observations about online interactive databases since TOXLINE was first offered are noted.     

基于数据挖掘的专利数据预处理系统的设计与实现

本文针对当前专利数据预处理中存在的处理效率低、耗费资源量大、处理准确度不高的问题,结合数据挖掘中预处理技术,以欧洲专利局文献管理数据库(DOCDB)专利数据为例,设计并实现了DOCDB专利数据的预处理系统。该系统能够对DOCDB专利数据文件的结构进行解析,提取相关的专利信息,并将处理后的数据存入数据库中。实验结果表明,该系统能够高效处理专利数据,有力的提高了专利预处理的自动化水平。     

网络书目控制搜索引擎开发

本文通过分析4个尝试网络书目控制的站内搜索引擎的功能和存在的不足,从网页书目控制标签的制作、互联网目录的建立、目录过滤垃圾信息的功能提出改进的办法,并探讨网络书目控制搜索引擎工作原理和要达到的效果.     

基于深度学习与需求规则融合的学术文献“目标数据”抽取模型构建与应用——以南海数字资源为例

【目的/意义】从海量的学术文献内容中,抽取科研人员所需要的目标数据,一方面有助于提高研究者的科 研效率,另一方面有利于改善目前文献数据库的检索服务。【方法/过程】根据科研人员的学术需求,首先通过深度 学习方法从大量的学术文献中抽取目标数据。其次使用NER和TF-IDF抽取目标数据的“5W”规则,接着对目标 数据做第二层需求规则过滤,凡是满足“5W”规则的数据,被鉴定为目标数据。最后对目标数据做第三层人工校 验,最终生成学术文献“目标数据”。【结果/结论】本文构建的学术文献“目标数据”抽取模型的准确率可达0.88,再融 合“5W”规则的过滤和最后的人工校验,不仅有利于提高科研工作者的学术文献查准率,而且一定程度上辅助文献 数据库机构的检索工作。【创新/局限】深度学习与需求规则融合,实现学术文献的检索结果从学术文献的题录信息 层面到进入学术文献内容的数据层面。     

Towards an information retrieval language based on a relational view of data

Among the problems associated with modern information retrieval systems is the lack of any systematic approach to the design of query language interfaces. In this paper we attempt to show how a relationally organised data base is well suited to bibliographic data management, and how, given such a relational organisation it is possible to construct an interface which separates the query language from the physical representation of the data base. It is also shown how such a query language organisation may be usefully interfaced to existing retrieval systems. Finally a query language for retrieval applications is proposed.     

Frequency and impact of spelling errors in bibliographic data bases

Using a composite sample of over 3600 index terms drawn from 11 different machine-readable bibliographic data bases, estimates were made of the spelling error frequencies of each of these data bases, as well as the frequency of posting to misspelled terms. The terms studied included assigned index terms as well as some terms from titles and abstracts. The frequency of index term misspellings ranged from a high of almost 23% for one data base to a low of less than $\text{1}\text{2}\text{\%}$ for another data base. The frequency of posting to misspelled terms ranged from about one posting in 8000 citations for one data base, to about one posting in 160 citations in another data base. The impact of these error rates is discussed for the tape supplier, tape user and end user. Some suggestions are given regarding search strategry.     

知识图谱视角下的个人健康信息管理可视化分析

本文利用CitespaceII软件,运用引文分析、共现分析、聚类分析等方法对Web of Science数据库中2000-2011年的个人健康信息管理领域的相关文献进行了定量分析,研究了个人健康信息管理的重要学科领域、知识基础、研究热点和前沿,为我国的个人健康信息管理研究提供了有力的参考依据。