自体游离球结膜瓣移植术治疗翼状胬肉128眼的临床观察

目的：探讨自体游离球结膜瓣移植术治疗翼状胬肉的临床疗效。方法：选择我院128眼翼状胬肉患者,随机分为两组,对照组采用单纯翼状胬肉切除巩膜暴露方法,对比分析试验组与对照组的疗效。结果：试验组、对照组总有效率为79.7%、53.1%,经秩和检验,P=0.001〈0.01,有显著性统计学意义。结论：自体游离球结膜瓣移植术治疗翼状胬肉可明显降低手术的复发率,优于单纯翼状胬肉切除术的临床疗效,值得推广使用。     

A preliminary study on the teratogenesis of dexamethasone and the preventive effect of vitamin B<Subscript>12</Subscript> on murine embryonic palatal shelf fusion in vitro

Excessive dexamethasone (Dex) administrated into pregnant mice during critical periods of palatal development can produce a high incidence of cleft palate. Its mechanisms remain unknown. Vitamin B12 has been shown to antagonize the tera-togenic effects of Dex, which, however, remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the effects of Dex and vitamin B,2 on murine embryonic palatal shelf fusion using organ culture of murine embryonic shelves. The explanted palatal shelves on embryonic day 14 (E14) were cultured for 24,48,72 or 96 h in different concentrations of Dex and/or vitamin B12. The palatal shelves were examined histologically for the morphological alterations on the medial edge epithelium (MEE) and fusion rates among different groups. It was found that the palatal shelves were not fused at 72 h or less of culture in Dex group, while they were completely fused in the control and vitamin B12-treated groups at 72 and 96 h, respectively. The MEE still existed and proliferated. In Dex vitamin B12 group the palatal shelves were fused at each time point in a similar rate to controls. These results may suggest that Dex causes teratogenesis of murine embryonic palatal shelves and vitamin B12 prevents the teratogenic effect of Dex on palatogenesis on murine embryos in vitro.     

Effect of vitamin B12on cleft palate induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and dexamethasone in mice简

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B₁₂ on palatal development by co-administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and dexamethasone (DEX). We examined the morphological and histological features of the palatal shelf and expression levels of key signaling molecules (transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) and TGF-β type I receptor (activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK5)) during palatogenesis among a control group (Group A), TCDD+DEX exposed group (Group B), and TCDD+DEX+vitamin B12 exposed group (Group C). While we failed to find that vitamin B12 decreased the incidence of cleft palate induced by TCDD+DEX treatment, the expression levels of key signaling molecules (TGF-β3 and ALK5) during palatogenesis were significantly modulated. In TCDD+DEX exposed and TCDD+DEX+vitamin B12 exposed groups, palatal shelves could not contact in the midline due to their small sizes. Our results suggest that vitamin B12 may inhibit the expression of some cleft palate inducers such as TGF-β3 and ALK5 in DEX+TCDD exposed mice, which may be beneficial against palatogenesis to some degree, even though we were unable to observe a protective role of vitamin B12 in morphological and histological alterations of palatal shelves induced by DEX and TCDD.     

涡轮机法与凿骨劈冠法在拔除阻生智齿中的临床比较

目的：比较涡轮机去骨拔除法（试验组）与凿骨劈冠拔除法（对照组）在拔除下颌中位和低位阻生智齿时的临床疗效。方法：280颗下颌中位和低位阻生智齿随机分成两组,试验组采用涡轮机去骨拔除法,对照组采用凿骨劈冠拔除法,记录手术时间,观察患者术后疼痛程度、张口受限、颞下颌关节功能紊乱及干槽症发生情况。结果：试验组手术时间、患者术后疼痛程度、颞下颌关节功能紊乱、张口受限及干槽症的发生率均小于对照组,两组间发生率有统计学差异。结论：涡轮机去骨拔除法拔除下颌中位和低位阻生智齿较传统凿骨劈冠法有较多优点,值得临床推广。     

口腔颌面部创伤性骨折——246例临床治疗分析

246例口腔颌面部骨折病例的临床资料分析表明:下颌骨骨折发生率为78％,上颌骨骨折发生率为12.2％,颧骨颧弓骨折发生率为9.8％;颌面部骨折常合并颅脑,胸腹脏器和四肢等部位的损伤,本文指出在治疗过程中要有整体观念,并强调局部软组织损伤正确处置的必要性,分析了致伤原因和疾病的年龄分布,并对上下颌骨、颧骨各种类型骨折的不同治疗方法进行了比较,重点介绍了上、下颌骨粉碎性骨折的治疗方法。     

氟离子透入预防学龄前儿童龋齿的效果评价

目的评价氟离子透入预防学龄前儿童龋齿的效果。方法随机抽取泰州市海陵区12所幼儿园3-4岁儿童共1283名为实验组,另外11所幼儿园3-4岁儿童共1198名为对照组,实验组使用NF-Ⅱ型护齿仪进行氟离子透入防龋治疗,对照组不做任何防龋措施。结果经过3年跟踪调查,实验组儿童每年患龋增长率呈逐年下降的趋势,而对照组儿童呈逐渐升高的趋势。实验组儿童的患龋率、龋均均低于对照组,有显著性差异（X~2=110.36;P〈0.005）。结论氟离子透入预防儿童龋齿效果显著,该方法防龋工作效率高,无创伤,安全卫生,避免交叉感染,幼儿易于接受,适宜在幼儿园群体防治。     

不同营养水平日粮对早期饲喂肉鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响

为研究不同营养水平日粮对早期饲喂的肉鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响,选择刚出壳AA肉仔鸡480只（雌雄各半）,对照组饲喂常规日粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂高营养水平日粮,试验Ⅱ组饲喂低营养水平日粮．结果表明：试验Ⅰ组体重分别比对照组和试验Ⅱ组提高5．28％（P〈0．05）和9．61％（P〈0．05）;法氏囊指数分别比对照组和试验Ⅱ组提高6．27％（P〈0．05）和9．75％（P〈0．05）,脾脏指数分别提高5．8％（P〈0．05）和13．84％（P〈0．05）;试验Ⅰ组新城疫抗体水平分别提高2．92％和12．5％（P〈0．05）．高营养水平日粮有利于生产性能和免疫机能的提高．     

大连开发区2128名3～6岁幼儿的龋病流行病学调查

我们对大连开发区 ３２所幼儿园 ２ １２８名 ３－６岁幼儿进行了龋病流行病学调查， 按照卫生部的标准，按年龄分为四组．调查结果显示：患龋率随年龄增长而上升，易感 牙位依次为第一乳磨牙、第二乳磨牙、上颌乳中切、乳侧切、乳磨牙下颌乳切牙．平均 患龋率为８１．１６． 乳牙早失不但给幼儿进食带来不便，而且直接影响恒牙发育．我们建议窝沟封闭不 但要对六龄齿，而且要从乳磨牙做起．     

坚强内固定与颌间固定治疗下颌骨骨折87例临床分析

目的：探讨钛板坚强内固定与颌间固定治疗下颌骨骨折的临床效果。方法：87例下颌骨骨折患随机分为二组。一组采用上下颌牙弓夹板固定加颌间弹性牵引术(39例)．另一组采用钛板内固定加颌间弹性牵引术(48例)。治疗后对临床效果进行分析评价。结果：两组术后在感染发生率、骨愈合方面疗效基本相同。在咬合关系、张口度的恢复方面存在明显差异。结论：钛板坚强内固定治疗下颌骨骨折疗效满意，在咬合关系及张口度恢复方面优于颌间固定术。     

下腹部预扩张皮瓣治疗手部烫、烧伤后疤痕挛缩畸形12例临床分析

目的：探讨下腹部预扩张皮瓣治疗手部烫烧伤后疤痕挛缩畸形的临床效果。方法：2007年10月至2011年6月应用下腹部预扩张皮瓣治疗手部烫烧伤后疤痕挛缩畸形12例。结果：功能矫正满意,疤痕切除完整,随访半年无疤痕增生及挛缩出现。结论：下腹部预扩张皮瓣治疗手部烫、烧伤后疤痕挛缩畸形是一种远期效果肯定的手术方法。     

Invented spelling activities in small groups and early spelling and reading

Our aim was to assess the impact of an invented spelling programme conducted in small groups on children’s written language acquisition in Portuguese. We expected the experimental group to have better post-test results than the control group in spelling and reading. Participants were 160 preschool-age children who were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group. Their age, cognitive ability, knowledge of letters and phonological abilities were controlled. Children’s spelling and reading were evaluated in a pre- and a post-test. In-between, experimental group participated in an invented spelling programme in small groups and the control group in story readings. The experimental group showed better results in spelling and reading in the post-test than the control one. Different dynamics occurred in the small groups which had different impacts on children’s acquisitions. These results provide empirical support for the proposal that invented spelling should be incorporated into early literacy instruction.     

毽球运动对老年人下肢骨密度和骨代谢指标的影响

骨质疏松症是老年人常见的病症,近年来有逐年增高的趋势。本文探讨毽球运动对老年人下肢骨密度和骨代谢指标影响。在运动训练前后分别测试下肢骨密度（BMD）、血清骨钙素（BGP）、血清钙（Ca）,结果显示毽球组的受试者骨密度（BMD）,血清骨钙素（BGP）与非运动对照组相比明显升高。从而得出结论：毽球运动能够增强老年人骨密度,改善骨代谢指标。     

磁场处理水对草鱼血液及鲤鱼红血球溶解的影响

五组草鱼,分别饲养在自制的0.2T、0.3T、0.5T和0.7T磁场处理自来水及未经磁场处理的自来水中。第14天,经静脉窦取血,用Celltrak—Ⅰ型计数仪检测血液五项指标。与对照组比较实验组红细胞压积(HCT)和红细胞平均体积(MCV)无显著性差异;白细胞(WBC)数明显降低,有显著性差异;红细胞(RBC)数和血红蛋白(Hb)浓度在0.3T与0.5T实验组明显低,且差异显著。通过鲤鱼红血球溶血率测定,0.2T和0.3T磁场强度处理水,有明显降低红血球溶血率的作用;0.5T与0.7T实验组又具有明显增强红血球的溶血作用。     

人类上颌中切牙拔除后牙槽骨外形变化的研究

研究目的：创新要点：研究方法：重要结论：观察人类上颌中切牙拔除后牙槽骨外形改建的规律。锥形束计算机断层摄影（CBCT）在口腔硬组织测量方面具有可靠性,在不同时期拍摄的影像中测量具有可重复性。本研究充分利用这一影像学工具观察人类上颌中切牙拔除后牙槽骨改建的规律。选择40名患者上颌中切牙拔牙前和拔牙后三个月时拍摄的两份CBCT影像资料。在第一次CBCT中,选取中切牙拔牙窝深、中、浅三个水平断层进行矢状断层重建,分别记录矢状断层起点到拟拔除中切牙（实验牙T）牙髓中心移动的层数,并测量实验牙T处牙槽骨宽度,在中切牙拔牙窝中层测量腭平面相关垂直距离。在第二次CBCT的三个水平断层上,依据第一次记录的移动层数定位实验牙T,并在定位处测量牙槽骨宽度。在中切牙拔牙窝中层上转移第一次CBCT记录的腭平面相关距离,并测量唇腭侧牙槽嵴顶沿原牙根外形垂直吸收的距离。上颌中切牙拔除后三个月,在拔牙窝的不同深度,唇侧的牙槽骨均有不同程度的水平骨吸收,越接近牙槽嵴项处牙槽骨吸收越明显。唇腭侧牙槽嵴顶均有明显的垂直骨吸收,唇侧牙槽嵴项的垂直骨吸收比腭侧明显。     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡期间大脑皮层SS免疫组织化学和原位杂交组织化学研究

目的 观察大鼠实验性胃溃疡期间大脑皮层生长抑素免疫反应(SS-ir)和SSmRNA神经元的变化。方法 免疫细化PAP法;地高辛标记反意SScRNA探针mRNA原位杂交组化法。结果 正常大鼠SS-ir神经元广泛分布于大脑皮层。溃疡术后1d,大脑皮层纹状皮质区各层SS-ir神经元减少,但可见大量串珠样SS强阳性纤维,溃疡组SS-ir神经元数与盐水组相比无差异;术后4d,溃疡组大脑皮层纹状皮质区各层SS-ir神经元密集、数量明显增多,与盐水组、正常组相比均有差异(P<0.05,P<0.01或P<0.001)。术后10和23d,以上核区SS-ir神经元数仍高于盐水组和正常组(P<0.01,P<0.001)。术后4d,溃疡组大脑皮层SSmRNA神经元数量明显多于盐水组(P<0.001)。结论 大鼠实验性胃溃疡时期,大脑皮层SS-ir和SSmRNA神经元可能参与了胃溃疡自愈过程的调节。     

The effect of A teacher questioning strategy training program on teaching behavior,student achievement,and retention

The use of questions in the classroom has been employed throughout the recorded history of teaching. One still hears the term “Socratic method” during discussions of questioning procedures. The use of teacher questions is presently viewed as a viable procedure for effective instruction. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of training teachers in the use of a questioning technique and the resultant effect upon student learning. The Post-Test Only Control Group Design was used in randomly assigning teachers and students to experimental and control groups. A group of teachers was trained in the use of a specific questioning technique. Follow-up periodic observations were made of questioning technique behavior while teaching science units to groups of students. Post-unit achievement tests were administered to the student groups to obtain evidence of a relationship between the implementation of specific types of teacher questions and student achievement and retention. Analysis of observation data indicated a higher use of managerial and rhetorical questions by the control group than the experimental group. The experimental group employed a greater number of recall and data gathering questions as well as higher order data processing and data verification type questions. The student posttest achievement scores for both units of instruction were greater for the experimental groups than for the control groups. The retention scores for both units were Beater for the experimental groups than for the control groups.     

运动员咬牙习惯给牙齿损伤带来的影响

以5年以上运动经历的19-21岁的田径（投掷）7名、摔跤运动员7名、自由摔跤运动员7名和对照群7名为对象,进行了口腔的临床检查和通过牙齿咬磨度的分析鉴定牙齿的年龄,比较分析逆年龄和鉴定年龄的结果显示,运动员中亚齿的损伤时较高的。所以判断运动员不仅是对咬牙的口腔恶习或为了提高完成运动能力需要使用护齿。     

Success,Personality, and Intelligence

Abstract

Sixty students were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups or to a control group. Both experimental groups were instructed with learning activity packages in French culture. These packages were designed to enhance listening comprehension, speaking proficiency, reading comprehension, and writing proficiency and to stimulate positive attitudes toward the French people, the language, and the course. The control group was instructed in a more traditional grammar-oriented program utilizing audiolingual learning activity packages. These packages stressed language skill proficiencies similar to those of the two experimental groups and, more importantly, emphasized mastery of designated principles of French grammar and structure. Students were pre- and posttested on their four language skill proficiencies and their attitudes. When compared with the control group, both experimental groups demonstrated greater growth in three of their language skills and in their development of positive attitudes toward French.     

论听后复述与学生英语听说技能发展的有机结合

本研究通过实验方法,探讨了听后复述对学生听、说技能发展的影响。两个平行班的59个受试者参加了本研究,29个受试者在控制组,30个受试者在实验组。前测结果显示,两组学生的英语水平在统计学意义上没有显著差异,可以进行实验。在实验中,两个平行班的学生接受相同的授课内容,但实验组学生增加了听后复述任务。问卷调查结果表明,听后复述有利于提升学生的英语综合能力;口语和听力测试后测均显示实验组学生表现得比控制组学生好,两组学生平均分存在统计学意义上的显著差异。     

Use of technology-assisted techniques of mind mapping and concept mapping in science education: a constructivist study

The study aims to investigate the effects of using mind maps and concept maps on students' learning of concepts in science courses. A total of 51 students participated in this study which used a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test/post-test control groups. The constructivist-inspired study was carried out in the sixth-grade science course unit of ‘Light and Sound’ in a primary school with two experimental groups and one control group. The intervention was held in the experimental group 1 by using technology-assisted technique of mind mapping, in the experimental group 2 by using technology-assisted technique of concept mapping, and in the control group by means of traditional classroom instruction. After the intervention in the experimental groups, concept tests and open-ended questions related to the unit were used as post-tests. According to the data obtained from concept tests, it was found out that all groups' understanding of concepts was equivalent. Significantly, students in the experimental group 2 reported positive opinions, stating that learning through concept maps was useful and engaging.