高校高水平篮球运动员膝关节损伤的调查与分析

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法与解剖实验法,对黑龙江省高校高水平篮球运动员参与篮球运动后而造成膝关节损伤情况进行调查。根据篮球运动的自身特点,选用膝关节标本进行解剖观察和生物力学实验,对膝关节解剖结构、损伤原理进行研究总结,试图分析造成篮球运动员损伤发生的原因,提出预防措施,为高校高水平篮球教学与训练提供科学指导。     

浅谈体育院校篮球教学训练中运动损伤的成因及预防

随着篮球运动的发展和普及,参加篮球运动的人越来越多,在篮球运动中难免会发生一些损伤。本文通过对篮球教学训练中常出现的运动损伤机理的初步分析,提出一些相应的预防措施,以避免或减少篮球教学训练中损伤的发生。     

篮球运动常见下肢损伤及预防

篮球运动中常见的下肢运动损伤为腿部肌肉拉伤、髌骨软骨病及“篮球膝”、踝关节损伤等。教学及运动训练中主要的预防措施有：科学而全面地进行身体训练、加强易受伤部位肌肉和关节的力量训练、注重心理预防、加强医务监督及学会自我保护等。     

中职篮球教学中“准备活动”教学设计与实践探索

篮球运动的特征在于对抗性强、身体活动大、易受伤,因此,在进行篮球运动前应当充分地进行准备活动。然而职高的篮球教学活动当中大部分教学活动没有充分地认识到准备活动的重要性,对教学部分及训练内容或是比赛环节过于重视,大大地影响到了篮球教学活动的顺利开展。本文主要研究职高开展的篮球教学活动当中准备活动的重要作用及意义,探讨职高篮球教学开展准备活动的具体对策。     

黄淮学院大学生篮球爱好者运动损伤现状调查

本文用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数据统计法等研究方法。对黄淮学院大学生篮球爱好者运动损伤的现状进行调查,发现黄淮学院大学生篮球爱好者在篮球运动中发生运动损伤的比例较高,损伤的主要部位有指关节、膝关节和踝关节,并且多发生在冬季和春季,比赛时期受伤人数较多。在篮球运动中出现损伤的类型主要有拉伤、扭伤和挫伤,并且篮球爱好者在进行上篮、对抗性训练和抢篮板球时最容易发生运动损伤。黄淮学院大学生篮球爱好者对篮球运动损伤的了解程度一般,发生运动损伤的主要原因有准备活动不充分、自我保护意识不强。因此,在日常教学中向学生讲解运动损伤的概念,提高学生对运动损伤的了解,加强学生对运动损伤的防范意识。并合理安排体能训练,加强身体素质的练习和易发生损伤部位的练习,科学使用护具,以减少运动损伤的发生。     

浅谈青少年篮球运动员基本功的训练方法

本文针对青少年篮球运动队训练的基本需要,对篮球的基本功和基本功教学进行的分析和探讨,目的是丰富篮球基本功教学的教法和内容,满足当今青少年篮球运动训练的需求及篮球运动本身的特点。     

辅助器材在篮球运动训练中的应用研究

传统的篮球运动训练无法适应篮球技术的发展,因此,必须引入篮球运动的辅助器材,使学生的篮球技术、战术水平得到进一步的提升,从而培养出高素质的篮球运动员。本文论述了篮球训练中辅助器材的运用,阐述了辅助器材在篮球教学中的重要作用,对其进行了分类,并针对篮球运动教学中存在的问题提出了相应的对策,以期提升学生的篮球运动能力。     

篮球运动中踝关节损伤问题的预防

篮球是一项高强度的有氧运动,既可以锻炼身体,也可以放松身心,受到广大群体的喜爱。但是篮球运动中经常出现踝关节损伤问题,使得运动员的身体受到伤害,通过有效的方法进行预防,能够有效降低受伤的风险。该文先进行了踝关节损伤简述和类型介绍,分析发现,篮球运动中踝关节损伤的原因包括热身准备不够充分、技术动作缺乏规范性、运动员的身体素质水平较低、自我保护意识不强、训练程度不足等,进而提出针对性的预防措施,降低篮球运动中踝关节的损伤概率。     

篮球运动中常见损伤的防治方法

篮球运动中常见的损伤类型有髌骨软骨病及“篮球膝”、踝关节损伤、腰肌劳损及下腰部痛、跟腱周围炎及疲劳性骨折。运动训练中的防伤措施有：重视全面身体训练、加强易受伤部位肌肉和关节力量的训练、加强站桩练习、学会自我保护和使用防护支持带等。     

浅析篮球教学中的基本功训练

近年来,篮球教学中越来越重视基本功的训练,掌握基本功是每一个篮球手的基本技能,由于近几年篮球手的基本功受到公众的质疑,因此如何训练基本功,使篮球教学训练后的队受符合当代篮球队的要求,如何提高篮球队员的竞争力,如何提高团队的整体竞争力一直是我们研究的话题,如今篮球的基本功训练也来越赢得篮球教学的重视,我们应该根据篮球运动本身的规律创建符合的教学模式,来满足篮球队对球员的训练需求,本文从篮球运动队员日前的需要着手,对篮球教学中的基本功训练情况进行分析,最终结合篮球队员的特点提出篮球教学中训练基本功的见解。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。