Pollen grains, random walks and einstein

This article reviews the history of the phenomenon of Brownian motion, how it confirmed the molecular view of matter, and how it led to the invention of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.     

一类分形结构上的非对称随机游动

研究一类分形结构上的随机游动 ,得到了它的进位不变性 ,进位时间的生成函数表达式并得到一个极限定理 .     

100 years of Einstein’s theory of Brownian motion: from Pollen grains to protein trains—1

Experimental verification of the theoretical predictions made by Albert Einstein in his paper, published in 1905, on the molecular mechanisms of Brownian motion established the existence of atoms. In the last 100 years Brownian motion has not only revolutionized our fundamental understanding of the nature ofthermal fluctuations in physical systems, but it has also explained many counterintuitive phenomena in earth and environmental sciences as well as in life sciences. This 2-part article begins with a brief historical survey and an introduction to the concepts and theoretical techniques for studying Brownian motion. Then, in Part 2 a discussion on rotational Brownian motion and Brownian shape fluctuations of soft materials is followed by an elementary introduction to two of the hottest topics in this contemporary area of interdisciplinary research, namely,stochastic resonance andBrownian ratchet.     

Genotypic and environmental variation in cadmium, chromium, arsenic, nickel, and lead concentrations in rice grains

Genotypic and environmental variation in Cd, Cr, As, Ni and Pb concentrations of grains, and the relationships between these heavy metals and Fe, Zn were investigated using 9 rice genotypes grown in 6 locations for two successive years. Significant genotypic variation was detected in the five heavy metal concentrations in grains, indicating the possibility to reduce the concentration of these heavy metals in grains through breeding approach. The environmental effect varied with metal, with Pb and Ni having greater variation than the other three metals. There was significant genotype-environment （location） interaction of the concentrations of all five heavy metals in grains, suggesting the importance of cultivar choice in producing rice with low heavy metal concentrations in grains for a given location. Correlation analysis showed that Cd and As, Cr and Ni, and As and Pb concentrations in rice grains were closely associated, and that Ni concentration in grains was negatively correlated with Zn concentration.     

微量营养物质及生长调节剂对荔枝花粉萌发及生长的影响研究

在25℃的温度条件下,将广东惠州两个优良荔枝品种仙婆果和四季荔的成熟花粉分别播种于添加不同浓度硼酸、尿素和生长素类生长调节荆的花粉萌发培养基上进行培养,结果表明,硼酸、尿素、NAA、2,4-D和爱多收等物质对不同荔枝花粉萌发和生长均有促进作用,促进效果与添加物质的浓度有密切关系,其中对仙婆果的促进作用较明显。     

细胞外钙对百合花粉萌发和花粉管生长的调节作用

采用离体花粉培养技术,研究了不同浓度的细胞外钙对百合花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响.结果表明：在0.01％ Ca2＋度下花粉萌发和花粉管生长速率最快,高于或低于这个浓度,花粉管生长速率和萌发速率都显著被抑制.将快速生长的花粉管,转入Ca2＋浓度为03％的培养基中,花粉管的生长在几秒种内就被抑制.长时间0.3％ Ca浓度培养导致花粉管呈波浪形状.这种改变是不可逆的,当用pectinase处理或降低培养基中的钙浓度时,花粉管破裂.这些结果说明钙作为花粉管生长调节信号,对花粉管的生长具有直接作用和间接作用.     

海枫藤花粉块壁剥离与花粉形态探究

研究了不同方法对海枫藤花粉块的分离效果．在20％KOH溶液10min处理后解剖的分离效果令人满意，海枫藤花粉粒多为不规则形状．     

连翘花粉、柱头、花柱和叶表皮的扫描电镜观察

连翘花粉、柱头、花柱和叶表皮在扫描电镜下的形态特征：花粉长球形,三孔沟,外壁表面具网状纹饰．柱头二叉分枝,属于干柱头．花柱表皮气孔为无规则型．叶上、下表皮角质层纹饰不同,且均有腺体分布,未见表皮毛,气孔器仅分布在下表皮．     

Learning walks as a chance of reintegration for young offenders in three countries of Central Europe: Belgium,France, and Germany

Delinquent behaviour is often an expression of the juvenile development phase, and at the same time a possible entry into criminal careers. Resilience is regarded as a protective factor and supports people in coping with their life tasks and challenges, and especially in the case of juvenile delinquents, their reintegration into society. We present the concept of distance walking as a socio-pedagogical method, and the available empirical material on walks and their results are analysed with respect to their contribution to the development of resilience. Theoretical concepts complete the explanation of the positive effect of resilience enhancement.     

四川柴胡属植物的花粉形态及系统学意义

通过光镜(LM)观察了四川柴胡属植物14种(变种)的花粉形态，结果表明：该属植物的花粉已经发生了明显分化。主要有菱形，椭圆形，矩形三种类型以及它们之间的过渡类型。最后分析了柴胡属植物的花粉进化趋势并探讨了种间亲缘关系。     

辣椒花粉的生活力和贮藏方法研究

:本文结果表明 :辣椒不同品种间花粉生活力存在极显著差异 ,其中以 16号辣椒的花粉生活力为最高 ;在所研究的 8种花粉贮藏方法中 ,以低温干燥 ( 0～ 5 )℃法最有利于保持辣椒花粉生活力     

Characterization of (68)Zn uptake, translocation, and accumulation into developing grains and young leaves of high Zn-density rice genotype

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for humans, but Zn deficiency has become serious as equally as iron (Fe) and vitamin A deficiencies nowadays. Selection and breeding of high Zn-density crops is a suitable, cost-effective, and sustainable way to improve human health. However, the mechanism of high Zn density in rice grain is not fully understood, especially how Zn transports from soil to grains. Hydroponics experiments were carried out to compare Zn uptake and distribution in two different Zn-density rice genotypes using stable isotope technique. At seedling stage, IR68144 showed higher ⁶⁸Zn uptake and transport rate to the shoot for the short-term, but no significant difference was observed in both genotypes for the long-term. Zn in xylem sap of IR68144 was consistently higher, and IR68144 exhibited higher Zn absorption ratio than IR64 at sufficient (2.0 μmol/L) or surplus (8.0 μmol/L) Zn supply level. IR64 and IR68144 showed similar patterns of ⁶⁸Zn accumulation in new leaves at seedling stage and in developing grains at ripening stage, whereas ⁶⁸Zn in new leaves and grains of IR68144 was consistently higher. These results suggested that a rapid root-to-shoot translocation and enhanced xylem loading capacity may be the crucial processes for high Zn density in rice grains.     

随机P-集合及其随机特征

在P-集合概念的基础上,根据元素迁移的随机性,提出随机P-集合的概念,给出了P-集合的随机生成,P-集合的强随机生成.并根据元素迁移的概率,讨论了随机P-集合的随机特征,给出了随机P-集合的存在背景及在风险投资决策估计中的应用.     

两种芦荟属(Aloe L.)植物花粉活性和柱头可授性的测定

文章采用TTC法和醋酸洋红染色法测定皂质芦荟〔Aloesaponaria(Ait.)Haw .〕和元江芦荟 (AloeyuanjiangensisXiong ,ZhengetLiu)的花粉活力 ,用TTC法测定的结果表明 :皂质芦荟花粉的平均可育率为65.48 % ,元江芦荟花粉的平均可育率为52.28 % ;醋酸洋红染色法测定的结果为 :皂质芦荟花粉的平均可育率为64.02 % ,元江芦荟花粉的平均可育率为55.46 %。用联苯胺 -过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性的结果表明 ,二者的柱头均具较高的可授性     

两系不育系早S花粉育性的世代分布

通过早S连续两个世代花粉染黑率的观测,证实群体育性呈正态分布。由于变异和自然选择压,群体后代育性趋向提高,频率分布趋向分散,从而提高“杂株”频率。     

蜂花粉对蛋鸡生产性能及甲状腺激素的影响

试验选用50日龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡200羽,随机分成两组,每组100羽,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加1.5%的蜂花粉,探讨蜂花粉对蛋鸡的生产性能及甲状腺激素的影响.试验期间记录每天产蛋数,每10天每组随机取鸡蛋30枚逐一称重;于150日龄、210日龄每组随机取鸡6羽,心脏采血、分离血清,测定血液中甲状腺素(T4)和三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)的含量.结果表明,试验组的产蛋量、产蛋率,平均蛋重显著或极显著高于对照组;150日龄血清中T4水平显著低于对照组、T3/T4比值极显著高于对照组;210日龄血清中T3水平、T3/T4比值极显著、显著降低.结论:日粮添加1.5%蜂花粉能明显提高蛋鸡的生产性能,影响血清中甲状腺激素的水平.     

坝上油菜蜂花粉中总黄酮的超声提取及含量测定

目的 :从油菜蜂花粉中提取总黄酮 ,并测定其含量。方法 :采用超声技术提取总黄酮 ,用比色法测定总黄酮含量。结果 :油菜蜂花粉中总黄酮含量为 (30 .5 0± 1.0 0 ) % ,平均回收率为 99.6 0 % ,RSD =2 .95 % (n =6 )。结论 :运用超声技术从油菜蜂花粉中提取总黄酮 ,可提高提取率 ,节省提取时间。