高校实施研究性教学现状和集成动因的研究

通过对国内外研究性教学的概述,指出中国研究性教学开始较晚,主要在对研究性教学的理解和研究性教学模式上,而与国外相比,国内的研究性教学在理论研究和实践案例上都远不及国外的深入和丰富.其次以信息与计算科学专业为例,指出该专业的研究性教学在实践教学体系和课程建设方面有了一定的研究成果,但需要进一步的完善和扩展.最后,从三个方面分析了实施研究性教学的动因,为具体构建实施研究性教学的协调机制指出了方向.     

基于MATLAB和学科竞赛构建高等数学研究性教学课堂

文章分析了MATLAB和学科竞赛的特点。以研究性教学为目标,以学科竞赛为依托,将MATLAB和学科竞赛引入到高等数学课堂,从而构建高等数学的研究性教学课堂,为高等数学的研究性教学提供了参考建议。     

研究性教学在车辆“卓越计划”中的探索与实践

研究性教学是应用型地方本科院校人才培养的教学方向。以车辆工程"卓越计划"人才培养为背景,基于研究性教学本质的分析,首先从保障机制、理论教学模式和实践教学模式三个方向提出了研究性教学的实践措施,然后以《汽车设计》课程为例,详细设计研究性教学的教学环节,探索适合应用型地方本科院校研究性教学的可持续发展的新途径。     

“以应用为主线”的信号处理类课程研究性教学模式的改革与实践

本文阐述了以"应用为主线"的信号处理类课程的研究性教学模式改革与实践的经验总结。首先介绍了我校信号处理类课程体系的现状,以此为基础探索了信号处理类课程的研究性教学模式改革的方法和手段,开展研究性课堂内容教学、研究性实践教学设计等改革措施,提出了基于提高学生动手能力为主的研究性教学考核评价手段和方法,并以此为依据对研究性教学模式进行了横向比较,取得了良好效果。     

“石油地质学”课程研究性教学探索与实践

研究性教学是培养和提高学生创新能力的重要途径。本文从对研究性教学的特征和模式的分析入手,介绍了中国石油大学(北京)"石油地质学"课程开展的研究性教学的实践。在"石油地质学"课程的教学中,使用了三种研究性教学方法,即课堂讲授中的研究性教学、学生自主进行的研究性学习和研究性实践环节。这种研究性教学的实践取得了良好的教学效果。     

专业软件支持下的工科研究性教学探究

研究性教学是近年来我国高校课程改革的重要内容,集中反映了新时代对新型人才培养的要求.在深入分析研究性教学含义、现状的基础上,阐明了进行工科研究性教学的重要意义.以给水排水工程研究性教学为例,探讨了在专业软件支持下实施研究性教学与研究性学习的要点与体会.提出了借助专业软件实现创新型人才培养的设想,希望能够为我国工科专业实施研究性教学提供有益参考.     

基于研究性教学的数据结构课程教学实践

将研究性教学理念引入教学实践是培养学生研究性能力和创新观念的一种有效途径。针对目前数据结构课程教学在研究性教学方面的不足,探索研究性教学在该课程教学中的应用。文章将科学问题和课程知识单元结合,实现教学内容重构,将研究性教学理念和线上线下混合式教学模式融合,提出研究性教学视域下的混合式教学模式,将知识考核和研究性能力考核相结合,设计体现研究性教学的教学效果评价体系。实践表明,该课程教学实践不仅提升了教学效果,而且增强了学生的研究性学习能力。     

普通高校本科研究性教学策略探索

研究性教学内涵丰富,兼综教学理念、模式、方法于一体,注重能力。普通高校要完善课堂研究性教学,必须注重构建适合本科研究性教学的课程体系、开发研究性教学的教学资源,重视创设以问题为中心的教学情境。普通高校要适度改进教学管理和评价机制,创造有利的教学条件和教学环境,为本科研究性教学提供有效的外部支持。     

高等院校研究性教学的设计与实施方法——以心理学教学设计为例

本文以心理学教学为例,讨论了在高校进行研究性教学的一些具体问题。包括①研究性学习目标的确立;②研究性学习教学方案的策划;③研究性学习小组的建立;④研究性学习成果的表述方式;⑤研究性教学的评价;⑥研究性教学过程的管理;⑦研究性学习中教师的作用;⑧研究性学习可能取得的教学成果等问题。     

研究性学习活动的教学设计模式研究

教学设计是有效实施研究性学习活动的前提和关键,而面向研究性学习活动的教学设计理论的系统研究还比较薄弱。本研究试图突破现有教学设计理论的局限,构建一个能够充分发挥计算机网络技术的优势,促进研究性学习活动有效设计的教学设计模式。基于后现代主义哲学、新知识观和建构主义学习理论,本研究提出了12条研究性学习活动的教学设计原则,揭示了研究性学习活动设计的本质。依据活动理论,探讨了研究性学习活动系统的要素及其相互关系,提出了研究性学习活动系统要素关系模型。在此基础上,架构了研究性学习活动的教学设计模式(ILACD模式)。该模型具有以学生为中心、以活动为中心的特点,具有开放性。     

Let's talk evidence – The case for combining inquiry-based and direct instruction

Many studies investigating inquiry learning in science domains have appeared over the years. Throughout this period, inquiry learning has been regularly criticized by scholars who favor direct instruction over inquiry learning. In this vein, Zhang, Kirschner, Cobern, and Sweller (2022) recently asserted that direct instruction is overall superior to inquiry-based instruction and reproached policy makers for ignoring this fact. In the current article we reply to this assertion and the premises on which it is based. We review the evidence and argue that a more complete and correct interpretation of the literature demonstrates that inquiry-based instruction produces better overall results for acquiring conceptual knowledge than does direct instruction. We show that this conclusion holds for controlled, correlational, and program-based studies. We subsequently argue that inquiry-based and direct instruction each have their specific virtues and disadvantages and that the effectiveness of each approach depends on moderating factors such as the learning goal, the domain involved, and students' prior knowledge and other student characteristics. Furthermore, inquiry-based instruction is most effective when supplemented with guidance that can be personalized based on these moderating factors and can even involve providing direct instruction. Therefore, we posit that a combination of inquiry and direct instruction may often be the best approach to support student learning. We conclude that policy makers rightfully advocate inquiry-based instruction, particularly when students’ investigations are supplemented with direct instruction at appropriate junctures.     

Understanding the Development of a Hybrid Practice of Inquiry-Based Science Instruction and Language Development: A Case Study of One Teacher’s Journey Through Reflections on Classroom Practice

This qualitative case study looks closely at an elementary teacher who participated in professional development experiences that helped her develop a hybrid practice of using inquiry-based science to teach both science content and English language development (ELD) to her students, many of whom are English language learners (ELLs). This case study examines the teacher’s reflections on her teaching and her students’ learning as she engaged her students in science learning and supported their developing language skills. It explicates the professional learning experiences that supported the development of this hybrid practice. Closely examining the pedagogical practice and reflections of a teacher who is developing an inquiry-based approach to both science learning and language development can provide insights into how teachers come to integrate their professional development experiences with their classroom expertise in order to create a hybrid inquiry-based science ELD practice. This qualitative case study contributes to the emerging scholarship on the development of teacher practice of inquiry-based science instruction as a vehicle for both science instruction and ELD for ELLs. This study demonstrates how an effective teaching practice that supports both the science and language learning of students can develop from ongoing professional learning experiences that are grounded in current perspectives about language development and that immerse teachers in an inquiry-based approach to learning and instruction. Additionally, this case study also underscores the important role that professional learning opportunities can play in supporting teachers in developing a deeper understanding of the affordances that inquiry-based science can provide for language development.     

Managing Inquiry-Based Science: Challenges in Enacting Complex Science Instruction in Elementary and Middle School Classrooms

Effectively enacting inquiry-based science instruction entails considerable changes in classroom management practices. In this article, we describe five interconnected management areas that need to be addressed when managing an inquiry-oriented K-8 science classroom. We introduce a pyramid model as a framework for thinking about these management areas and present a brief review of what the research literature says about each area. We propose that enacting inquiry-based instruction requires a different kind of approach to classroom management that takes into account the close-knit relationship between management and instruction. This perspective recognizes the pervasive nature of managing the classroom for inquiry learning.     

A combined approach to strengthen children’s scientific thinking: direct instruction on scientific reasoning and training of teacher’s verbal support

Inquiry-based lessons have been demonstrated to improve children’s scientific thinking (i.e. reasoning abilities and domain-specific knowledge). Although empirical evidence shows that inquiry-based learning requires instruction, research comes from two approaches that have not been bridged yet: direct instruction of scientific reasoning and teacher training of verbal support. We investigated how these two types of instruction separately or combined strengthened children’s scientific thinking by comparing four conditions: baseline, direct instruction, verbal support, and a combined approach. Effectiveness of an inquiry-based lesson series on scientific reasoning abilities, vocabulary, and domain-specific knowledge (near and far transfer) were studied among 301 fourth graders. Results showed that both approaches strengthened different components of scientific reasoning abilities, and that a combination of instructions was most effective for scientific reasoning abilities, vocabulary, and domain-specific knowledge. Domain-specific knowledge acquisition was strengthened only when both instructions were provided. It can thus be concluded that each type of instruction has unique contributions to children’s science learning and that these instructions complement each other. Our study thus showed that inquiry-based lesson series when preceded by direct instruction of scientific reasoning and scaffolded with verbal support are most effective.     

INQUIRING INTO MY SCIENCE TEACHING THROUGH ACTION RESEARCH: A CASE STUDY ON ONE PRE-SERVICE TEACHER’S INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE TEACHING AND SELF-EFFICACY

This case study reports the effects of a cooperative learning field experience on a pre-service teacher’s views of inquiry-based science and her science teaching self-efficacy. Framed by an action research model, this study examined (a) the pre-service teacher’s developing understanding of inquiry-based science teaching and learning throughout the planning and implementation phases of the field experience and (b) the pre-service teacher’s inquiry-based science teaching self-efficacy beliefs prior to and after the field experience. The pre-service teacher’s self-reflections before and after the field experience, video reflections, and results from the Personal Science Teaching Efficacy, a subscale on the Science Teaching Expectancy Belief Instrument-form B, were analyzed in this study. The findings revealed that (a) the pre-service teacher’s understanding of inquiry-based science teaching and learning was developed and enhanced through the planning and teaching phases of the field experience and (b) the pre-service teacher’s science teaching self-efficacy beliefs were improved as a result of a stronger appreciation and understanding of inquiry-based science teaching and learning. Further, the significance of this study suggests the use of cooperative inquiry-based field experiences and pre-service teacher action research by teacher education programs as means to deepening understanding of inquiry-based science instruction and increasing self-efficacy for such teaching.     

INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INQUIRY-BASED INSTRUCTION ON STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT PRIOR KNOWLEDGE AND READING ABILITIES

This study examined the differential impacts of an inquiry-based instruction on conceptual changes across levels of prior knowledge and reading ability. The instrument emphasized four simultaneously important components: conceptual knowledge, reading ability, attitude toward science, and learning environment. Although the learning patterns and effect size analyses indicated that students from all subgroups demonstrated substantial gains on weather concepts, students from the low prior conceptual knowledge group demonstrated greater gains in conceptual knowledge than subgroups with more prior knowledge; and these gains remained stable 3 weeks after the instruction ceased. However, students from the low language proficiency group showed the least gains in conceptual knowledge. Students’ prior knowledge and reading ability were found to be positively and significantly associated to conceptual development. Recent perspectives on the role of language in science education and suggestions that support learning during instruction are briefly described.     

Multifaceted Assessment of Inquiry-Based Science Learning

To improve student science achievement in the United States we need inquiry-based instruction that promotes coherent understanding and assessments that are aligned with the instruction. Instead, current textbooks often offer fragmented ideas and most assessments only tap recall of details. In this study we implemented 10 inquiry-based science units that promote knowledge integration and developed assessments that measure student knowledge integration abilities. To measure student learning outcomes, we designed a science assessment consisting of both proximal items that are related to the units and distal items that are published from standardized tests (e.g., Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study). We compared the psychometric properties and instructional sensitivity of the proximal and distal items. To unveil the context of learning, we examined how student, class, and teacher characteristics affect student inquiry science learning. Several teacher-level characteristics including professional development showed a positive impact on science performance.     

Guidance in inquiry-based instruction – an attempt to disentangle a manifold construct

Inquiry-based instruction is an important teaching strategy in science education that can be implemented to achieve different learning goals (e.g. the learning of science content or of inquiry skills and strategies). Inquiry-based instruction is often combined with guidance attempting to assist students to effectively engage in inquiry activities and, through this engagement, reach the intended goals. In recent research, the type and amount of guidance needed to foster student’s learninghas received considerable attention. One challenge in interpreting the results of this line of research is the manifold meanings of the term ‘guidance’ and its implementation in inquiry-based instruction. Moreover, the effectiveness of a particular type and amount of guidance may also depend on the learning goal that is to be achieved. In this paper, we draw on existing research and theoretical considerations in attempting to disentangle three major dimensions in which the implementation of guidance may vary: (a) the degree of autonomy, (b) the degree of conceptual information, and (c) the cognitive domain of guidance. We discuss how these dimensions can be used to capture and systemise fidings of existing studies as well as to infer desiderata for further research on the role of guidance in inquiry-based instruction.     

Learning Environment, Attitudes and Achievement among Middle-school Science Students Using Inquiry-based Laboratory Activities

This study compared inquiry and non-inquiry laboratory teaching in terms of students’ perceptions of the classroom learning environment, attitudes toward science, and achievement among middle-school physical science students. Learning environment and attitude scales were found to be valid and related to each other for a sample of 1,434 students in 71 classes. For a subsample of 165 students in 8 classes, inquiry instruction promoted more student cohesiveness than non-inquiry instruction (effect size of one-third of a standard deviation), and inquiry-based laboratory activities were found to be differentially effective for male and female students.     

A Randomized Study of a Literacy-Integrated Science Intervention for Low-Socio-economic Status Middle School Students: Findings from first-year implementation

This paper presents the findings from a randomized control trial study of reading/literacy-integrated science inquiry intervention after 1 year of implementation and the treatment effect on 5th-grade low-socio-economic African-American and Hispanic students’ achievement in science and English reading. A total of 94 treatment students and 194 comparison students from four randomized intermediate schools participated in the current project. The intervention consisted of ongoing professional development and specific instructional science lessons with inquiry-based learning, direct and explicit vocabulary instruction, and integration of reading and writing. Results suggested that (a) there was a significantly positive treatment effect as reflected in students' higher performance in district-wide curriculum-based tests of science and reading and standardized tests of science, reading, and English reading fluency; (b) males and females did not differ significantly from participating in science inquiry instruction; (c) African-American students had lower chance of sufficiently mastering the science concepts and achieving above the state standards when compared with Hispanic students across gender and condition, and (d) below-poverty African-American females are the most vulnerable group in science learning. Our study confirmed that even a modest amount of literacy integration in inquiry-based science instruction can promote students' science and reading achievement. Therefore, we call for more experimental research that focus on the quality of literacy-integrated science instruction from which middle grade students, particularly low-socio-economic status students, can benefit.