Theory development in sport management: My experience and other considerations

This article is designed to generate thought about the development of theory in sport management. A basic overview of theory and theory development is offered along with the author's thoughts on features necessary for generating strong theoretical contributions. Further, the author provides the strategies she utilizes when engaging in these academic endeavors. Finally, the article concludes with a discussion of potential barriers to the development of theory within the field of sport management.     

Investing in sport management: The value of good theory

This paper reflects on why and how there should (continue to) be an investment in sport management by investing in the application and development of theory. Good theory does not just describe, it explains. Thus, in a fundamentally applied field like sport management it is important that the body of knowledge is derived from theory-based and theory-building research. It is equally important that practice and student learning is founded on good theory that guides explanation, prediction and effective management of the sport enterprise. The paper focuses particularly on how, as scholars, we can invest in theory through research, whether it is borrowing, adapting, and extending theory from other disciplines, or generating new theory within sport management that is intentionally relevant to the field.     

阳光体育运动视域下的学校体育的一分钟管理

对开展阳光体育运动的背景、目的以及一分钟管理思想进行了介绍,并提出了阳光体育运动背景下学校体育管理的必要性,最后提出了在学校体育管理中运用一分钟管理理论,能够提高学生体育锻炼的积极性,而且对实现学校体育的科学有效的管理具有深远的意义.     

Volunteerism and volunteer management in sport

This article reflects on existing research examining volunteerism and volunteer management in sport from individual, institutional, multi-level, and policy perspectives. The overview reveals that a substantial body of knowledge has been generated, particularly on the individual perspective and, to a lesser extent, on the institutional perspective. Existing studies from the individual perspective have mainly examined antecedents and experiences of volunteers in sport organizations and at sport events, focusing on topics such as motivation, commitment, and satisfaction, while consequences of volunteerism have attracted less research. On the institutional perspective, research efforts have focused on topics such as recruitment and retention of volunteers and performance management. Studies taking a multi-level perspective give indications about how the institutional or community context affects volunteerism and volunteer management. From a policy perspective, research has mainly looked at challenges for volunteerism resulting from policy implementation and the monetary value of voluntary work. The overview also reveals that many studies have examined the mass of volunteers in general or volunteers in leading positions, while other groups of volunteers, such as voluntary coaches and referees, have attracted less research. After reflecting on topics examined and key findings, the article provides suggestions for future research within each perspective, ensuring that all perspectives and groups of volunteers are attended to.     

江西省高校体育场馆经营管理现状及对策

通过对江西省高校体育场馆经营管理情况的研究.发现高校体育场馆经营管理中存在一些基本问题,并针对这些问题提出相应的对策,为高校体育场馆进行市场化运作提供可借鉴的理论依据.     

Empirical links between achievement goal theory and self-determination theory in sport

The aim of this study was to examine the empirical links between achievement goal theory and self-determination theory in sport. Addressing theoretical and methodological limitations of previous research, the study tested the independent and interactive effects of goal orientations and perceived competence on seven motivational variables with different degrees of self-determination. Regression analyses of data collected from 247 British university students showed that task orientation predicted motivational variables with high self-determination. In contrast, ego orientation predicted motivational variables with low self-determination. Perceived competence predicted both high self-determined and low self-determined motivational variables. A significant interaction emerged between task and ego orientations in predicting external regulation. The results suggest the adaptive role of task orientation in facilitating self-determined motivation in sport. However, the findings are not conclusive, as the variance explained in most analyses was relatively small. Suggestions are offered for a more comprehensive empirical testing of the links between the two theories.     

Action theory and the value of sport

I present a corrective to the formalist and conventionalist down-playing of physical actions in the understanding of the value of sport. I give a necessarily brief account of the Causal Theory of Action (CTA) and its implications for the normativity of actions. I show that the CTA has limitations, particularly in the case of failed or incomplete actions, and I show that failed or incomplete actions are constitutive of sport. This allows me to open up the space for another model, drawn from Aristotle, for failed or incomplete actions, conceived of as ‘doables.’ This avoids some of the problems of the CTA. I explain the importance of difficult but doable actions, at which athletes often fail, and suggest that this establishes pro tanto value. Finally, I claim that this account of the actions that are constitutive of sport deepens our understanding of the value of sport as a whole.     

Empirical links between achievement goal theory and self-determination theory in sport.

The aim of this study was to examine the empirical links between achievement goal theory and self-determination theory in sport. Addressing theoretical and methodological limitations of previous research, the study tested the independent and interactive effects of goal orientations and perceived competence on seven motivational variables with different degrees of self-determination. Regression analyses of data collected from 247 British university students showed that task orientation predicted motivational variables with high self-determination. In contrast, ego orientation predicted motivational variables with low self-determination. Perceived competence predicted both high self-determined and low self-determined motivational variables. A significant interaction emerged between task and ego orientations in predicting external regulation. The results suggest the adaptive role of task orientation in facilitating self-determined motivation in sport. However, the findings are not conclusive, as the variance explained in most analyses was relatively small. Suggestions are offered for a more comprehensive empirical testing of the links between the two theories.     

从终身体育的角度看学校体育和社区体育的协调发展

运用文献综述法、综合分析法,从终身体育的角度来思考学校体育和社区体育的关系。研究发现,学校体育和社区体育是终身体育不可缺少的两个部分,它们之间存在着有机的内在联系:学校体育是社区体育的基础,社区体育对学校体育起巩固和加强作用,是学校体育的延续,二者可在终身体育体系中协调发展。     

相似理论在体育运动技能教学训练中的应用研究

以相似理论为立足点,对体育运动技能的教学训练问题进行思考。主要结果和结论：（1）体育运动技能的掌握,必定要在以各种相似性为中介的对原有信息的激活这个条件下,才可以真正得以实现;（2）体育技能的掌握形成最重要的是得益于相似模仿;（3）提出了掌握运动技能的新理论一相似理论。     

运动承诺理论及相关研究综述

承诺是用于表示促使人们坚持某种行为的动机力量的一个术语。由于运动行为坚持对运动成就和锻炼效果的重要性,运动承诺的研究正逐渐成为运动和锻炼心理学的前沿。对运动承诺理论的相关研究进行了回顾和讨论,提出了进一步研究的建议,希望能为锻炼坚持和退出现象的研究以及采用这一理论来指导实践工作提供参考。     

The sport cluster concept as middle-range theory for the sport value framework

The Sport Value Framework provides a new logic for value creation in sport based on the Service-dominant logic. The Sport Value Framework is a general theory with high level of abstraction, and there is no middle-range theory yet to link it to empirical data. The purpose of this research is to provide one middle-range theory connecting empirical findings to the Sport Value Framework. The authors used a case study approach of a geographical localised sport industry. Primary data collection in the Auckland sailing industry included 27 interviews and observations at events. Secondary data include 13 documents of organisational information and archival data. Data were analysed with NVivo. The results suggest that the Sport Value Framework explains value creation within a localised sport industry. The middle-range theory between the authors’ data and the Sport Value Framework is the Sport Cluster Concept. Eight of the ten foundational premises of the Sport Value Framework are relevant to the case. The results confirm the Sport Cluster Concept as a middle-range theory to explain value creation in localised sport industries through the lenses of the Service-dominant logic. This research helps sport management practitioners to better understand value creation in localised sport industries. It suggests that sport management and marketing scholars should focus more on networks of actors and related inclusive empirical research designs rather than focusing on isolated elements and single actors of sport industries.     

Contemporary qualitative research methods in sport management

Over the past 10 years, qualitative research methods have become more commonplace in sport management scholarship. In the main, they are largely defined by a formulaic approach in which case studies, semi-structured interviews, and coding are often used. Alternative qualitative approaches, which may open up research to new audiences and research participants, and challenge assumptions about ‘good research,’ appear to be largely absent. This special issue on contemporary qualitative research methods in sport management includes conceptual advances in community-based research approaches, Indigenous methodologies, participatory action research, autoethnographies, and narratives. In addition, we present empirical papers that illustrate the use of autoethnography, narrative, digital ethnography, and phenomenology in the field. These articles provide examples for use in classes on qualitative research methods, and can serve to inspire others to use contemporary methods. We encourage sport management researchers to learn about and use contemporary qualitative data collection and analysis, and alternative means of disseminating their work to further enhance the field and challenge ways of knowing and doing research.     

运动心理学研究方法的演进

对近年来运动心理学研究方法方面的进展做了回顾,特别是总结了中国学者在这方面的努力。分7个方面讨论了研究方法的演进,包括探索第三变量、开展追踪研究、重视定性研究、采用生理指标、分析文化差异、独立研制量表、引入多元统计。指出,研究方法是制约运动心理学理论和实践发展的命脉。总的来说,运动心理学研究方法进展的倾向是,在更为广泛的基础上合理应用母科学心理学已经发展起来的研究方法,使研究问题和研究方法的复杂性有所提高。     

日本社会体育的新进展

今天，我报告的题目是“日本社会体育的新进展”，这是2002年我在第一届社会体育国际论坛上所作的     

Toward an institutional theory of escalation of commitment within sport management: A review and future directions

Over the past decade, escalation of commitment theory has gained traction and relevance in the sport management literature. The purpose of this paper was to review the current progress of escalation of commitment research within sport management and provide a new perspective for evaluating and researching potential cases of escalation within sport contexts. To this end, the authors proposed a model that accounts for the different institutional logics that likely impact decision-making and evaluations of success. Consistent with previous research of institutions, the authors contend that the perceptions and attached meanings to courses of action should be accounted for when examining escalation of commitment. The implications of this approach and how it addresses shortcomings of previous research are detailed. Finally, the authors provide suggestions for future research of escalation of commitment in sport contexts.     

关于竞技体育职业化发展与部队体工队院校化管理的研究

根据我国竞技体育职业化发展的大趋势，提出了部队体工队实行院校化管理的理论构想和基本模式，以及需要解决的主要问题。     

我国体育管理学科与专业建设的反思

随着我国社会主义市场经济的高速发展,当前我国不同类型大专院校设置的体育管理专业已突破单一的公共事业(体育)管理专业的建设模式,但体育管理专业设置的学科理论基础仍存在着诸多问题。通过思辨体育是什么、体育教育与体育总概念之间以及学科与专业之间的辩证关系,指出将体育管理专业设置为体育教育学或公共事业管理学学科下的一个专业方向,存在着理论与实践的误区,提出体育管理学的学科建设应该立足于在体育学一级学科下建立二级学科,而公共事业(体育)管理专业只是体育管理学二级学科下的一个专业建设方向。