Gender and the evaluation of research

This study examines if and how gender relates to research evaluation via panel assessment and journal ratings lists. Using data from UK business schools we find no evidence that the proportion of women in a submission for panel assessment affected the score received by the submitting institution. However, we do find that women on average receive lower scores according to some journal ratings lists. There are important differences in the rated quality of journals that men and women publish in across the sub-disciplines with men publishing significantly more research in the highest rated accountancy, information management and strategy journals. In addition, women who are able to utilise networks to co-author with individuals outside their institution are able to publish in higher-rated journals, although the same is not true for men; women who are attributed with “individual staff circumstances” (e.g. maternity leave or part-time working) have lower scores according to journal ratings lists.     

Activism, drug regulation, and the politics of therapeutic evaluation in the AIDS era: a case study of ddC and the 'surrogate markers' debate

This paper presents an extended case study to demonstrate that the interpretation of clinical trials of antiviral AIDS drugs is significantly shaped by a widely dispersed allocation of scientific credibility. Specifically, the participation of AIDS activists in claims-making about AIDS trials and AIDS drugs complicates the politics of therapeutic evaluation, even as it challenges the monopolization of credibility by credentialed researchers. The paper tracks the social construction of belief about the efficacy of the combination therapy of AZT and ddC, between 1990 and 1995 in the United States. By intervening simultaneously in interpretative debates about the results of the clinical trials of this therapy and in methodological debates about how efficacy might best be measured in such trials, activists have helped to shape what is believed to be known about these drugs.     

产学研合作与联盟机制在我国发展模式的研究

通过调研等方式收集产学研联盟发展状况,分析了制约产学研联盟发展的瓶颈,探索解决问题的方法,构建一套有效机制,发挥产学研联盟集成功能的优势。     

浅析中关村的高校、院所文化和企业文化

高校、院所文化是中关村的母体文化，企业文化是中关村的核心文化。本文简要论述了中关村这两类主体的文化特征。     

科研院所创新能力提升评价研究与应用

从分析科研院所的创新特点与创新能力构成要素入手,研究提出一个基于科技统计数据的科研院所创新能力提升情况评价的指标体系,并将该指标体系实际应用于浙江省科研院所创新能力提升情况的评价.     

Progress,innovation and regulatory science in drug development: the politics of international standard-setting

This paper examines international standard-setting in the toxicology of pharmaceuticals during the 1990s, which has involved both the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies in an organization known as the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). The analysis shows that the relationships between innovation, regulatory science and 'progress' may be more complex and controversial than is often assumed. An assessment of the ICH's claims about the implications of 'technical' harmonization of drug-testing standards for the maintenance of drug safety, via toxicological testing, and the delivery of therapeutic progress, via innovation, is presented. By demonstrating that there is not a technoscientific validity for these claims, it is argued that, within the ICH, a discourse of technological innovation and scientific progress has been used by regulatory agencies and prominent parts of the transnational pharmaceutical industry to legitimize the lowering and loosening of toxicological standards for drug testing. The mobilization and acceptance of this discourse are shown to be pivotal to the ICH's transformation of reductions in safety standards, which are apparently against the interests of patients and public health, into supposed therapeutic benefits derived from promises of greater access to more innovative drug products. The evidence suggests that it is highly implausible that these reductions in the standards of regulatory toxicology are consistent with therapeutic progress for patients, and highlights a worrying aspect embedded in the 'technical trajectories' of regulatory science.     

艺术类工业设计专业工程制图课程教学研究

工程制图作为设计思维表达过程中的重要一环,是产品进入实体制造阶段的重要依据,教学质量直接影响到学生的能力素质。艺术类工业设计专业的工程制图的教学方法应该以设计表达过程为主导[1],面向术科学生的思维方式和知识结构,合理地调整教学内容,融入工业设计专业课程体系。同时,加强实际产品的工程制图训练,重点培养学生良好的空间形象思维能力、形体分析能力、线面分析能力、构形设计能力,理顺三维形体表达思路,使学生熟悉和遵守制图的原理和标准,掌握系统化的设计表达能力,能够全面而准确地表达设计内容。     

艺术类工业设计专业工程制图课程教学研究

工程制图作为设计思维表达过程中的重要一环,是产品进入实体制造阶段的重要依据,教学质量直接影响到学生的能力素质。艺术类工业设计专业的工程制图的教学方法应该以设计表达过程为主导[1],面向术科学生的思维方式和知识结构,合理地调整教学内容,融入工业设计专业课程体系。同时,加强实际产品的工程制图训练,重点培养学生良好的空间形象思维能力、形体分析能力、线面分析能力、构形设计能力,理顺三维形体表达思路,使学生熟悉和遵守制图的原理和标准,掌握系统化的设计表达能力,能够全面而准确地表达设计内容。     

Government research and its utilization by industry: The case of industrial civil research in India

In the past, efforts of less developed countries (LDCs) to promote utilization of government research have concentrated on narrowing the communication gap between research laboratories and industry. On the whole these attempts seem to have failed. This paper examines the extent of utilization of government civil research by industry and the steps undertaken by the government to increase research utilization in India. It shows that the proportion of research utilization in India is indeed very low; in our sample 85 percent of the licensed processes were not put into production.In our view government policy needs to take into account the fact that small and large firms have different reasons for their failure to use government research. In the past, small firms have shown considerable interest in government research but failed because they lacked technical resources. To enable these firms to use government research successfully, it is essential that increased development activities are undertaken by government agencies. Interestingly, as our study shows, the expenditure by government agencies on development activities has been considerably reduced.On the other hand, to interest the large firms in using government research, where little demand exists at present, it is essential that government policy should not only discourage the import of technology but, more importantly, encourage changes in the socio-economic structure which is mainly responsible for demand in the LDCs for products that can only be manufactured by the use of sophisticated, and often imported, technology. In the absence of such changes the activities of government research laboratories will become even more isolated from production.     

省部产学研专项资金项目绩效评价指标体系的构建

省部产学研专项资金是广东省于2006年开始设立的一项科技计划,实施六年来,陆续支持了一批由高校(科研院所)和企业联合承担的高新技术成果转化项目.目前,部分项目已结题验收.为了对其执行效果进行客观评价,设计了专项资金的绩效评价指标体系,对项目的运作效果进行了判断和分析,并对未来的管理和决策提出了建议.     

Policy learning in Swiss research policy—the case of the National Centres of Competence in Research

The article treats the problem of “rationality” in learning processes in research policies. The underlying hypothesis is that there are contemporary efforts in research policy-making, which, against views in organisational sociology like “bounded rationality” or “garbage-can”, endeavour to “rationalise” the process of decision-making in research policies. This hypothesis is worked out by taking one example, the setting-up of the “National Centres of Competence in Research” (NCCR) in Switzerland and analyse the processes that have contributed to the acceptance of this funding measure. Our finding is that Switzerland has introduced some “rationalising devices” but that these devices are still insufficiently institutionalised and can be further elaborated. In addition, it is made clear that goal-oriented problem-solving and interests are closely intertwined and cannot be dissociated from another. This may have distorting effects on the rationality of the learning process. It is, nevertheless, a necessary condition in order to learn at all.     

信息技术类专业产学研模式探索与政策建议

对2009-2011年企业科技特派员数据进行统计以分析广东高校产学研现状,从信息技术类专业教师的视角总结出产学研的四种模式,指出专业教师更适合在企业兼任技术研发和行政人事部门的职务.描述两年的企业科技特派员实践实验,并结合相关访谈提出政府进一步减低产学研成本,高校继续完善人事激励、科研奖惩、研究生培养和跨院系团队建立等制度,专业教师主动通过人才招聘网站联系挂职企业三方面结合有利于进一步推动产学研的深入发展.     

The present status and problems of impact research in technology policy: A case study on the federal program for funding research and development personnel in Germany

The paper illustrates the present status and the problems of impact research through an impact research study of the program of funding research and development personnel in small and meduim-sized firms launched by the German Federal Government. This impact analysis study is one of the first of its kind to be conducted in technology policy in the Federal Republic of Germany. It is mainly devoted to the following problems: acceptance by the firms involved of the funding program; relevance of the program to internal decision-making processes; quantitative and qualitative effects on R&D personnel and R&D activities; impact on the innovation activities of firms; efficient implementation and management of the program. Impact analyses need to go beyond the framework of a shallow technocratic incidence analysis studying only effects the funding program is assumed to have. Such solidly based impact analysis is possible only if also the basic aspects underlying the funding programs can be reviewed critically and verified empirically. The practical implementation of this criterion is demonstrated by studying the effects of the funding measure on the innovative activities of firms. Typical problems associated with impact anayses are insufficient access to the data required, shortcomings in the evolution of theories and the development of methods, weaknesses inherent in the formation of indicators on a sound theoretical basis and with a sufficient degree of operationalization. It is shown how far these problems make themselves felt, and are partly overcome, in this impact analysis. In particular, the early inclusion of evaluation aspects in the conceptual phase of the funding program has established comparatively favorable conditions for this impact analysis.     

LIU Yi： New director of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research

Dr. Yang Weiping has been appointed executive vice directorgeneral of the CAS Beijing Institute of Genomics （BIG）.     

官产学合作研究网络的研究——以Mobile VCE为例

作为对科研资源优化配置的一种尝试 ,2 0世纪 90年代前后在英国、加拿大等发达国家陆续出现了一类国家科技计划倡导下的官产学合作研究网络。本文对英国移动通信行业的此类合作研究网络 (MobileVCE)进行了案例研究 ,论述了MobileVCE的创建过程与管理模式 ,在此基础上 ,从技术创新的视角分析了其成功的原因以及对我国科技政策的启示     

中小企业渐进性创新技术属性及其产学研合作模式选择

根据中小企业渐进性技术创新的特点将其进一步划分为边际型创新和适应型创新两种类型,研究探讨了不同创新类型下的技术复杂性、技术成熟度和技术隐性等技术属型。基于技术属性与企业创新类型二者匹配的视角,在对中小企业产学研合作需求的分析基础上,给出了中小企业产学研合作模式的战略选择模型。     

Social commerce research: Definition,research themes and the trends

Social commerce, an emerging phenomenon rooted in social media and Web 2.0 technologies, has attracted the attention of many researchers. The number of publications on social commerce has grown exponentially in the past 10 years. Now, social commerce has become a significant emerging research area. In this paper, we first define the boundary of social commerce research and then attempt to review the extant literature in this area comprehensively and systematically. Based on the definition, this study surveyed 1369 peer-reviewed academic publications in the social media, Web 2.0, and other related areas. Following the survey, 418 of the publications were identified as social commerce research. Then, latent semantic analysis (LSA), a text mining approach, was applied to summarize the current state of social commerce research. LSA results show that there are three major research themes in the current social commerce research: organization, advertisement, and word-of-mouth. Each theme discusses topics such as innovation, user-generated content, and reputation, among others. In addition, we identify some interesting trends. The first main trend is that innovation, corporate reputation, and user-generated content remain the major research topics, although they are experiencing a slight decline. The second main trend is that online reviews, trust, and e-word-of-mouth are attracting more attention from researchers.