谈谈鲁迅的“杂文”概念

很多人认为杂文是一种文体,说:“杂文这种文体,在现代中国文学史上被广泛采用,特别是用它作为对敌斗争的武器,首先是由鲁迅开始的。”但是从鲁迅自己的解释和实践来看,本意并不是这样,鲁迅认为杂文并不是一种文体,他说得很清楚:     

杂文语体特征浅论

写杂文要有杂文味。什么叫杂文味？除了在内容上迫近现实、针砭时弊的战斗性与讽刺性外，其中最主要的成分则是它独特的语言风味。杂文之所以能成为一种独立的文体，与它成长过程中逐渐形成的独特的语言表达形式密切相关。因此，衡量一篇杂文的文体质量，就要勇敢地拿起语言表达这一尺度。杂文语体是杂文家在长期的创作实践中形成的适合杂文文体的一种特殊的语言表达体式，是杂文语言形式的规范。它具有一定的表达形式规律和表述要求，这些规律和要求包含在许多典范的杂文作品中，很有必要从理论上进行概括和归纳，给杂文写作提供一种大体的…     

杂文写作文体特征试探

文体既是一种静态模型，也是一种动态形式。把文体看成同一类文章的集合概念，单纯从文体理论的角度来研究，文体是一种静态模型，是对一类文章共同特征的抽象概括；把文体置于写作过程中来观照，则是一种动态模型，它为写作提供一种动态的操作模式。本文拟从后一视点对杂文文体特征进行考察，探索其内在的构制规律和动态操作模式。一、构思原则：形象思辩杂文作为一种议论性的文体，其内在特征是说理、议论和思辩。但它与一般议论文不同，并非只运用概念、判断、推理，而更擅长用形象思维方式中的形象化手段来思辩。因而，杂文具有了文学品…     

杂文浅谈

杂文是“五四”后新创的文学样式,还是“古已有之”的文学体裁?对这个问题,有人说:“杂文……是适应‘五四’新文化运动而产生的一种新文体”。又有人说:杂文是“古已有之”的,因为鲁迅早就在《且介亭杂文集·序言》中指出过。我们认为,作为一种文体的杂文,不是“五四”后才产生的新文体,而是古已有之的,问题只是古代没有杂文这个名称而已。不过,我们说的古已有之的杂文,与鲁迅当年解释过的“古已有之”的“杂文”的含义是不一致的。     

杂文在于“扎”

<正> “杂文”作为文章体裁是源远流长的。但杂文赖以独立的主要特征是什么却历来众说不一。笔者以为杂文的基本特征在于“扎”。一、说“扎”从现代文学史上看,“杂文”这一名称,正式通用于三十年代,二十年代称之为“杂感”。“杂文”名称的通用,标志着这一文体的成熟。这一文体是在“官民的明明暗暗、软软硬硬的围剿‘杂文’的笔与刀下”发展成熟的。把杂文的兴盛说成是一种“畸形的发展”,把写作杂文骂为“堕落”行为的“围剿”者,也不得不承认这     

第六章 杂文阅读及鉴赏

文体简说 　　杂文成为一种独立的文体，始于鲁迅先生。而对杂文的定义，一般来说，人们都接受这样的描述：杂文是有浓厚的议论色彩、又有叙述内容、以形象说理为主、以文学手法来表述的短小、活泼的文体。杂文的基本特征有： 　　一、关注现实，感应敏锐 　　鲁迅说，杂文是“感应的神经，是攻守的手足”。杂文作者总是密切关注现时的社会生活，对生活中现存的事物、现象和观念做出分析和评价。鲁迅先生所代表的 20世纪前半叶的杂文创作，更多地表现出战斗的姿态。我们今天所处的环境虽然有所不同，但“维护正义，追求真理”仍应是我们写作…     

从“孤家寡人”到“万人迷”的飞跃——对新世纪杂文归属及概念的重新确定

新世纪以来,杂文日益呈现出多样化的趋势,杂文在文体形式上的多、新、奇是以往任何时候都无法比拟的。杂文已彻底打破了一切文体的樊篱,形成了无所不包,无体不融的开放与创新的态势。但各种各样的理论专著和教科书中对杂文的归属和概念的确定见仁见智,非常混乱,甚至自相矛盾,难以自圆其说。分析归纳以往代表性杂文归属及概念界定,结合目前杂文的发展现状,定义杂文是一种以批判、刺世、针砭时弊为天职,汲取一切文学的和非文学的各种表现方式和文体形式来行使其职能的文体。     

“说”体浅说

古代的“说”,是一种非常活泼的文体,文短气长,笔力雄健,它常就某种社会现象或社会问题提出精辟的见解,跟现代的杂文或杂感、相似。《文体明辨·序说》:“说,解也,述也,解释义理而以己意述之     

浅释古文体"说"

古代的“说”,是一种非常活泼的文体,篇幅一般不长,跟现代文体中的杂文或杂感相似,属于议论文的一个分支。其内容上是议论性的,大多是一事一议,即借某种社会现象或杜会问题提出精辟的见解;形式上     

浅论杂文的语言特征

<正> “古已有之”的杂文,经过鲁迅的继承创新,如今已成为文学的一大门类。从中央到地方的许多综合性报刊和文学报刊,随处可见它的踪迹,目前更有了专门性的杂文报刊问世。大学写作课中,杂文也是文体论中不可缺少的一项。但和小说、诗歌、戏剧等文学体裁相比较,杂文的语言艺术特征,似乎研究不够。笔者在     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.