高绩效工作实践系统、知识扩散与突破性创新

突破性创新已成为企业盈利和增长的关键性力量。针对既有文献对突破性创新驱动因素的研究不足,考察了高绩效工作实践系统和知识扩散对跨国公司在华突破性产品创新的影响关系。基于165家在华跨国公司高层管理人员填写的调查问卷,采用因子分析和结构方程模型对研究假设进行检验。实证结果揭示了高绩效工作系统的三种实践:工作轮换、员工培训和跨部门沟通对突破性产品创新的前置效应以及知识扩散对突破性产品创新与企业绩效的传导机制,同时,本文还发现突破性创新导向的技术战略可以显著提高在华跨国公司的运营绩效。最后,论述了本文的理论贡献、实践价值、不足和进一步研究的方向。     

战略柔性对企业获取创新收益的影响研究

 在快速变化的环境中,创新对企业保持竞争优势有重要的作用。然而,创新企业有时会无法获取创新的收益。本文认为企业的战略柔性会对企业获取创新收益产生重要影响。其中协调柔性能够帮助企业获取创新的收益,尤其是突变创新的收益;而资源柔性的影响却较为复杂：资源柔性可以帮助企业获取渐进创新的收益,而对企业获取突变创新的收益则有着不利的影响。     

资源约束情境下突破性创新能力的提升路径

科创企业是科技创新的主体,在面临资源约束情境下其如何通过提升突破性创新能力实现自主创新,并获得持续竞争优势,仍未得到充分的理论解释。本研究采用探索性单案例分析方法,从资源编排视角出发,基于“认知-资源-能力”的理论逻辑,解析科创企业如何打破资源魔咒、突破路径依赖、实现创新能力进阶。研究发现,突破性创新萌芽阶段,市场领先化导向的创新使命在资源匮乏情境下促使企业采取资源拼凑策略,为以改变市场态势为核心的突破性创新能力提供信息支持。突破性创新推进阶段,产品本土化导向的创新使命在资源受限情境下促使企业采取资源探索策略,为以提高行业标准为核心的突破性创新能力供给产品资源。突破性创新实现阶段,技术自主化导向的创新使命在资源延伸情境下促使企业采取资源撬动策略,为以掌握关键技术为核心的突破性创新能力提供技术条件。本研究发现为科创企业基于资源视角制定管理策略、提升创新能力提供了借鉴。     

数字普惠金融发展、金融错配缓解与企业创新

本文利用2011—2018年沪深两市A股上市公司的数据,将其与北京大学数字普惠金融指数及地级市城市特征数据匹配,并采用双向固定效应模型与工具变量法基于金融错配视角实证检验数字普惠金融对企业创新的影响以及其内在机制。结果表明,数字普惠金融的发展显著地促进企业创新,且此结论在考虑内生性问题及稳健性检验后依然成立。进一步地,机制检验发现,数字普惠金融能够显著缓解企业金融错配程度,进而对企业创新产生显著的促进效应,且金融错配在数字普惠金融三个子维度影响企业创新的过程中也均起到中介作用。最后,异质性分析表明,在国有企业以及中西部地区企业,数字普惠金融通过缓解金融错配来推动企业创新的效应更为显著。总体而言,本文结论表明,数字普惠金融发展有利于缓解金融资源错配问题,对于提升企业自主创新水平具有重要的现实意义。     

知识探索，资源整合方式与突变性创新的关系研究

本文以吸收能力理论、动态资源管理理论为基础,探讨了开放环境下内、外部知识探索及它们的交互作用对突变性创新的影响,研究了不同资源整合方式--稳固性整合与激进式整合的调节作用。研究利用203家企业的数据对模型假设进行了检验。结果表明：内、外部知识探索对突变性创新有不同影响,而且两者在促进突变性创新方面存在互补关系;不同知识探索对突变性创新的作用随着资源整合方式的不同而发生改变。研究拓展了开放式创新的研究视角,有利于解释开放环境下内、外部知识探索与突变性创新关系研究中的冲突,并为中国企业提高突变性创新水平提供了理论指导。     

网络连接与关系信任的互动对突变创新的影响——知识整合的中介效应研究

研究了企业关键联盟中的关系信任和网络连接对企业知识整合与突变创新的影响.理论认为,关系信任和网络连接分别正向影响知识整合,并通过知识整合的中介促进突变创新;关系信任和网络连接的互动效应也通过知识整合的中介影响突变创新.利用122家企业关键联盟的数据,采用多阶段线性回归方法的研究没有支持关系信任和网络连接的互动效应,其余理论假设得到了验证.     

组织冗余、公司创业与成长:解析不同冗余的异质影响

结合以往组织冗余方面研究所提及的"黏性"维度,进一步提出"能动性"这一重要维度,并围绕两个维度比较人力冗余和财务冗余对公司创业和企业成长的差异化影响。相对于财务冗余,人力资源冗余具有较高的"黏性",更具战略性,因此对企业成长具有更多的实际意义。同时,由于人力资源冗余具有高"能动性",能调动其他资源并实现资源组合,因而更可能推动公司创业并实现企业成长。以157家企业为研究样本,实证研究表明,人力冗余通过公司创业推动企业成长,而财务冗余对企业成长和公司创业的正向影响不显著。最后讨论了研究的理论意义与实际意义。     

深陷“盘丝洞”：网络关系嵌入过度与中小企业技术创新

深度嵌入网络关系的中小企业如何通过资源拼凑构建资源禀赋、实践技术创新,具有重要的理论和实践价值。269份中小企业数据分析证实：社会关系嵌入过度通过实物资源拼凑促进渐进性技术创新,甚至更显著地预测突破性技术创新,并且共同愿景正向调节该中介效用。研究结果表明,深陷“盘丝洞”的中小企业更需要培养实物资源利用能力、以及构建共同愿景实践技术创新。研究结论丰富和完善了技术创新理论,并对中小企业突破资源束缚实践技术创新提供证据。     

The role of technology standards in product innovation: Theory and evidence from UK manufacturing firms

This paper studies the role of technology standards in firms’ product innovation in terms of both incremental innovation (within a technology life cycle) and radical innovation (beyond the present technology cycle). We first develop a theoretical model which predicts that technology standards can be used by firms as an “insurance” hedging against the risky process of developing new products. This insurance mechanism fosters incremental innovation and product growth especially for those further away from the technological frontier. Using data from a weighted panel of UK manufacturing firms over seven years, we find that the use of technology standards over past years significantly enables a firm’s incremental innovation while also reducing its incentive to deliver radical innovation. Additionally, we show that this relationship is contingent on a firm’s R&D intensity in line with predictions of our theoretical model.     

环境规制、绿色金融发展与企业技术创新

以制造业上市公司为研究样本,对环境规制对于企业技术创新的影响以及绿色金融在其中的调节作用进行实证检验。研究发现：环境规制对企业技术创新具有显著的促进作用,这种促进作用在强融资约束企业中表现相对较弱;绿色金融发展对环境规制对于企业技术创新的促进效应具有显著地正向调节作用,且这种正向调节作用在强融资约束企业中表现得更为明显;与低环境规制强度地区相比,强环境规制地区的绿色金融发展对于环境规制与企业技术创新关系的正向调节作用相对更大。     

战略人力资源管理与企业知识创造能力：对科技型企业的实证研究

 通过对83家科技型企业的实证研究,探讨了战略人力资源管理实践如何用于构建和支撑组织的知识创造能力以及知识创造能力与企业绩效之间的关系。以企业的知识基础观点、组织学习和知识创造以及战略人力资源管理理论为基础,提出了企业组织的知识创造能力概念模型并通过实证研究加以验证。研究结果表明,作为战略人力资源管理体系组成部分的人力资本获得、保持和激励影响着企业组织的知识创造能力,进而作用于企业创新,而人力资本开发和组织结构因素在科技型企业知识创造中的作用并不显著。     

初始条件与新创科技企业生存

新创科技企业的生存与成长是创业研究的重要内容。尽管学界认识到科技企业初创条件对其生存的重要作用，但对这一作用的过程知之甚少。为此，本研究从企业资源观和组织生态学的视角出发，以中关村新创办的科技企业为例，运用Complementary log-log模型，研究了企业创立时的资源与条件——即研发投入、内部金融资本、企业规模和产业集中度——对其生存风险的影响及其时效性。研究结果表明，初创时较高的内部金融资本和产业集中度将增加企业的生存风险，而较高的研发投入和企业规模将提升科技企业的生存概率。同时，这些初创资源与条件对企业生存的影响显示出不同的时效性。这些经验证据将有助于揭示中国科技型企业的生存过程。     

Do mandatory pension contributions hinder innovation? Empirical evidence

This paper empirically investigates the effect of mandatory pension contributions on firm innovation. We find that firms with mandatory contributions experience a decline in their innovation output. This effect is stronger for firms with financial constraints, more short-term institutional investors, higher levels of managerial short-termism. We also document that mandatory pension contributions result in a reduction in firm research and development expenditures and an increase in firm debt-to-asset ratio. Moreover, we report that firms with mandatory contributions increase their alliance activities to pursue innovation with external partners.     

Bridging distant technological domains: A longitudinal study of the determinants of breadth of innovation diffusion

The diffusion of innovations is identified as an important aspect of technological and social change. Innovations diffuse through segmented networks of knowledge that limit the flow of knowledge from any one technological domain to any other. Despite this segmentation, some organizations are capable of developing pieces of knowledge that overcome these limitations. Within this context, we develop four hypotheses regarding specific R&D strategies that affect a firm’s ability to develop inventions that diffuse beyond the firm’s technological boundaries. Specifically, we examine how a firm's scientific intensity, technological collaborations, technological diversity, and internal focus impact breadth of innovation diffusion. We use two of the main determinants of innovation diffusion, namely, the relative advantage and the observability, as theoretical mechanisms to build our arguments. We empirically test our hypotheses on longitudinal data from the industries of pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and chemicals. Our findings show that the extent to which the knowledge embedded in a firm’s inventions diffuses in distant technological areas is positively related to the firm’s scientific intensity and to its extent of collaboration, but it is negatively related to its technological diversity.     

知识耦合对企业突破式创新的影响机制研究

本文整合知识基础观和创新管理相关理论,利用中国142家A股上市的高技术产业公司在2010-2014年间的面板数据,采用随机效应的负二项式回归模型,探讨了企业知识耦合对其突破式创新的作用机理,以及技术多样性对知识耦合与突破式创新关系的调节作用。研究发现,原有技术领域间的知识耦合负向影响企业的突破式创新,而新技术领域与原有技术领域之间的知识耦合正向影响企业的突破式创新;技术多样性正向调节原有技术领域间的知识耦合对企业突破式创新的影响,而负向调节新旧技术领域间的知识耦合对企业突破式创新的影响。通过构建知识耦合视角下知识基础动态变化对突破式创新影响的理论框架,本文丰富了知识与创新管理领域的研究成果,为企业选择合适的知识耦合方式来展开突破式创新提供了理论参考。     

Knowledge base combinations and firm growth

The link between knowledge and firm growth has been a core topic in economics of innovation for a long time. However, despite strong theoretical arguments, empirical evidence remains inconclusive. One important reason for this conundrum may be the failure of standard indicators to capture firm innovation activities comprehensively. We contribute to overcoming this limitation by looking in the knowledge processes that drive variegated forms of innovation and aim thereby to establish a solid relationship with firm growth in more detail. Our arguments draw on the differentiated knowledge base approach, distinguishing between analytical, synthetic, and symbolic knowledge. We measure the three types of knowledge bases with detailed longitudinal linked-employer-employee micro-data from Sweden. Econometric findings based on a very large sample of small and medium-sized firms indicate significantly positive effects of the three knowledge types, and in particular combinations thereof, on firm growth. In addition, we show that not only high-growth but also slow-growth firms benefit immensely from the use of combinatory knowledge bases. We find evidence on a curvilinear relation between knowledge bases and growth of firms. Beyond certain thresholds increasing the knowledge bases further results in decreasing firm growth. Our results remain robust in a wide range of specifications and econometric models.     

Protecting knowledge: How legal requirements to reveal information affect the importance of secrecy

Most firms use secrecy to protect their knowledge from potential imitators. However, the theoretical foundations for secrecy have not been well explored. We extend knowledge protection literature and propose theoretical mechanisms explaining how information visibility influences the importance of secrecy as a knowledge protection instrument. Building on mechanisms from information economics and signaling theory, we postulate that secrecy is more important for protecting knowledge for firms that have legal requirements to reveal information to shareholders. Furthermore, we argue that this effect is contingent on the location in a technological cluster, on a firm’s investment in fixed assets and on a firm’s past innovation performance. We test our hypotheses using a representative sample of 683 firms in Germany between 2005 and 2013. Our results support the moderation effect of a technological cluster and a firm’s investment in fixed assets. Our findings inform both academics and managers on how firms balance information disclosure requirements with the use of secrecy as a knowledge protection instrument.     

资源拼凑与中小企业创新:智力资本的中介作用

既有研究表明面临资源短缺的中小企业能够通过资源拼凑实现创新，然而其并未揭示资源拼凑促进创新的作用过程和机制。基于组织学习理论的视角，本文构建了智力资本（人力资本、组织资本、社会资本）在资源拼凑到创新过程中的中介模型，并基于珠三角地区200家中小企业的数据进行了检验。研究结果表明智力资本部分中介了资源拼凑到创新的关系：资源拼凑在直接促进创新的同时，也间接通过提升企业的智力资本促进创新。在理论上，本研究揭示了资源拼凑对创新的作用过程和机理，弥补了已有研究的不足；在实践上，本研究为面临资源短缺的中小企业如何克服资源短缺，提升智力资本，进而推动创新提供了重要参考。     

Unraveling the links between dimensions of innovation and organizational performance

Economists typically define innovation as a process or practice that is new to an industry; hence they emphasize a firm's speed of innovation relative to other firms in the industry. Organizational theorists, on the other hand, usually focus on the number of products or processes that are new to the firm; hence, they emphasize innovation magnitude. This study builds a bridge between these two approaches by exploring the link between two dimensions of innovation—speed and magnitude—and two measures of a firm's performance—objective financial reports and executive ratings of perceived effectiveness. We propose that each dimension of innovation will be associated with a different measure of firm performance. Using data from the commercial banking industry, we find interesting results that partially support our predictions based on the theory that different dimensions are indeed linked to different measures of performance. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.