A longitudinal study of the use of library books by undergraduate students

The purpose of this second article on the use of library documents by undergraduate students is to determine the use of the books during every day of the loan period. Student volunteers employed structured diaries to record the time they spent browsing/reading borrowed library books during a two month period. The results show that for a particular university, the average time spent browsing/reading a book is about fifty minutes per user per day. The average total contact time per book during the retention period is 131 minutes, and hence the major portion of use occurs during two days of the loan period. The frequency distribution of contact times belong to a double parameter gamma distribution family. The results also substantiate the outcome of the previous cross-sectional study.     

Optimal loan periods

The influence of a library's loan period on user satisfaction is a topic of considerable current interest. In this paper a model is created that is useful for studying this interaction. A policy, possibly appropriate for a reserve book room, is assumed, in which no queues form. Users not able to take out a book either give up or return. Also, the model includes the effect of a patron not being able to use a book for a sufficient length of time. This model yields equations for the value of the loan period that minimizes the number of transactions at the circulation desk consistent with a constant level of real demand. An iterative solution procedure is described and its convergence proven. Other objective functions, and in particular, the probability of a user successfully using a book, are considered.The objective of the paper is not to detail an operating procedure for circulation systems, but to continue the discussion initiated by Philip Morse about how such systems can be modelled. Morse introduces a queuing model for circulating books, but neglects to consider the impact of queue formation on the arrival rate to the system. The intention of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of introducing such considerations and to indicate how such complications can be analytically treated. The specific system modelled is a simplified one, similar to the one discussed by Bruce in a recent article published in L.Q. This model, or variants adapted to local conditions should be useful in assisting decision-making regarding circulation, but it is the modelling process rather than the management aspect that is addressed by this paper.     

Library-user interface: A simulation of the circulation subsystem

The loan policy of a university library can have a significant effect on the ability of library users to find the particular books that they are seeking. This paper focuses on the library-user interface by relating two measures of user satisfaction, book availability and the delay associated with recalls, to the loan policy of the library. This relation is established by computer simulation techniques. This paper synthesizes the results of two studies conducted at the Sears Library at Case Western Reserve University. The results of these studies confirm that the model can accurately predict two measures of user satisfaction as a function of the load policy of a library. Thus this technique can be used to evaluate alternative loan policies in terms of their impact on user satisfaction.     

用文献计量方法研究图书出版现象——以文献信息类图书为例

本文借助国家图书馆联机公共书目查询系统、中国知网(CNKI)引文数据库,对我国2000-2009年10年间出版的信息检索类729种图书进行了统计分析,包括图书的年代分布及数量变化,学科分类、出版社、图书被引情况等,以期明确我国信息检索领域出版图书的现状及发展趋势,为出版单位制定出版规划、读者和文献收藏单位阅读和收藏信息检索类图书提供一种推荐的依据。     

质押贷款资产价值视角下专利质押融资质物评估模型构建

本文通过比较研究提出专利质押融资质物的价值类型本质上是质押贷款资产价值。商业银行在开展专利质押融资质物评估时,要考虑质物在未来整个贷款期间可实现的资产价值,综合考虑财务价值与战略期权价值,运用改进后的Black-Scholes模型构建专利质押融资质物评估模型,结合商业银行对某公司专利质押融资项目的价值评估对该模型开展算例分析,结果显示企业凭借质物可得到贷款赢得发展机会,而银行风险也在有效控制范围内。     

论我国高校图书馆管理的创新

图书馆是搜集、整理、收藏图书资料供人阅览、参考的机构,早在公元前3000年就出现了最早的图书馆,图书馆有保存人类文化遗产、开发信息资源、参与社会教育等职能。图书馆管理是一门关系到图书馆工作中方方面面的学科,在图书馆学的意义上图书馆管理分为：图书馆开支、书籍工作、书籍使用和狭义上的图书馆管理。高校图书馆管理的创新只有通过观念创新、人本管理创新、服务创新、机制创新、文献资料的管理创新,才能对现存的各种管理要素进行重新组合,建立以知识创新为核心的管理体系,并在创新中求生存谋发展。只有不断进行管理创新,才能适应经济社会快速发展的需要。图书馆服务工作是一项开发利用图书馆资源的工作。它包括发展读者（如发放借书证）、读者研究、文献流通和推广服务（包括文献外借、阅览服务、文献复制服务、馆际互借、流动图书馆服务等）、馆藏报道、阅读辅导、参考咨询和文献检索、读者教育等等。     

基于AHP／线性规划的优化图书供应量分配方案

针对购买量一定而有多个图书供应商的情况,采用层次分析法（AHP）和线性规划方法解决图书供应量的分配问题。通过分析供应商的供应能力、信誉度、价格等因素,建立分配层次结构框架,由多个专家给出各要素的标度矩阵,通过专家权重得出各要素的归一标度矩阵,再计算出各因素的单层权重和合成权重,进而得出各供应商的购买价值系数．应用到图书供应量分配的线性规划模型中去,求得最大的图书购买价值。     

银根松紧与银行贷款质量

本文从分省份的中观层面,对国家重要宏观调控手段银根松紧与银行贷款质量的相互关系、各省份银行贷款质量变化的同步性、各省份银行贷款质量对银根松紧程度的敏感度进行了实证分析。实证结果表明:当期银根宽松程度与下一期银行整体不良贷款率负相关、各省份银行不良贷款率的变化在总体上具有同步性、大部分省份的货币供给量与银行不良贷款率负相关、各省份银行不良贷款率对银根松紧程度的敏感度不相同。文章的政策建议是决策层在制定和实施银根松紧政策时,需要兼顾银行贷款质量的稳定性,同时需要考虑银根松紧政策对各省份银行贷款质量影响的不同。     

基于单位风险收益最大化的贷款组合优化模型

以银行资产的单位风险收益最大为目标,以法律法规和贷款集中度为约束条件,建立了基于单位风险收益最大化的贷款组合优化模型。通过贷款集中度约束调节不同行业贷款总量的分配比例,在确保资产单位风险收益最大的同时,解决银行为了追求收益最大化将大量资产分配给收益较高的行业,而导致银行贷款集中度风险过大的问题。     

Enhancing children’s activity in browsing/reading together by the installation of the BrowsReader in the children’s room of a library

Reading together draws much attention as a societal concern for children not only to yield emotional reaction but also to gradually advance intellectual thinking. We here aim to build a new environment, in which children’s browsing and reading of picture books together with families and/or friends is steadily enhanced, by installing the BrowsReader in the children’s room of a public library or a kindergarten. The original BrowsReader was a system to assist children in finding and reading picture books. The children, by gathering around the BrowsReader, can browse picture books and then choose and read a book by flipping pages on it. After reproducing each printed, digitized or web picture book as a surrogate picture book consisting of the front-cover image followed by the page images, we first introduce two basic notions: (i) an abstracted bookshelf, which presents the front-cover images of the surrogate picture books in the form where all are linearly arranged, with some of the images bundled in places, and (ii) a unified view, which presents each page of any surrogate picture book in a form that seems like a printed picture book’s page. We then specify, based on these notions, the improved version of the BrowsReader which can be installed in each children’s room so that children together with families and/or friends can easily browse a large number of surrogate picture books as if they are browsing in the physical bookshelves of the children’s room, and can read a wide variety of surrogate picture books as if they are reading ordinary printed picture books on a table. The improvement was carried out in a step by step process based on feedback and results from case studies, and its effects were clarified by seeing whether, in a new environment, the children’s activity in browsing/reading together were steadily enhanced when using the BrowsReader.     

基于风险调整后资本收益率模型的中小企业贷款定价研究

为构建专门针对中小企业贷款定价的模型,采用主成分分析法、聚类分析和转移矩阵对中小企业进行信用风险评级,并且利用风险调整资本收益率(RAROC)模型对中小企业进行贷款定价。研究结果表明,用统计分析方法构建信用评级模型具有较强的稳定性和可行性,基于RAROC模型进行中小企业贷款定价使中小企业风险定价工作更有针对性。     

国家助学贷款证券化研究

国家助学贷款制度上的缺陷使得国家助学贷款规模不能满足社会高等教育发展的需要,阻碍了高等教育的公平。作为金融创新工具的助学贷款证券化,对我国高等教育的可持续发展及金融体制的改革有其必要性。文章探讨了资产证券化的基本理论,论述了助学贷款证券化存在的风险和法律障碍,建议国家出台相关政策并改善相关法律环境。     

Financial system modeling using deep neural networks (DNNs) for effective risk assessment and prediction

Since the risk of loan defaulting in peer-to-peer (P2P) lending is notoriously difficult to evaluate, a deep neural network-based decision-making approach is proposed in this work for more effective assessment of P2P lending risks. Although normally a dozen features were used for neural network modeling in previous studies carried out by other researchers on similar topics, more comprehensive features including both numeric and categorical ones (e.g. home ownership and purpose of loan), are considered in this work for improved modeling. Since categorical data cannot be used directly as the input of neural networks, they are converted to numerical data using one-hot encoding function. The deep neural network (DNN) used in this work is a multilayer perceptron (MLP) with three hidden layers trained by the back-propagation algorithm. In empirical analysis, the loan data issued by the Lending Club through 2007–2015 are classified into three classes, i.e. safe loan, risky loan and bad loan using TensorFlow. The training and test data sets consist of 221,712 and 55,428 data observations, respectively. Since most of the data belong to the class of safe loan, Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) is used to improve the DNN prediction accuracy. It is shown that with the proposed approach the test data are classified at an accuracy of 93%, which is much higher than the predication accuracy of 75% obtained using MLP with only one hidden layer.     

中文图书的版本识别与著录

针对中文图书版本的复杂多样性。本文就一些常见且难识别的版本的认定及著录进行了探讨。     

分组零膨胀泊松模型的半参数统计推断

泊松回归模型常常用于计数数据的研究中,然而在实际数据中零值的比例可能远远大于泊松分布中取零值的概率,而且这些零值通常都有其特殊含义.此外计数数据可能是分组数据,即观测到的数据不是确切值而只是已知其落在某一个区间范围之内;或者某些特定的数据,例如工资,要先对它进行人为的分组然后再进行分析.考虑一种零膨胀泊松半参数回归模型来处理上述分组计数数据.该模型中泊松分布的期望与协变量之间采用部分线性连接函数,而零值的概率与协变量之间采用线性连接函数.利用Sieve极大似然估计方法来估计该回归模型中参数和非参数函数,并提出了一种得分检验方法来检验是否存在零膨胀.在一定正则条件下,获得了Sieve极大似然估计的渐近性质,证明了参数部分的估计是强相合,渐近正态及渐近有效的;同时非参数函数的估计达到了最优收敛速度.模拟研究表明,估计和检验方法效果都比较好,最后将此模型和推断方法应用于一组公共卫生领域实际数据研究.     

担保物权未按比例分配的贷款担保价值研究

本文分析论证了贷款担保的期权特性;针对我国贷款担保实践中存在的问题,建立了担保物权未按比例分配的有风险贷款担保定价模型;通过求解和Monte Carlo模拟测算分析,给出了贷款担保价值的主要影响因素,提出了贷款担保实践中相关的建议。     

住房抵押贷款证券化机构与商业银行的博弈研究

对住房抵押贷款证券化机构与商业银行之间的博弈关系进行了深入研究。首先研究了证券化之前的住房抵押贷款的市场均衡,然后研究了证券化机构加入后对该市场均衡的影响及其银行和证券化机构的行为,最后得出结论:住房抵押贷款证券化带来了抵押贷款市场的帕累托改善。     

汉语儿童母语习得类图书调查研究

本文提出了母语习得类图书的概念,对现有汉语儿童母语习得类图书做了分类和描写,并从语言发展关键期、词汇、句长等角度进行了具体分析,提出了对汉语儿童母语习得类图书的改进意见。     

Wonderful secrets of nature. Natural knowledge and religious piety in Reformation Germany

Sixteenth-century Germany witnessed a tremendous flourishing of vernacular literature. An unprecedented number and variety of texts were produced for new groups of readers. This essay analyzes one underexplored genre of this vernacular literature: texts on the natural world. Numerous books on animals, plants, minerals, and natural marvels rolled off the German presses in this period, indicating a widespread curiosity about the natural world. These texts give valuable insight into the views of nature available to a broad lay audience, literate in German but not necessarily in Latin. They reveal a pervasive sense of nature as divinely created and a deep conviction that contemplation of the natural world would lead to greater piety. The divine and the mundane were thoroughly intertwined in vernacular natural histories. While other historians of science have seen the sixteenth century as a period of increasingly secular ways of thinking about nature, I argue for the persistence, and even the intensification, of profoundly religious attitudes toward the natural world.     

基于流通数据分析的ESI前1％学科图书资源建设实证研究

[目的/意义]旨在优化ESI学科图书的资源结构、提高图书利用率,为学科建设提供资源保障,为资源建设方案的制定提供决策依据。[方法/过程]以山东农业大学图书馆2015-2018年各项流通数据为依据,从资金投入、馆藏占比、流通量和利用率等方面,分析ESI前1%学科图书资源建设与利用的现状以及新书采访的效果。[结果/结论]S类图书的投入大于Q类图书,但Q类图书的利用率高于S类图书;ESI图书的流通占比有逆势上扬趋势;ESI图书资源建设的力度有待加强。