农村义务教育绩效工资实施的问题和对策研究

农村义务教育学校实施教师绩效工资制度,有利于改善义务教育教师工资待遇,吸引、鼓励更多各类优秀人才投身教育事业,进一步推动我国教育事业的发展,尤其对教师队伍的稳定和整体素质的提高具有深远的意义。但在绩效工资制度实施的过程中,也出现了一些引起广泛争议的问题。本文通过对当前我国农村地区义务教育教师绩效工资改革中出现的问题进行梳理,深入剖析产生争议的原因,同时对争议的问题提出针对性的改进对策。     

阳光式的事业单位绩效工资制的建设

随着教师绩效工资制的实施和深入,事业单位实施绩效工资已成为事业单位发展的必然。从事业单位绩效工资发展模式出发,并结合当前绩效工资制度在事业单位实施过程中的具体情况和存在的实际问题,提出建立一个阳光式的事业单位绩效工资的分配制度,为绩效工资制改革的不断推进提供有利探索,并试图在观念、体制、机制等方面规范和完善当前的绩效工资制度,为新的绩效工资改革提供一个崭新的思维。     

农村基础教育经费问题的研究

义务教育是准公共产品．是公共事业的重要组成部分．对提高国民素质具有十分重要的作用。我国农村义务教育经费支出中主要包括教育事业性支出和基建支出两个部分。教育支出需要政府提供才能最佳配置,从近几年农村义务教育投入看,政府都在逐年增加对农村义务教育的投入,但教育经费投入短缺的问题仍没有解决。本文就教育经费为出发点试图完善农村基础教育。     

教师绩效工资考核的实践与思考——以D校为例

教师绩效工作制度是我国教师薪酬制度体系改革的重大举措,而绩效考核则是顺利实施教师绩效工资制度的前提和基础,其核心是考核什么和怎么考核这两个基本问题。D校的两次绩效考核实践证明,在教师绩效考核中只有做到考核内容突出、考核指标量化、考核导向正确、考核主体多样以及考核程序公平和考核沟通顺畅,才能达到预期的效果。     

农村义务教育“两免一补”政策执行分析——以河南省为例

为保证农村义务教育持续健康发展，使农村义务教育阶段家庭困难的学生享有平等的受教育机会，2005年秋，河南省出台了农村义务教育“两免一补”实施方案。政策实施一年来，对农村义务教育事业的健康发展起了巨大的促进作用，但由于教育经费投资不足等因素，政策执行中还存在一些比较突出、亟待解决的问题。     

教师绩效工资考核的实践与思考——以D校为例

教师绩效工作制度是我国教师薪酬制度体系改革的重大举措,而绩效考核则是顺利实施教师绩效工资制度的前提和基础,其核心是＂考核什么＂和＂怎么考核＂这两个基本问题。D校的两次绩效考核实践证明,在教师绩效考核中只有做到考核内容突出、考核指标量化、考核导向正确、考核主体多样以及考核程序公平和考核沟通顺畅,才能达到预期的效果。     

浅析义务教育学校实施绩效工资后的利弊、原因和对策

义务教育学校实施绩效工资以后,广大教职工（特别是农村学校的教职工）深深感受到了党中央、国务院的关怀,工资涨了,工作热情也高了。但是,义务教育学校实施绩效工资毕竟是一项重大改革,在实施过程中必然会暴露出这样或那样的问题,这些问题需要大家共同探讨,合力解决。本文就义务教育学校实施绩效工资后的利弊进行分析,提出了一些建设性意见,旨在抛砖引玉,希望与广大同仁讨论与交流。     

当前农村义务教育投入体制存在的问题及对策

农业税取消后,农村义务教育投入体制出现了一系列问题:教育投入缺口较大,地方财力有限,农村学生辍学率上升,各级政府的权责不明……这些问题影响和制约了我国农村义务教育的发展,农村义务教育投入体制亟待完善。建立起适合我国国情的完善的农村义务教育投入体制迫在眉睫。     

浅析事业单位岗位绩效工资制度改革

事业单位实施岗位绩效工资制度改革,对深化收入分配制度改革、提升事业单位的公共服务水平将起到积极的促进作用。要建立起合理有效的岗位绩效工资制度,以适应事业单位人员聘用和岗位管理的要求,岗位设置是前提,人员聘用是基础,绩效管理是关键;在改革过程中合理运用绩效工资这一经济标准,科学、准确地衡量组织中每个成员的绩效,以更好地引导组织成员行为趋向事业单位的组织目标。本文在此基础上运用马克思主义的劳动工资理论、改革发展理论以及“人本思想”,对事业单位岗位绩效工资制度改革实施现状和难点进行思考。     

完善高校绩效分配制度的建议

2006年下半年以来,我国高校开始实行全新的岗位绩效工资制度。新工资制度中,绩效工资是高校拥有自主分配权的部分,其实行是为了规范财务管理和收入分配秩序,也是当前高校管理者最为关心的工作之一。本文从高校的实际情况出发,对绩效工资制度的完善提出建议,为高校建立具有激励和导向作用的绩效分配制度提供借鉴。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence